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CSDFF

The document consists of a series of programming questions and pseudocode exercises related to data structures, string manipulation, and array handling. It includes examples of sales data for two bicycle websites, production data for workers assembling amplifiers, and various pseudocode functions for string processing. Additionally, it addresses the design and maintenance of programs, along with specific tasks for implementing and debugging code.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

22 views

CSDFF

Uploaded by

Zak Isaac

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 57

QUESTION 1.

5 A company creates two new websites, Site X and Site Y, for selling bicycles.

Various programs are to be written to process the sales data.

These programs will use data about daily sales made from Site X (using variable SalesX) and
Site Y (using variable SalesY).

Data for the first 28 days is shown below.

SalesDate SalesX SalesY

1 03/06/2015 0 1
2 04/06/2015 1 2
3 05/06/2015 3 8
4 06/06/2015 0 0
5 07/06/2015 4 6
6 08/06/2015 4 4
7 09/06/2015 5 9
8 10/06/2015 11 9
9 11/06/2015 4 1
…

28 01/07/2015 14 8

(a) Name the data structure to be used in a program for SalesX.

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/M/J/15

Question 5 begins on page 12.

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/M/J/15 [Turn over

QUESTION 2. 12

5 A firm employs workers who assemble amplifiers. Each member of staff works an agreed number
of hours each day.

The firm records the number of completed amplifiers made by each employee each day.

Management monitor the performance of all its workers.

Production data was collected for 3 workers over 4 days.

Daily hours
worked Production data
Worker 1 5 Worker 1 Worker 2 Worker 3
Worker 2 10 Day 1 10 20 9

Worker 3 10 Day 2 11 16 11

Day 3 10 24 13

Day 4 14 20 17

A program is to be written to process the production data.

(a) The production data is to be stored in a 2-dimensional array ProductionData, declared as

follows:

DECLARE ProductionData ARRAY[1:4, 1:3] : INTEGER

(i) Describe two features of an array.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) Give the value of ProductionData[3, 2].

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Describe the information produced by the expression:

ProductionData[2, 1] + ProductionData[2, 2] + ProductionData[2, 3]

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 9608/23/M/J/15

Write the program code. Do not attempt to include any validation checks.
Visual Basic and Pascal: You should include the declaration statements for variables.
Python: You should show a comment statement for each variable used with its data type.

Programming language ............................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................[10]

© UCLES 2015 9608/23/M/J/15 [Turn over

QUESTION 3. 16

8 In this question you will need to use the given pseudocode built-in function:

ONECHAR(ThisString : STRING, Position : INTEGER) RETURNS CHAR

returns the single character at position Position (counting from the start of the string with value 1)
from the string ThisString.
For example: ONECHAR("Barcelona", 3) returns 'r'.

(a) Give the value assigned to variable y by the following statement:

y ← ONECHAR("San Francisco", 6) y ............................................. [1]

A program reads a string entered by the user. The string represents the addition or subtraction
of two fractions. Each part of the fraction within the string is always a single digit only and the
top digit is always less than the bottom digit.

Example strings are: "3/8+3/5" and "5/8-1/4"

The program steps are:

• the user enters the string
• the program isolates each digit and the operator
• the program computes the answer as either:
a fraction
a whole number followed by a fraction
a whole number
• the program displays the answer to the user

N4Char
N3Char
N2Char
N1Char

The identifier table shows the variables to be used to store the characters in the string as
shown in the diagram.

Identifier Data type Description

FractionString String input by user.

STRING
For example: "5/8-1/4"
N1Char CHAR See diagram
N2Char CHAR See diagram
N3Char CHAR See diagram
N4Char CHAR See diagram
Op CHAR See diagram

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15

(b) Study the sequence of pseudocode statements.

Show the values assigned to each variable.

FractionString ← "3/7+2/9"
N3Char ← ONECHAR(FractionString, 5) (i) N3Char .................................... [1]
Op ← ONECHAR(FractionString, 4) (ii) Op .............................................. [1]

(iii) Complete the function call to isolate the character '9' from FractionString.

FractionString ← "3/7+2/9"

ONECHAR(FractionString, ............... ) [1]

The following additional variables are to be used by the program:

Identifier Data type Description

N1 INTEGER The number value of N1Char
N2 INTEGER The number value of N2Char
N3 INTEGER The number value of N3Char
N4 INTEGER The number value of N4Char
TopAnswer INTEGER The numerator of the fraction answer
BottomAnswer INTEGER The denominator of the fraction answer

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15 [Turn over

(c) The following pseudocode uses these additional built-in functions:

TONUM(ThisDigit : CHAR) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the integer value of character ThisDigit
For example: TONUM('8') returns digit 8.

TOSTR(ThisNumber : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns the string value of integer ThisNumber
For example: TOSTR(27) returns "27".

Study the pseudocode.

Complete the three dry runs for the three given values of FractionString.

OUTPUT "Enter the expression"

INPUT FractionString

// isolate each number digit and assign its number value

←
N1Char ONECHAR(FractionString, 1)
N1 ← TONUM(N1Char)
←
N2Char ONECHAR(FractionString, 3)
N2 ← TONUM(N2Char)
←
N3Char ONECHAR(FractionString, 5)
N3 ← TONUM(N3Char)
←
N4Char ONECHAR(FractionString, 7)
N4 ← TONUM(N4Char)

BottomAnswer ← N2 * N4

Op ← ONECHAR(FractionString, 4)
IF Op = '+'
THEN
// add fractions
TopAnswer ←
(BottomAnswer / N2) * N1 + (BottomAnswer / N4) * N3
ELSE
// subtract fractions
TopAnswer ←
(BottomAnswer / N2) * N1 - (BottomAnswer / N4) * N3
ENDIF

IF TopAnswer = BottomAnswer
THEN
OUTPUT '1'
ELSE
IF TopAnswer > BottomAnswer
THEN
TopAnswer ←
TopAnswer MOD BottomAnswer
// the & operator joins strings or character values
OUTPUT "1 " & TOSTR(TopAnswer) & "/" & TOSTR(BottomAnswer)
ELSE
OUTPUT TOSTR(TopAnswer) & "/" & TOSTR(BottomAnswer)
ENDIF
ENDIF

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15

(i) FractionString ← "2/5-3/8"

N1 N2 N3 N4 BottomAnswer Op TopAnswer OUTPUT

[2]

(ii) FractionString ← "3/4+1/4"

N1 N2 N3 N4 BottomAnswer Op TopAnswer OUTPUT

[2]

(iii) FractionString ← "7/9+2/3"

N1 N2 N3 N4 BottomAnswer Op TopAnswer OUTPUT

[3]

(d) The programmer writes code from the given pseudocode design. The program works, but the
design is limited.

The programmer is to make amendments to the design following suggested specification

changes.

(i) State the name for this type of maintenance.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe three specification changes which will make the program more useful.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

3 .......................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15

QUESTION 4. 13

6 Some pseudocode statements follow which use the following built-in functions:

ONECHAR(ThisString : STRING, Position : INTEGER) RETURNS CHAR

returns the single character at position Position (counting from the start of the string with value 1)
from the string ThisString.
For example: ONECHAR("Barcelona", 3) returns 'r'.

CHARACTERCOUNT(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the number of characters in the string ThisString.
For example: CHARACTERCOUNT("South Africa") returns 12.

(a) Study the following pseudocode statements.

Give the values assigned to variables x and y.

(i) x ← CHARACTERCOUNT("New Delhi") + 3 x .......................................... [1]

(ii) y ← ONECHAR("Sri Lanka", 5) y .......................................... [1]

(b) A program is to be written as follows:

• the user enters a string
• the program will form a new string with all <Space> characters removed
• the new string is output

NewString ""←
INPUT InputString

j ← CHARACTERCOUNT(InputString)
FOR i ←
1 TO j
NextChar ←
ONECHAR(InputString, i)
IF NextChar <> " "
THEN
// the & character joins together two strings
NewString ←
NewString & NextChar
ENDIF
ENDFOR

OUTPUT NewString

(i) Complete the identifier table below.

Identifier Data type Description

InputString STRING The string value input by the user

[4]
© UCLES 2015 9608/22/O/N/15 [Turn over
14

(ii) An experienced programmer suggests this pseudocode would be best designed as a

function.

Complete the re-design of the pseudocode as follows:

The main program:

• the user enters MyString
• the function is called and the changed string is assigned to variable ChangedString

The function:
• has identifier RemoveSpaces
• has a single parameter
• will include the declaration for any local variables used by the function

// main program
INPUT MyString
ChangedString ← RemoveSpaces(.........................................................................................)
OUTPUT ChangedString

// function definition

FUNCTION RemoveSpaces(................................................................) RETURNS ..................

.................................................................................................................................................

j ← CHARACTERCOUNT(InputString)
FOR i ← 1 TO j
NextChar ← ONECHAR(InputString, i)
IF NextChar <> " "
THEN
// the & character joins together two strings
NewString ← NewString & NextChar
ENDIF
ENDFOR

.................................................................................................................................................
ENDFUNCTION
[7]

© UCLES 2015 9608/22/O/N/15

QUESTION 5. 16

6 A string-handling function has been developed. The pseudocode for this function is shown below.

For the built-in functions list, refer to the Appendix on page 18.

FUNCTION SSM(String1, String2 : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER

DECLARE n, f, x, y : INTEGER

n 0
f 0

REPEAT
n n + 1
x n
y 1
WHILE MID(String1, x, 1) = MID(String2, y, 1)

IF y = LENGTH(String2)
THEN
f n
ELSE
x x + 1
y y + 1
ENDIF

ENDWHILE

UNTIL (n = LENGTH(String1)) OR (f <> 0)

RETURN f

ENDFUNCTION

(a) Complete the trace table below by performing a dry run of the function when it is called as
follows:

SSM("RETRACE", "RAC")

n f x y MID(String1, x, 1) MID(String2, y, 1)
0 0

[6]

© UCLES 2016 9608/21/M/J/16

(b) (i) Describe the purpose of function SSM.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) One of the possible return values from function SSM has a special meaning.

State the value and its meaning.

Value .................................................................................................................................

Meaning ............................................................................................................................
[2]

(iii) There is a problem with the logic of the pseudocode. This could generate a run-time
error.

Describe the problem.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2016 9608/21/M/J/16 [Turn over

Appendix
Built-in functions

In each function below, if the function call is not properly formed, the function returns an error.

MID(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER, y : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns the string of length y starting at position x from ThisString

Example: MID("ABCDEFGH", 2, 3) will return string "BCD"

LEFT(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns the leftmost x characters from ThisString

Example: LEFT("ABCDEFGH", 3) will return string "ABC"

RIGHT(ThisString: STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns the rightmost x characters from ThisString

Example: RIGHT("ABCDEFGH", 3) will return string "FGH"

ASC(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the ASCII value of character ThisChar

Example: ASC('W') will return 87

LENGTH(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the integer value representing the length of string ThisString

Example: LENGTH("Happy Days") will return 10

String operator

& operator

concatenates (joins) two strings

Example: "Summer" & " " & "Pudding" produces "Summer Pudding"

© UCLES 2016 9608/21/M/J/16

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2016 9608/21/M/J/16

QUESTION 6. 14

6 A string-handling function has been developed.

For the built-in functions list, refer to the Appendix on the last page.

The pseudocode for this function is shown below.

FUNCTION SF(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS STRING

DECLARE x : CHAR
DECLARE NewString : STRING
DECLARE Flag : BOOLEAN
DECLARE m, n : INTEGER

Flag TRUE
NewString ""
m LENGTH(ThisString)

FOR n 1 TO m

IF Flag = TRUE
THEN
x UCASE(MID(ThisString, n, 1))
Flag FALSE
ELSE
x LCASE(MID(ThisString, n, 1))
ENDIF

NewString NewString & x

IF x = " "
THEN
Flag TRUE
ENDIF

ENDFOR

RETURN NewString
ENDFUNCTION

(a) (i) Complete the trace table below by performing a dry run of the function when it is called
as follows:

SF("big BEN")

n x Flag m NewString

[4]
© UCLES 2016 9608/23/M/J/16
15

(ii) Describe the purpose of function SF.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Test data must be designed for the function SF.

(i) State what happens when the function is called with an empty string.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The function should be thoroughly tested.

Give three examples of non-empty strings that may be used.

In each case explain why the test string has been chosen.

String .................................................................................................................................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

String .................................................................................................................................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

String .................................................................................................................................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[3]

© UCLES 2016 9608/23/M/J/16 [Turn over

QUESTION 7. 6

2 A sensing device sends bit values to a computer along data channels.

• Channel 1 transmits a sequence of binary values from a sensor

• Channel 2 transmits at regular intervals to indicate whether the sensor is switched on or off:
• 0 indicates switched off
• 1 indicates switched on

A program tests the bits received from the sensing device.

A program reads the signal from Channel 2 after every six values from Channel 1.

A built-in function READ(<ChannelNumber>) reads a value from the specified channel.

Pseudocode for the program is as follows:

01 BitCount 0
02 Status2 READ(2)
03 WHILE Status2 = 1
04
05 FOR ReadingCount 1 TO 6
06 ThisBit READ(1)
07 IF ThisBit = 1
08 THEN
09 BitCount BitCount + 1
10 ENDIF
11 IF BitCount = 5
12 THEN
13 OUTPUT "Error – Investigate"
14 BitCount 0
15 ENDIF
16 ENDFOR
17
18 Status2 READ(2)
19 ENDWHILE

© UCLES 2016 9608/21/O/N/16

(a) Trace the execution of the program for the following sequence of bits.

Channel 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
Channel 2 1 1 0

Status2 ReadingCount ThisBit BitCount OUTPUT

1 1 1 1

[7]

(b) Identify the following constructs in the given program, using line numbers.

For multi-line constructs give the first line number only.

Construct Line number

Assignment
Selection
Iteration
[3]

© UCLES 2016 9608/21/O/N/16 [Turn over

QUESTION 8. 12

5 A team keeps a record of the scores made by each of their eight players in a number of games.

The data in the two tables below shows:

• the scores of the eight players after twenty games

• the eight player names.

1 2 3 8
1 12 17 67 31

2 35 82 44 29

3 61 39 80 17

4 81 103 21 11

5 56 0 98 4

19 45 6 81 77

20 12 11 3 6

1 Vorma

2 Ravi

3 Chada

4 Nigam

5 Bahri

6 Smith

7 Goyal

8 Lata

The team wants a computer program to input and record the player data.

(a) A programmer designs the following pseudocode for the input of a player’s score from one
game.

01 INPUT GameNumber
02 INPUT PlayerNumber
03 INPUT PlayerGameScore
04 PlayerScore[GameNumber, PlayerNumber] PlayerGameScore

Describe the data structure the programmer has used for the storage of all player scores.

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© UCLES 2016 9608/22/O/N/16

(b) The player names are permanently stored in a text file NAMES.TXT, with one name on each
line. The player names will be read by the program and stored in a 1D array.

The design given in part (a) will be expanded so that the user is prompted for the player
name instead of the player number. Step 02 now becomes:

02.1 Read the player names from file NAMES.TXT into the array PlayerName
02.2 INPUT ThisPlayerName
02.3 Search the PlayerName array for ThisPlayerName to find the PlayerNumber

(i) State the computing term for the expansion of one or more steps in the original design.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Write the program code for step 02.1

Visual Basic and Pascal: You should include the declaration statements for variables.
Python: You should show a comment statement for each variable used with its data type.

Programming language .....................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2016 9608/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

(iii) Program code is to be designed and written for step 02.3

The program will use these identifiers:

Identifier Data type Description

PlayerName ARRAY[1 : 8] OF STRING Stores the player names (read from the file)
ThisPlayerName STRING Input by the user (step 02.2)
Flags when ThisPlayerName is found
Found BOOLEAN
when searching the PlayerName array
i INTEGER Array index

Write program code to carry out the linear search for step 02.3

There is no requirement to declare or comment on variables used.

Programming language .....................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [4]

© UCLES 2016 9608/22/O/N/16

The program outputs the total number of player scores that are:

• 50 and over but less than 100

• 100 or higher.

You can assume that before the section runs, the program has assigned all eight player scores to
the PlayerScore data structure.

A first attempt at the pseudocode is shown below:

01 Total50 0
02 Total100 0
03 FOR PlayerIndex 1 TO 8
04 FOR GameIndex 1 TO 20
05 IF PlayerScore[GameIndex, PlayerIndex] > 100
06 THEN
07 Total100 Total100 + 1
08 ELSE
09 IF PlayerScore[GameIndex, PlayerIndex] > 50
10 THEN
11 Total50 Total50 + GameIndex
12 ENDIF
13 ENDIF
14 ENDFOR
15 ENDFOR
16 OUTPUT Total50
17 OUTPUT Total100

(i) Describe the control structure used in lines 03 and 04 and lines 14 and 15.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2016 9608/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

(ii) Consider the following two statements.

Write either TRUE or FALSE next to each statement.

Statement TRUE or FALSE

The pseudocode considers all the scores for a player, before
progressing to the next player.
The pseudocode considers all scores in a game, before
progressing to the next game.
[1]

(iii) The programmer has made logic errors in the design.

State a line number at which an error occurs.

Explain the error or write the corrected pseudocode statement.

Line number ...............................

Explanation .......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2016 9608/22/O/N/16

QUESTION 1. 9

6 A firm employs five staff who take part in a training programme. Each member of staff must
complete a set of twelve tasks which can be taken in any order. When a member of staff
successfully completes a task, this is recorded.

A program is to be produced to record the completion of tasks for the five members of staff.

To test the code, the programmer makes the program generate test data.

The program generates pairs of random numbers:

• the first, in the range, 1 to 5 to represent the member of staff

• the second, in the range, 1 to 12 to represent the task

Each pair of numbers simulates the completion of one task by one member of staff.

(a) Explain why the generation of 60 (5 staff x 12 tasks) pairs of random numbers will not simulate
all tasks completed by all staff.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Data is currently recorded manually as shown.

Staff Task number

number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1
2
3 
4
5 

The table shows that two members of staff have each successfully completed one task.

The program must use a suitable data structure to store, for all staff:

• tasks successfully completed

• tasks not yet successfully completed

The program will output the staff number and task number in the order in which tasks are
completed.

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15 [Turn over

The program design in pseudocode is produced as follows:

01 DECLARE StaffNum : INTEGER

02 DECLARE TaskNum : INTEGER
03 DECLARE .....................................................................................................................................
04 DECLARE NewStaffTask : BOOLEAN
05
06 CALL InitialiseTaskGrid
07 Completed ← 0
08 WHILE Completed <> 60
09 NewStaffTask ← FALSE
10 WHILE NewStaffTask = FALSE
11 StaffNum ← RANDOM(1,5) //generates a random number
12 TaskNum ← RANDOM(1,12) //in the given range
13 IF TaskGrid[StaffNum, TaskNum] = FALSE
14 THEN
15 TaskGrid[StaffNum, TaskNum] ← TRUE
16 NewStaffTask ← TRUE
17 OUTPUT StaffNum, TaskNum
18 ENDIF
19 ENDWHILE
20 Completed ← Completed + 1
21 ENDWHILE
22 OUTPUT "Staff Task Count", Completed
23
24 // end of main program
25
26 PROCEDURE InitialiseTaskGrid()
27 DECLARE i : INTEGER
28 DECLARE j : INTEGER
29 FOR i ← 1 TO 5
30 FOR j ← 1 TO 12
31 TaskGrid[i, j] ← FALSE
32 ENDFOR
33 ENDFOR
34 ENDPROCEDURE

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15

Study the pseudocode and answer the questions below.

Give the line number for:

(i) The declaration of a BOOLEAN global variable. .................... [1]

(ii) The declaration of a local variable. .................... [1]

(iii) The incrementing of a variable used as a counter, but not to control a ‘count controlled’
loop.
.................... [1]

(iv) A statement which uses a built-in function of the programming language.

.................... [1]

(c) (i) State the number of parameters of the InitialiseTaskGrid procedure.

.................... [1]

(ii) Copy the condition which is used to control a ‘pre-condition’ loop.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Explain the purpose of lines 13 – 18.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

(iv) Give the global variable that needs to be declared at line 03.

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15 [Turn over

(d) Line 17 in the pseudocode outputs the staff number and the task number.
Staff number Staff name
A new requirement is to display the name of the
member of staff given in the table. 1 Sadiq
2 Smith
Write a CASE structure using variable StaffNum. 3 Ho
Assign to a new variable StaffName the appropriate 4 Azmah
staff name. 5 Papadopoulos

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15

Question 7 begins on page 14.

© UCLES 2015 9608/21/O/N/15 [Turn over

QUESTION 2. 6

4 The standard pack of playing cards has four suits – called Clubs, Diamonds, Hearts and Spades.
Each card has a value shown by its number or a name: 1 (Ace), 2, 3, … 10, 11 (Jack), 12 (Queen),
13 (King). The pack of cards has one combination for each suit and value.

A program is to be written which simulates a magician dealing all 52 cards from the card pack.

The program generates pairs of random numbers:

• the first, in the range 1 to 4, to represent the suit

• the second, in the range 1 to 13, to represent the card value

(a) Explain why the generation of 52 (4 suits x 13 card values) pairs of random numbers will not
simulate the dealing of the complete pack.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) A representation of dealing out the cards is shown below:

Card value
Suit
number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
1 (Clubs) F F F F F F F F F F T F F
2 (Diamonds) F F F F F F F F F F F F F
3 (Hearts) F F T F F F F F F F F F F
4 (Spades) F F F F F F F F F F F F F

The table shows two cards have been dealt so far; the 3 of Hearts and the Jack of Clubs.

When each card is dealt, the appropriate cell changes from F to T.

The program will output the suit and the card value in the order in which the cards are dealt.

© UCLES 2015 9608/22/O/N/15

Question 4(b) continues on page 8.

© UCLES 2015 9608/22/O/N/15 [Turn over

The program design in pseudocode is produced as follows:

01 DECLARE SuitNum : INTEGER

02 DECLARE CardValue : INTEGER
03 DECLARE DealCount : INTEGER
04 DECLARE NewCard : BOOLEAN
05 DECLARE CardPack ...........................................................................................................
06
07 CALL InitialiseCardPack
08 DealCount ← 0
09 WHILE DealCount <> 52
10 NewCard ← FALSE
11 WHILE NewCard = FALSE
12 SuitNum ← RANDOM(1,4) // generates a random number
13 CardValue ← RANDOM(1,13) // in the range given
14 IF CardPack[SuitNum, CardValue] = FALSE
15 THEN
16 CardPack[SuitNum, CardValue] ← TRUE
17 NewCard ← TRUE
18 OUTPUT SuitNum, CardValue
19 ENDIF
20 ENDWHILE
21 DealCount ← DealCount + 1
22 ENDWHILE
23
24 // end of main program
25
26 PROCEDURE InitialiseCardPack
27 DECLARE i : INTEGER
28 DECLARE j : INTEGER
29 FOR i ← 1 TO 4
30 FOR j ← 1 TO 13
31 CardPack[i, j] ← FALSE
32 ENDFOR
33 ENDFOR
34 ENDPROCEDURE

© UCLES 2015 9608/22/O/N/15

Study the pseudocode and answer the questions below:

Give the line number for:

(i) A statement which marks the end of a count controlled loop.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) The declaration of a local variable.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) The initialisation of a variable used as a counter, but not to control a ‘count controlled’
loop.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) A statement which uses a built-in function of the programming language.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) Give the number of procedures used by the pseudocode.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(d) Copy the condition which is used to control a ‘pre-condition’ loop.

...............................................................................................................................................[1]

(e) Explain the purpose of lines 14 – 19 in the design.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(f) Complete the declaration of the global variable at line 05.

05 DECLARE CardPack ....................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2015 9608/22/O/N/15 [Turn over

(g) Line 18 in the design shows which new card is dealt each time.

When an Ace, Jack, Queen or King is dealt, the output displays the number for that card, not
the name of the card.

Card value Card

name
1 Ace
11 Jack
12 Queen
13 King

A new requirement is to display the name of the card, where appropriate.

Write a CASE structure using variable CardValue.

Assign to a new variable CardName either:

• the card value (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10)

• or where appropriate, the card name Ace, Jack, Queen or King

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

© UCLES 2015 9608/22/O/N/15

QUESTION 3. 10

6 A multi-user computer system makes use of passwords.

To be valid, a password must comply with the following rules:

• at least two lower-case alphabetic characters

• at least two upper-case alphabetic characters
• at least three numeric characters
• alpha-numeric characters only

A function, ValidatePassword, is needed to check that a given password follows these rules.
This function takes a string, Pass, as a parameter and returns a Boolean value:

• TRUE if Pass contains a valid password

• FALSE otherwise.

(a) Write program code to implement the new function ValidatePassword.

Visual Basic and Pascal: You should include the declaration statements for variables.
Python: You should show a comment statement for each variable used with its data type.

Programming language ............................................................................................................

Program code

...................................................................................................................................................

© UCLES 2017 9608/21/M/J/17

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................[10]

© UCLES 2017 9608/21/M/J/17 [Turn over

(b) (i) The function will be tested.

Give a valid string to check that the function returns TRUE under the correct conditions.

String1: ..............................................................................................................................

Modify the valid string given for String1 to test each rule separately.

Explain your choice in each case.

String2: ..............................................................................................................................

Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

String3: ..............................................................................................................................

Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

String4: ..............................................................................................................................

Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

String5: ..............................................................................................................................

Explanation: ......................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[5]

(ii) When testing a module, it is necessary to test all possible paths through the code.

State the name given to this type of testing.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

© UCLES 2017 9608/21/M/J/17

(iii) A program consisting of several modules may be tested using a process known as
stub testing.

Explain this process.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

© UCLES 2017 9608/21/M/J/17 [Turn over

Appendix
Built-in functions (pseudocode)
In each function, if the function call is not properly formed, the function returns an error.

MID(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER, y : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns string of length y starting at position x from ThisString.

Example: MID("ABCDEFGH", 2, 3) returns string "BCD"

LENGTH(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the integer value representing the length of string ThisString.

Example: LENGTH("Happy Days") returns 10

LEFT(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns leftmost x characters from ThisString.

Example: LEFT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns string "ABC"

RIGHT(ThisString: STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns rightmost x characters from ThisString.

Example: RIGHT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns string "FGH"

LCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR

returns the character value representing the lower case equivalent of ThisChar.
If ThisChar is not an upper-case alphabetic character then it is returned unchanged.
Example: LCASE('W') returns 'w'

MOD(ThisNum : INTEGER, ThisDiv : INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the integer value representing the remainder when ThisNum is divided by ThisDiv.
Example: MOD(10,3) returns 1

DIV(ThisNum : INTEGER, ThisDiv : INTEGER) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the integer value representing the whole number part of the result when ThisNum is divided
by ThisDiv.
Example: DIV(10,3) returns 3

Operators (pseudocode)

Operator Description
Concatenates (joins) two strings.
&
Example: "Summer" & " " & "Pudding" produces "Summer Pudding"
Performs a logical AND of two Boolean values.
AND
Example: TRUE AND FALSE produces FALSE
Performs a logical OR of two Boolean values.
OR
Example: TRUE OR FALSE produces TRUE

© UCLES 2017 9608/21/M/J/17

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2017 9608/21/M/J/17

QUESTION 4. 2

1 (a) (i) Procedural high-level languages usually support different data types.

Give an appropriate data type for each data value in the following table.

Data value Data type

27
"27"
"27.3"
TRUE
27/3/2015
27.3
[6]

(ii) State an appropriate data structure to store the individual test scores for a class of
students.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Describe how characters are represented using the ASCII character set.

...........................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) Functions and procedures are subroutines.

Explain why you should use subroutines when designing a program solution.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) The following pseudocode is an example of nested IF statements.

IF MyVar = 1
THEN
CALL Proc1()
ELSE
IF MyVar = 2
THEN
CALL Proc2()
ELSE
IF MyVar = 3
THEN
CALL Proc3()
ELSE
OUTPUT "Error"
ENDIF
ENDIF
ENDIF

Use pseudocode to write a CASE statement with the same functionality.

...................................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................................[4]

(d) Program coding is a transferable skill.

You are given program code written in a high-level language that you have not studied.

State two different features of the code that you should be able to recognise.

1 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[2]

QUESTION 5. 2

1 (a) (i) Procedural high-level languages usually support different data types.

Give an appropriate data type for each data value in the following table:

Data value Data type

FALSE

03/03/2013

"INTEGER"

3.5

"35"

[6]

(ii) The following is a declaration in a high-level language:

DEFINE MyGrade[1 to 100]

State the data structure of variable MyGrade.

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) An experienced programmer is presented with program code in an unfamiliar high-level

language.

State two features of the code that the programmer should be able to recognise.

1 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

2 .......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(b) (i) In the ASCII character set ‘A’ is represented by the value 65. The values representing the
other characters of the alphabet follow in sequence, so ‘B’ is represented by 66, ‘C’ by 67
and so on.

The following table represents consecutive memory locations. Each memory location
stores one byte.

Complete the table to show how the string "CAGE" may be stored in memory using the
ASCII set.

Address Data
100
101
102
103
104
105
[2]

(ii) In a high-level language, a LENGTH function is used to return the number of characters in
a string.

Explain what is stored in addition to the string characters to allow this function to
determine this number.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) Functions and procedures are subroutines.

Explain why parameters are used with subroutines.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(d) The following pseudocode is an example of a CASE structure.

CASE OF MyMark
75 to 100: MyGrade "Distinction"
35 to 74: MyGrade "Pass"
0 to 34: MyGrade "Fail"
OTHERWISE: OUTPUT "Invalid value entered"
ENDCASE

(i) Describe what will happen if the pseudocode is tested when MyMark has the following
values:

27 ......................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

101 ....................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Use pseudocode to write an IF statement with the same functionality.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [5]

Question 2 begins on the next page.

QUESTION 6. 3

1 (a) The following table contains statements written in pseudocode.

Show the type of programming construct each statement represents.

Put a tick (3) in the appropriate column for each statement.

Repetition
Statement Assignment Selection
(Iteration)
CASE OF TempSensor1
ELSE
REPEAT
ENDFOR
DayNumber DayNumber + 1
Error TRUE
[6]

(b) (i) The following table contains statements written in pseudocode.

Give the most appropriate data type for the variable used in each statement.

Statement Data type

Revision 500
FuelType 'P'
MinValue -6.3
ServiceDue FALSE
ModelRef "W212DEC15"
[5]

(ii) The following table contains statements written in pseudocode.

Complete the table by evaluating each expression using the values from part (b)(i).

If any expression is invalid, write “ERROR” in the Evaluates to column.

For the built-in functions list, refer to the Appendix on page 16.

Expression Evaluates to
"Month: " & MID(ModelRef, 5, 3)
INT(MinValue * 2)
ASC(Revision)
Revision > 500
ServiceDue = TRUE OR FuelType = 'P'
[5]

QUESTION 7. 12

6 Account information for users of a library is held in one of two text files; UserListAtoM.txt and
UserListNtoZ.txt

The format of the data held in the two files is identical. Each line of the file is stored as a string that
contains an account number, name and telephone number separated by the asterisk character
('*') as follows:

<Account Number>''<Name>''<Telephone Number>

An example of one line from the file is:

"GB1234*Kevin Mapunga*07789123456"

The account number string may be six or nine characters in length and is unique for each
person. It is made up of alphabetic and numeric characters only.

An error has occurred and the same account number has been given to different users in the two
files. There is no duplication of account numbers within each individual file.

A program is to be written to search the two files and to identify duplicate entries. The account
number of any duplicate found is to be written to an array, Duplicates, which is a 1D array of
100 elements of data type STRING.

The program is to be implemented as several modules. The outline description of three of these is
as follows:

Module Outline description

ClearArray()
• Initialise the global array Duplicates. Set all elements to the
empty string.
• Read each line from the file UserListAtoM.txt
• Check whether the account number appears in file
UserListNtoZ.txt using SearchFileNtoZ()
FindDuplicates() • If the account number does appear then add the account
number to the array.
• Output an error message and exit the module if there are more
duplicates than can be written to the array.
• Search for a given account number in file UserListNtoZ.txt
SearchFileNtoZ()
• If found, return TRUE, otherwise return FALSE

(a) State one reason for storing data in a file rather than in an array.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Write program code for the module SearchFileNtoZ().

Visual Basic and Pascal: You should include the declaration statements for variables.
Python: You should show a comment statement for each variable used with its data type.

Programming language ............................................................................................................

Program code

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [7]
© UCLES 2019 9608/21/O/N/19 [Turn over
14

(c) Write pseudocode for the module FindDuplicates().

The module description is given in the table on page 12.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [8]

(d) ClearArray() is to be modified to make it general purpose. It will be used to initialise any
1D array of data type STRING to any value.

It will now be called with three parameters as follows:

1. The array
2. The number of elements
3. The initialisation string

You should assume that the lower bound is 1.

(i) Write pseudocode for the modified ClearArray() procedure.

...........................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) Write program code for a statement that calls the modified ClearArray() procedure
to clear the array Duplicates to "Empty".

Programming language .....................................................................................................

Program code

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

Appendix
Built-in functions (pseudocode)
Each function returns an error if the function call is not properly formed.

MID(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER, y : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns a string of length y starting at position x from ThisString

Example: MID("ABCDEFGH", 2, 3) returns "BCD"

LENGTH(ThisString : STRING) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the integer value representing the length of ThisString

Example: LENGTH("Happy Days") returns 10

LEFT(ThisString : STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns leftmost x characters from ThisString

Example: LEFT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "ABC"

RIGHT(ThisString: STRING, x : INTEGER) RETURNS STRING

returns rightmost x characters from ThisString

Example: RIGHT("ABCDEFGH", 3) returns "FGH"

INT(x : REAL) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the integer part of x

Example: INT(27.5415) returns 27

NUM_TO_STRING(x : REAL) RETURNS STRING

returns a string representation of a numeric value.
Note: This function will also work if x is of type INTEGER

Example: NUM_TO_STRING(87.5) returns "87.5"

STRING_TO_NUM(x : STRING) RETURNS REAL

returns a numeric representation of a string.
Note: This function will also work if x is of type CHAR

Example: STRING_TO_NUM("23.45") returns 23.45

ASC(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS INTEGER

returns the ASCII value of ThisChar

Example: ASC('A') returns 65

CHR(x : INTEGER) RETURNS CHAR

returns the character whose ASCII value is x

Example: CHR(87) returns 'W'

UCASE(ThisChar : CHAR) RETURNS CHAR

returns the character value representing the upper case equivalent of ThisChar
If ThisChar is not a lower case alphabetic character, it is returned unchanged.

Example: UCASE('a') returns 'A'

Operators (pseudocode)

Operator Description
Concatenates (joins) two strings
&
Example: "Summer" & " " & "Pudding" produces "Summer Pudding"
Performs a logical AND on two Boolean values
AND
Example: TRUE AND FALSE produces FALSE
Performs a logical OR on two Boolean values
OR
Example: TRUE OR FALSE produces TRUE

BLANK PAGE

QUESTION 8. 8

4 The following pseudocode algorithm checks whether a string is a valid email address.

FUNCTION Check(InString : STRING) RETURNS BOOLEAN

DECLARE Index : INTEGER

DECLARE NumDots : INTEGER
DECLARE NumAts : INTEGER
DECLARE NextChar : CHAR
DECLARE NumOthers : INTEGER

NumDots 0
NumAts 0
NumOthers 0

FOR Index 1 TO LENGTH(InString)

NextChar MID(InString, Index, 1)

CASE OF NextChar
'.': NumDots NumDots + 1
'@': NumAts NumAts + 1
OTHERWISE NumOthers NumOthers + 1
ENDCASE

ENDFOR

IF (NumDots >= 1 AND NumAts = 1 AND NumOthers > 5)

THEN
RETURN TRUE
ELSE
RETURN FALSE
ENDIF

ENDFUNCTION

(a) Describe the validation rules that are implemented by this pseudocode. Refer only to the
contents of the string and not to features of the pseudocode.

...................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [3]

(b) (i) Complete the trace table by dry running the function when it is called as follows:

Result Check("Jim.99@skail.com")

Index NextChar NumDots NumAts NumOthers

[5]

(ii) State the value returned when function Check is called as shown in part (b)(i).

..................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) The function Check() is to be tested.

State two different invalid string values that could be used to test the algorithm. Each string
should test a different rule.

Justify your choices.

Value .........................................................................................................................................

Justification ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

Value .........................................................................................................................................

Justification ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................
[4]

5 Abbreviations are often used in place of a full name. Concatenating the first letter of each word in
the name makes an abbreviation.

For example:

Name Abbreviation

United Nations UN

World Wide Web WWW

British Computer Society BCS

A function, Abbreviate(), will take a string representing the full name and return a string
containing the abbreviated form.

You should assume that:

• names only contain alphabetic characters and space characters

• names always start with an alphabetic character
• each word in the name always starts with an uppercase character
• only a single space separates words in the name.

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