Rules of Procedure

Rules of procedure are utilised by most Model UN conferences to maintain order and decorum
by deciding who speaks, on what and when. This is essential as delegates put forth their points
of view and interact with other States on lengthy agendas. However, many Model UN simulations
have evolved to follow parliamentary rules of procedure which do not accurately mirror the
realities of the proceedings that take place at the UN General Assembly. In an effort to bring
Model UN procedure closer to the actual functioning of the UN, this guide hopes to highlight the
differences in procedure between MUNs and the UN and clearly lay down procedures to follow
that are more accurately aligned with realities of UN proceedings.

An international conference is an interaction between States through the medium of the

delegates, who act as representatives of States. It is through these conversations, primarily
cooperative, that much of the business at the UN progresses. Rules of procedure divide these
‘consultations’ into two kinds of discussion:

Formal Consultation
During formal proceedings, the rules of procedure are observed under the supervision of the
committee Chairperson. Delegates, during this time, are able to make speeches, answer
questions, introduce and debate resolution and amendments. The purpose of these rules is to
ensure that only one delegate speaks at any given time and to allow the Chairperson to steer the
negotiations in a constructive direction.

Informal Consultation
Delegates are in consultation with each other from the moment they arrive at the MUN or UN
until they leave. In addition to the order of business, their exchanges may be social or to pursue
other objectives. This is the type of consultation that takes place in the form of face-to-face
conversations, during which no formal rules of procedure are put into effect.

At MUN simulations in the past, the rules of procedure have figured much more prominently in
the proceedings than they do at the UN. Part of the reason for this is due to the more rigid
parliamentary rules of procedure employed at MUNs. Another reason for this is that the majority
of the proceedings of an MUN – motion, debate, negotiation, amendment and resolution – take
place during formal consultation, highlighting the need for rules of procedure and the need to
introduce motions. On the other hand, the principal mode of communication between delegates
at the UN is through face-to-face informal consultations; therefore the negotiation process does
not rely heavily on formal proceedings. Formal processes
at the UN are mainly used to provide a context for informal consultations between
delegations and to formalise agreements previously reached during these.
2

Flow of Debate: Traditional MUN Model

ROLL CALL
The Chairperson will announce each country’s name. After a delegate hears their country called, they should answer
either “present” or “present and voting”

SETTING THE AGENDA

The first order of business for the committee shall be the consideration of the agenda. The only motion in order at this time will be
in the form of “The nation of [country name] moves that [topic area x] be placed first on the agenda”. The motion requires a second
and is debatable. A provisional speakers list shall be established with two people speaking for and two people speaking against the
motion; after the provisional speakers list is exhausted, the committee shall move into an immediate vote. A simple majority is
required for the motion to pass.

A motion to proceed to the second topic area is in order only after the committee has voted on a resolution regarding the first topic
area or tabled the topic.

DEBATE

CAUCUS
SPEAKERS LIST (FORMAL DEBATE)

The Chairperson will ask all of those delegates who would Moderated Caucus
like to make a speech and to be on the speakers list to A moderated caucus is a mixture of both formal and
raise their placards. The Chairperson will then choose informal debate. When a motion for a moderated caucus
delegates to be placed on the speakers list. After a country is passed, the Chair calls upon delegates as they raise
has spoken, they may be added on the speakers list again their placards to address the committee for a specific
by sending a note to the Chairperson saying: “the amount of time.
delegation of (country name) would like to be added to
the speakers list”.

Speaking time is set through a motion from a delegate. If Unmoderated Caucus

no motions are made, the default time is 90 seconds. An un-moderated caucus is a temporary recess. Rules of
When the committee is in formal debate all rules of procedure are suspended during caucusing. During this
procedure are enforced. time delegates can meet informally with each other and
the committee staff to discuss draft resolutions and other
issues.

Working Papers and Draft Resolutions

Delegations work together to create resolutions. In
addition, delegates may present amendments to these
documents, which are changes to draft resolutions.

END OF LIST CLOSURE OF DEBATE

Once the speakers list has been exhausted, the Once a delegate feels that they have made their country’s
committee will automatically move to immediate position clear and that there are enough draft resolutions
voting procedures. on the floor, he or she may make a motion to proceed into
voting procedure by moving for the closure of debate.

Source: UNA-USA
VOTING PROCEDURES
Once a motion to close debate has been approved, the committee moves into voting procedures. Amendments are
voted upon first, then resolutions. Once all of the resolutions are voted upon, the committee can move to the next topic
 EKMUN

Flow of Debate: UN General Assembly Model

QUORUM
The quorum, or number of member states who need to be present for the meeting to open is one-third in the Plenary and one-
fourth in the Main Committee. The Chairperson will announce each country’s name, after a delegate hears their country called,
they should answer “present”.

THE AGENDA
The provisional agenda shall be drawn up by the Secretary-General and communicated to all delegations prior to the start of the
conference. The provisional agenda of the conference will include relevant documents and reports as well as the order in which the
issues will be considered at the conference. The second topic area is considered only after the committee has dealt with a resolution
regarding the first topic area or tabled the topic.

DEBATE

INFORMAL CONSULTATIONS:
Although ‘caucus’ types of meeting do occur, this
parliamentary terminology is not used at the UN.
FORMAL CONSULTATIONS

The Speaker’s List may be drawn up based on delegates’ Formal Informal

messages from delegates in advance of the conference.
Alternatively, the Chairperson will ask all of those When a motion to suspend the meeting for a formal
delegates who would like to make a speech and to be on informal is passed, the Chair calls upon delegates as they
the speakers list to raise their placards. The Chairperson raise their placards to address the committee for a
will then choose delegates to be placed on the speakers specific amount of time.
list. After a country has spoken, they may be added on the
speakers list again by sending a note to the Chairperson
saying: “the delegation of (country name) would like to be Informal Informal
added to the speakers list”. There are no yields. An informal informal is a temporary recess during which
rules of procedure are suspended for negotiation.
If no motions are made, the default time will be Delegates can meet informally with each other and the
mentioned in the Programme of Work, usually set at 90 committee staff to discuss the issue and merge
seconds. When the committee is in formal debate all rules resolutions. These take up a majority of committee time.
of procedure are enforced.

Draft Resolutions
Delegates divide into regional or political blocs to agree
END OF SPEAKERS’ LIST on resolution language within their group. Each group
With the permission of the representatives present, the merges with another, until one resolution is on the floor.
President/Chairperson may declare the list closed. The
President/Chairperson may however accord the right of
reply to any member if a speech delivered after the closing CLOSURE OF DEBATE
of the list makes this desirable. Once regional and political groupings have merged their
texts into one acceptable by the whole committee,
delegates may move for closure of debate to adopt the
resolution by consensus. If the committee fails to reach
consensus, then voting may occur.

ADOPTION BY CONSENSUS
The Chair simply states that the resolution has been adopted by consensus, and forwards the resolution to the Plenary. In the
case that consensus cannot be achieved, debate can either be tabled (No-Action) or closed (Voting). Amendments are voted upon
first, then resolutions. Once the resolution is voted upon, the committee can move to the next topic on the agenda.
 Rules of Procedure

I. OPENING THE DEBATE

1. Setting The Agenda:

Rule 1: The provisional agenda for the conference shall be drawn up by the Secretary-
General and communicated to all delegations at least two months before the start of the
conference.

Rule 2: The provisional agenda of the conference shall include:

a) Reports on the themes selected for each conference; and,
b) All items which the Secretary-General deems necessary to put
before the delegations;
c) The order in which issues will be considered in the meeting.
Rule 3: At each conference, the provisional agenda shall be submitted to the meeting for
approval during the opening session.

2. Minute of silent prayer or meditation:

Rule 4: Immediately after the opening of the first meeting and preceding the closing of
the final meeting, the President/Chairperson shall invite the representatives to observe
one minute of silent prayer or meditation.

II. CONDUCT OF BUSINESS

3. Speeches:

Rule 5: No representative may address the meeting without having previously obtained
permission of the President/Chairperson. The President/Chairperson shall call upon
speakers in the order in which they signify their desire to speak after adding them to the
Speaker’s List. The President/Chairperson may call out a speaker if his or her remarks are
not relevant to the subject under discussion.

4. Time Limit on Speeches:

Rule 6: The meeting may limit the time to be allowed to each speaker and the number of
times each representative may speak on any question. Before a decision is taken, two
representatives may speak in favour of, and two against a proposal to set a time limit
which will then be put to vote. When the debate is limited and a representative
 EKMUN 5

exceeds his or her allotted time, the President/Chairperson shall call the speaker to
order without delay.

5. Points of Order:

Rule 7: During the discussion of any matter, a representative may raise a ‘point of order’
if the delegate believes that the President/Chairperson is not following the Rules of
Procedure or not being sufficiently active in ensuring that other representatives do so.
The point of order shall be immediately ruled on by the President/Chairperson in
accordance with the rules of procedure. If a delegate feels that the ruling of the
President/Chairperson is incorrect, they may appeal against the ruling. The appeal is put
to a vote and the decision of the President/Chairperson could be overruled by a majority
of the members present and voting.

 There is a widely used convention for signaling to the President/Chairman that

the reason that the delegate is asking for the floor is to raise a ‘point of order’
rather than simply to be put on the Speaker’s List, the delegate makes a ‘T’
with their hand and placard.

6. Closing of List of Speakers; Right to Reply:

Rule 8: During the course of the debate, the President/Chairperson may announce the list
of speakers and, with the permission of the representatives present, declare the list
closed. The president/Chairperson may however accord the right of reply to any member
if a speech delivered after the closing of the list makes this desirable. Right of reply is not
used under any other circumstances.

III. MOTIONS

7. Suspension of Meeting:

Rule 9: The meeting may be suspended for a limited amount of time upon request by a
representative or the President/Chairperson. Such matters will not be debated but will
immediately be put to a vote. A suspended meeting is resumed on the same day. This
motion is used to break for informal consultations, and for lunch and tea breaks.

8. Adjournment of Meeting:

Rule 10: During the discussion of any matter, a representative may motion for the
adjournment of the meeting. Such motions will not be debated but immediately put to a
vote. Any continued consideration of an item on the agenda will take place at
another meeting on another day. This motion can be used at the end of the
day.
6

9. Adjournment of Debate:

Rule 11: During the discussion of any matter, a representative may propose the motion
to adjourn the debate on the item under discussion. In addition to the proposer of the
motion, two representatives may speak for the motion and two representatives may
speak against, after which the proposal will be put to a vote. Adjournment of debate ends
parts or all of the agenda item being discussed during the conference. This can be used to
block action on specific draft resolution and is known as a ‘no-action motion’.

10. Closure of Debate:

Rule 12: A representative may at any time motion for the closure of debate on the item
under discussion, whether or not the representative has signified their wish to speak. A
representative can motion for this after they feel that sufficient progress has been made
on draft resolutions, and they are ready to be adopted by consensus, or to be forced to a
vote. Permission to speak on the closure of the debate shall be accorded only to two
speakers opposing the closure, after which the motion shall be immediately put to vote.
If the meeting votes in favour of this motion, the President/Chairperson shall declare the
closure of the debate.

11. Order of Procedural Motions:

Rule 13: Subject to Rule 8, the motions indicated below shall have precedence in the
following order over all the other procedures or motions in the meeting:
a) To suspend the meeting;
b) To adjourn the meeting;
c) To adjourn debate on the item under discussion;
d) To close debate on the item under discussion.

IV. DRAFT RESOLUTIONS

12. Tabling Draft Resolution:

Rule 14: Any member state may submit a draft resolution to the Secretary for which no
minimum percentage of support is required. However since resolutions are aimed to be
adopted by consensus, it is advised that representatives build multilateral support
before tabling draft resolutions.
 EKMUN 7

13. Proposals and Amendments:

Rule 15: Proposals and amendments on a tabled draft resolution/decisions shall be

submitted are either formally submitted in writing to Secretary, issued as ‘L-documents’
or proposed orally from the floor, if no member objects.

Rule 16: When an amendment is moved to a proposal, the amendment shall be voted on
first. When two or more amendments are moved to a proposal, the committee shall first
vote on the amendment furthest removed in substance from the original proposal and
then on the amendment next furthest removed therefrom, and so on until all the
amendments have been put to the vote. Where, however, the adoption of one
amendment necessarily implies the rejection of another amendment, the latter
amendment shall not be put to the vote. If one or more amendments are adopted, the
amended proposal shall then be considered or voted upon. A motion is considered an
amendment to a proposal if it merely adds to, deletes from or revises part of the proposal.

Rule 17: A member can request division of proposals, i.e. a separate vote on paragraphs
or parts of the draft resolution or amendment before the adoption of the whole text. This
applies to parts of a paragraph, an entire paragraph or several paragraphs. If the request
is challenged, there will be a vote to decide whether the proposal can be divided such
that the paragraph(s) can be voted on separately to the rest of the draft resolution. After
two delegates each have spoken for and against the request, there will be a vote based
on simple majority. If by majority, the request is passed, immediately after the voting on
the paragraph, the entire draft resolution will be considered. If all operative parts of the
proposal or of the amendment have been rejected, the proposal or the amendment shall
be considered to have been rejected as a whole.

14. Voting on draft resolution:

Rule 18: It is assumed that draft resolutions will be adopted by consensus and therefore
shall not require voting. However, in the event that the draft resolution cannot be
accepted by consensus, the meeting will go into a vote.

Rule 19: If all operative paragraphs of a draft resolution are rejected, the draft resolution
will be considered rejected as a whole.

V. VOTING

15. Voting Rights:

Rule 19: Each member state of the meeting shall have one vote.
8 Rules of Procedure

16. Majority Required:

Rule 20: Decisions of the General Assembly meeting shall be made by a simple majority
of the members present and voting, except on important questions including
recommendations with respect to the maintenance of international peace and security,
the suspension of the rights and privileges of membership, the expulsion of Members,
and budgetary questions. This applies to both draft resolutions and amendments.

17. Method of voting:

Rule 22: The meeting shall normally vote by a show of hands or by standing but any
representative may request a roll-call vote. The roll-call will be taken in alphabetical order,
and when called, the representative shall answer “yes”, “no” or “abstention”.

18. Conduct during voting:

Rule 23: After the President/Chairperson has announced the beginning of voting, no
delegate shall interrupt the voting unless on a point of order in connection with the actual
voting procedure. The President/Chairperson may permit members to explain their vote
either before or after the voting. The time given for these explanations may be limited by
the President/Chairperson. The President/Chairperson shall not permit the proposer of
an amendment to explain his vote on his own proposal or amendment.

19. Equally divided votes:

Rule 24: If a vote is equally divided on any matter, the President/Chairman shall decide if
a second vote shall be taken. If the second vote also results in an equally divided situation,
the proposal shall be regarded as rejected.