SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

A Project Report Submitted by

DOLLY SHAH – 92210151006

VATSAL VAMJA – 92210151008
RONAK LODARIYA – 92210151012
PRIYANSHI AJAGIYA – 92210151013

in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Computer Engineering-AI

Faculty of Technology
Marwadi University, Rajkot

April, 2024

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 SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

Marwadi University
Faculty of Technology
Computer Engineering- AI
2023-2024

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

has been carried out by DOLLY SHAH (92210151006) under my guidance

in partial fulfilment of termwork , for the subject Software Engineering of 6th

semester in Computer Engineering-AI department of Marwadi University,

Rajkot during the academic year 2023-24.

Date: ____________________

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Dr.Madhu Shukla Dr.Madhu Shukla

Associate Professor Associate Professor

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 SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

Marwadi University
Faculty of Technology
Computer Engineering- AI
2023-2024

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

has been carried out by VATSAL VAMJA (92210151008) under my

guidance in partial fulfilment of termwork , for the subject Software

Engineering of 6th semester in Computer Engineering-AI department of

Marwadi University, Rajkot during the academic year 2023-24.

Date: ____________________

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Dr.Madhu Shukla Dr.Madhu Shukla

Associate Professor Associate Professor

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 SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

Marwadi University
Faculty of Technology
Computer Engineering- AI
2023-2024

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

has been carried out by RONAK LODARIYA (92210151012) under my

guidance in partial fulfilment of termwork, for the subject Software

Engineering of 6th semester in Computer Engineering-AI department of

Marwadi University, Rajkot during the academic year 2023-24.

Date: ____________________

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Dr.Madhu Shukla Dr.Madhu Shukla

Associate Professor Associate Professor

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 SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

Marwadi University
Faculty of Technology
Computer Engineering- AI
2023-2024

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled SMART CITY MANAGEMENT

has been carried out by PRIYANSHI AJAGIYA (92210151013) under my

guidance in partial fulfilment of termwork , for the subject Software

Engineering of 6th semester in Computer Engineering-AI department of

Marwadi University, Rajkot during the academic year 2023-24.

Date: ____________________

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Dr.Madhu Shukla Dr.Madhu Shukla

Associate Professor Associate Professor

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Index
Index……………………………………………………………..………….6
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………7
Index(sample)……………………………………………………………….8
Institute’s Vision And Mission……………………………………………...9
Institute’s Vision…………………………… …………………………….9
Institute’s Mission………………..………………………………………...9
Department’s Vision……………………………………………………….10
Department’s Mission…………………………………………..………….10
Peo, Po And Pso…………………………………………….……………..11
Program Educational Objectives (Peo)……………………………..……...11
Program Outcomes (Pos) ……………………………………………..……12
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)……………………………………….13
Abstract……………………………………………………………………15
List Of Figures …………………………………………………………….16
1.0 Introduction …………………………………………………………....16
1.1 Project Summary ………………………………………………..16
1.2 Purpose ………………………………………………………….16
1.3 Scope ……………………………………………………………16
1.4 Technology and Literature Review……………………………...17
2.0 Project Management
2.1 Project Planning and Scheduling………………………………..18
2.2 Risk Management ………………………………………………19
2.3 Estimation……………………………………………………….22
3.0 System Requirements Study…………………………………………....23
3.1 User Characteristics …………………………………………….23
3.2 Hardware and Software Requirements …………………………24
3.3 Constraints………………………………………………………24
4.0 System Analysis ……………………………………………………….25
4.1 Study of Current System………………………………………...25
4.2 Problem and Weaknesses of the Current System……………….26
4.3 Requirements of New Syste……………………………………..26
4.4 Feasibility Study ………………………………………………..27
4.5 Requirements Validation ……………………………………….27
4.6 Functions Of System…………………………………………….28
4.7 Data Modeling…………………………………………………..28
4.7.1. E-R diagram ………………………………..……….…29
4.7.2. system activity ………………………..………………29
4.7.3. data dictionary……………………………..………….30
5.0 System Design ……………………………………………………… 34
5.1 Database Design/Data Structure Design………………………...35
5.2 System Procedural Design………………………………………36
5.3 Input/Output and Interface Design……………………………...37
5.4 System Architecture Design …………………………………….37
6.0 Implementation Planning and Details………………………………….38
6.1 Implementation Environment …………………………………..38
6.2 Program/Modules Specification………………………………...39
6.3 Security Features………………………………………………...39
6.4 Coding Standards………………………………………………..40
6.5 Sample Coding…………………………………………………..41
7.0 Testing …………………………………………………………………42
8.0 Screenshots and User Manual………………………………………….43
9.0 Limitation and Future Enhancement …………………………………..46
10.0 Conclusion and Discussion …………………………………………..47
References………………………………………………………………….48
Experience………………………………………………………………….50

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Acknowledgments

Sincerely, We want to thank Dr.Madhu Shukla and Mr.Genetu Minie for all of their
assistance and support during this project. Their assistance and expertise were essential to
its successful completion.who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful project
on the topic SMART CITY MANAGEMENT which also helped us doing a lot of
research and we came across lot of new things.Furthermore, we acknowledge the
contributions of the open-source community for providing resources, libraries, and tools
that facilitated the development process.

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Index
Institute’s Vision and Mission............................................................................................. 9
Department’s Vision and Mission.....................................................................................10
PEO, POs and PSOs ..........................................................................................................11
Abstract............................................................................................................................... 14

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Institute’s Vision and Mission

Institute’s Vision

Our vision is to address challenges facing our society and planet through sterile education
that builds capacity of our students and empower them through their innovative thinking
practice and character building that will ultimately manifest to boost creativity and
responsibility utilizing the limited natural resources to meet with the challenges of the
21st century.

Institute’s Mission

 To Produce creative, responsible and informed professionals

 To produce individuals who are digital-age literates, inventive thinkers, effective

communicators and highly productive.

 To deliver cost-effective quality education

 To offer world-class, cross-disciplinary education in strategic sectors of economy

though well devised and synchronized delivery structure and system, designed to
tackle the creative intelligence and enhance the productivity of individuals.

 To provide a conducive environment that enables and promotes individuals to

creatively interact, coordinate, disseminate and examine change, opinion as well
as concept that will enable students to experience higher level of learning acquired
through ceaseless effort that lead to the development of character, confidence,
values and technical skills.

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Department’s Vision and Mission

Department’s Vision

To impart quality technical education through research, innovation and teamwork for
creating professionally superior and ethically strong manpower that meet the global
challenges of engineering industries and research organization in the area of Computer
Engineering.

Department’s Mission

 Maintain a vital, state-of-the art ICT enabled teaching and learning methodologies,
which provides its students and faculty with opportunities to create, interpret,
apply and disseminate knowledge.

 Enable graduates in becoming digital age literates, innovators, efficient

communicators and result oriented professionals.

 Dedicate itself to providing its students with the skills, knowledge and attitudes
that will allow its graduates to succeed as engineers, leaders, professionals and
entrepreneurs.

 Prepare its graduates for life-long learning to meet intellectual, ethical and career
challenges.

 Inspire graduates for competitive exam higher education as well as research and
development.

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PEO, PO and PSO

Program Educational Objectives (PEO):

The program educational objectives for the Computer Engineering program describe
accomplishments that graduates are expected to attain within four years after graduation.
The Computer Engineering program educational objectives are to produce graduates who:

 Function and communicate effectively to solve technical problems.

 Advance professionally to roles of greater computer engineering responsibilities,

and/or by transitioning into leadership position in business, government, and/or
education.

 Participate in life-long learning through the successful completion of advanced

degrees, continuing education, and/or engineering certification(s)/licensure or
other professional development.

 Demonstrate a commitment to community by applying technical skills and

knowledge to support various service activities.

 Assume positions of leadership and responsibility within an organization and

progress through advanced degree or certificate programs in engineering, business,
and other professionally related fields.

Program Outcomes (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

PO1: Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,

engineering fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.

PO2: Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze
complex engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.

PO3: Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering

problems and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with
appropriate consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and
environmental considerations.

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PO4: Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge

and research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.

PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources,
and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex
engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.

PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent
responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.

PO7: Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional

engineering solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the
knowledge of, and need for sustainable development.

PO8: Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and
responsibilities and norms of the engineering practice.

PO9: Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a

member or leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.

PO10: Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities

with the engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.

PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of

the engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.

PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability
to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological
change.

Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

PSO1. Students shall demonstrate skills, the knowledge and competence in the analysis,
design and development of computer based systems addressing industrial and social
issues.

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PSO2. Students shall have competence to take challenges associated with future
technological issues associated with security, wearable devices, augmented reality,
Internet of Anything etc.

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Abstract

This website proves to be helpful to various government departments of any city. Using it
one can register him/her using the registration system and can give any complaints to the
government along with the photos and the location online. There will be various admin
departments that solves and handles the complaints registered in respective departments.
Also viewers can provide any suggestion regarding the website from the home page.One
of the standout features of the website is its innovative complaint management system,
which revolutionizes the way grievances are addressed and resolved. Citizens now have
the power to lodge complaints online, providing detailed descriptions, accompanying
photos, and precise location data to highlight issues ranging from traffic congestion and
educational shortcomings to healthcare deficiencies and environmental concerns. This
digitized process not only expedites the reporting process but also ensures transparency
and accountability in addressing citizen grievances.In addition to complaint management,
the website offers a lively venue for community participation and feedback. Visitors to
the site are encouraged to share their thoughts and comments, which promotes ongoing
debate and collaborative problem-solving. This free interchange of ideas encourages civic
responsibility and active participation in the governance process, resulting in positive
change and a stronger sense of communal solidarity.

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List Of Figures

Figure 1: Schedule Representation……...……………………………………….14

Figure 2: Cost Analysis……...……………………………………………………14

Figure 3: Use Cases……...………………………………………………………...15

Figure 4: Class Diagram……...…………………………………………………...15
Figure 5: System Activity……...………………………………………………….21
Figure 6: Context Diagram……...…………………………………………………22
Figure 7: Data flow diagram……...…………………………………………….….24
Figure 8: Flow chart……...…………………………………………………….….28
Figure9:SystemArchitectureDesign ……...………………………………………..29

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT SUMMARY

Our Smart City plan is a comprehensive urban development strategy that employs
technology and community engagement to address crucial issues such as water scarcity,
Traffic problem, healthcare access, education, and waste management. The project's main
purpose is to empower people by giving them a forum to express their problems, discuss
ideas, and participate in decision-making.We mainly focus on the current development
of the city.We even receive the feedback from the user and we take it in a positive way.
This provide that smart city management to the users of particular city they are living in.
This help us to solve problem according to the departments.

1.2 PURPOSE
The fundamental purpose of our project is to establish a sustainable and inclusive urban
environment through the use of technology to improve infrastructure and services such as
water management, traffic congestion reduction, healthcare access, education delivery
transformation, and waste management optimization.

1.3 SCOPE
The platform will offer a number of features to help people improve their city's
infrastructure and services. These features include user registration and login procedures
that allow users to create accounts and have secure access to the website. After logging in,
users will be sent to a dashboard where they may access various services and provide
input on problems they have in their everyday life.The project will create an online
platform where customers may sign up, log in, comment on urban concerns, and review
previous and current problem responses..Even in more faster and efficiency way.

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1.4 Technology

Technology is crucial in the creation of our Smart City platform, as it allows for efficient
communication, data management, and user interaction. Here's an outline of the major
technologies we'll use during the project: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are web
development technologies that are required to create the platform's user interface. HTML
provides structure, CSS styles the appearance, and JavaScript improves interactivity and
functionality on websites.

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2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT

2.1 PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULING

2.1.1 Project Development Approach

We will take an agile development approach that allows for iterative development and
continuous feedback. This technique promotes flexibility and adaptability to changing
requirements, which is congruent with the dynamic nature of metropolitan places.

2.1.2 Project Plan

The project plan will define milestones, deliverables, roles, responsibilities, and
dependencies. Technology installation, community participation, and evaluation phases
are all crucial. Roles and responsibilities must be clearly specified in order to ensure
accountability and collaboration.Further we would live to expand in future and provide
many other department problem section in future.

2.1.3 Schedule Representation

Figure 1

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2.2 RISK MANAGEMENT

2.2.1 Risk Identification

Technical Dangers:-
Compatibility issues: Browser interpretations of JavaScript, HTML, and CSS may cause
inconsistencies in website functioning and appearance.
Security flaws: If PHP code is not properly secured, it is vulnerable to security assaults,
which can result in data breaches or unauthorized access.
Database errors: Problems with SQL queries or database connectivity can cause data loss
or destruction.

The operational hazards include:-

Server outage: If the hosting server fails, users' ability to access the website and submit
comments may be hampered.
User data privacy: Because collecting user input requires the handling of sensitive data,
there is a risk of privacy breaches if suitable security measures are not in place.
Difficulties with Maintenance: Reviewing the website and fixing any problems that
develop over time could necessitate constant

Feedback Quality:- It is possible to obtain low-quality or irrelevant feedback, which can

impede decision-making and reduce the effectiveness of urban problem solving

2.2.2 Risk Analysis

Problems with compatibility:

The way that HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are interpreted by different browsers can cause
variations in a website's functionality and look on different platforms.
Method of Mitigation: Conduct thorough testing to ensure that functionality and
appearance are consistent across all devices and browsers. Provide polyfills or fallbacks
for features that might not be available everywhere.
Weaknesses in cybersecurity:
Insufficient security protocols inside PHP code may leave the website vulnerable to many
security risks, such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and unapproved access.

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Method of Mitigation: Put into practice strong security measures including parameterized
queries, secure authentication methods, and input validation. To reduce vulnerabilities,
patch security holes in software and update it often.
Database Errors:
Issues with SQL queries or database connectivity may result in data loss, corruption, or
inconsistent retrieval.
Mitigation Strategy: Implement error-handling techniques to swiftly detect and resolve
database issues. Backup your data on a regular basis and examine the transactional
integrity.
Operational Risks:
Server Outage:Downtime or outages on the hosting server can disrupt users' access to the
website, reducing their ability to leave comments and access critical information.
Mitigation Strategy: Use redundant hosting choices or cloud-based solutions to ensure
high availability. Set up monitoring methods to proactively detect and respond to server
problems.
User Data Privacy:The collection and handling of sensitive user data for feedback
presents privacy risks if proper security measures are not in place.
Mitigation Strategy: To preserve user privacy, adhere to data protection rules such as
GDPR and use encryption, access limits, and data anonymization methods. Regularly
review and update privacy rules and user consent procedures.
Maintenance Challenges:Ongoing maintenance and troubleshooting may be required to
solve long-term concerns such as software updates, bug repairs, and performance
optimizations.
Mitigation Strategy: Set up a maintenance schedule and assign particular workers to
monitor, update, and optimize the website. Use version control and documentation to help
team members communicate and share information.
Low-quality feedback:
Low-quality or irrelevant feedback may impede the effectiveness of urban problem-
solving initiatives by providing inaccurate or misleading information.
Mitigation Strategy: Implement measures to ensure feedback quality and relevance, such
as establishing explicit submission guidelines, incorporating validation tools to filter out
spam or irrelevant inputs, and allowing community moderation to flag and examine
questionable remarks.

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Feedback:
Feedback from a subset of users or biased sources may skew perceptions about urban
challenges and objectives, leading to poor decision-making.
Mitigation Strategy: Implement strategies to broaden feedback sources and ensure
representation from varied demographics and stakeholders. Random sampling or outreach
activities might help you engage a varied range of people in your neighborhood.

2.2.3 Risk Planning

Technical Risks:
Compatibility Issues: During development, conduct extensive browser compatibility
testing and include fallback choices for unsupported features.
Security flaws: Use secure programming approaches such as input validation and
parameterized queries, and perform frequent security audits and updates.
Database issues: To reduce the effect of database difficulties, implement error handling
mechanisms and perform regular backups.

Operational Risks:
Server Outage: Use redundant hosting solutions or cloud-based platforms with strong
availability assurances, and use proactive monitoring techniques.
User Data Privacy: Adhere to data protection rules, install encryption and access controls,
and conduct regular privacy audits.
Maintenance Challenges: Create a maintenance schedule and assign resources for
frequent monitoring, upgrading, and optimization.

Feedback Quality:Consider the factors that may contribute to biased input, such as
feedback provider demographics, feedback collection techniques, and the potential impact
of vested interests.
Consider historical data or prior experiences to assess the likelihood of receiving biased
comments in similar situations.
Engage stakeholders and subject matter experts in identifying potential sources of bias
and estimating their chances of occurrence.

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2.3 ESTIMATION
2.3.1 Effort Estimation

Task Breakdown:
So basically we have files related to login, insert feedback, register, logout etc.
Admin Breakdown:
Where the admin has a power for the delete feedback, manage user, dashboard.

Resource Requirements:
Frontend developers are in charge of developing and implementing the user interface with
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Backend developers are responsible for designing server-side logic and database
management in PHP.
Xampp: For the localhost where we can showcase our fully functionality of our website.

2.3.2 Cost Analysis

Figure 2

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3.0 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS STUDY

3.1 User Characteristics

General Public:
This category includes community people who will use the website to gather information,
provide feedback on urban issues, and stay up to date on problem-solving initiatives.
User characteristics such as age, education level, technical skill, and socioeconomic
background can differ substantially.

Administrators or Moderators:
These are the users in charge of monitoring and overseeing the website's content, which
includes evaluating and approving user input, responding to requests, and assuring the
website's functionality and security.
User characteristics may include understanding of website administration, decision-
making authority, and the ability to handle sensitive or confidential data.

Registered users:
Users who have previously registered an account on the website can have access to extra
services such as logging in to submit feedback, tracking their contribution history.
User characteristics may include increased internet use and a need for personalized
services or communication.

Technical Support Personnel:

These are the people in charge of offering technical assistance and troubleshooting
services to website visitors who are experiencing problems with registration, submission,
or website functionality.
Strong technical knowledge, patience, and strong communication abilities can help users
with varied levels of technical expertise.

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3.2 Hardware and Software Requirements

Hardware:
There is a requirement of some amount of RAM to run the website as it contains some
average level graphics. The minimum RAM should be 2GB or more .
There's no requirement of ROM for the website to run.

Software:
User side: A browser that supports most languages.
Admin side: Oracle database, Sublime Text 3, Visual Studio.

3.3 Constraints

Technical constraints:
To reach a large audience, ensure that your website is compatible with a wide range of
web browsers and devices.
Performance: Meeting performance standards to enable quick loading times and a smooth
user experience, particularly in places with restricted internet access.
Implementing strong security measures to safeguard user data, prevent illegal access, and
reduce cybersecurity risks.

Content Constraints:
Content Quality: Make certain that all content on the website is correct, relevant, and
trustworthy, including departmental information, problem reports, and feedback
responses.
Content management comprises developing effective content management systems and
workflows that make it easier for website administrators and moderators to create,
moderate, and update material.

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4.0 SYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 Study of Current System

It is crucial to perform a comprehensive analysis of the current system before diving into
the specifications and design of our smart city management system. Currently, a variety
of city administration duties, including traffic monitoring, garbage collection scheduling,
energy usage tracking, and emergency response coordination, may be handled manually
and using a variety of separate instruments. Inefficiencies, data silos, and a lack of
interoperability across various city departments and organizations are frequently the
outcome of these disjointed systems. Furthermore, proactive decision-making and the
improvement of city services are hampered by the absence of real-time data integration
and analytics capabilities. By doing this study, we hope to pinpoint the system's
advantages, disadvantages, and weak points, giving important information that will guide
the creation of our integrated smart city.

4.2 Problems and Weaknesses of the Current System

Limited Data Accessibility: Lack of a centralized platform may make it challenging to

access and evaluate data from numerous city agencies, which could lead to poor decision-
making and coordination.
Submission of input via hand: Depending just on hand processes to provide feedback on
issues pertaining to the city might result in mistakes and hold ups, as well as complicate
the process of gathering and evaluating data.
Lack of Real-time Monitoring: Local governments may find it more difficult to react
swiftly and take preventative action if they are unable to keep an eye on issues like waste
management, water quality, education, traffic, and health in real-time.
Inadequate User Engagement: While the system allows users to provide feedback and
report concerns, there may be few avenues for engaging users and encouraging active
participation, potentially resulting to a lack of accurate data on city issues.
Data Privacy and Security Concerns: Collecting and retaining user-submitted data, such
as location information and photos, may result in privacy and security concerns if
adequate controls are not in place to protect sensitive information from unauthorized
access or exploitation.

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4.3 Requirements of New System

The goal of creating a new smart city management system is to improve efficiency,
responsiveness, and sustainability by utilizing emerging technology and addressing the
deficiencies of the current system. One of the main goals of the new system is to enable
real-time data sharing and collaboration throughout local departments and organizations
through seamless integration and interoperability. To facilitate data-driven decision-
making and predictive insights for proactive municipal administration, the system must
include advanced analytics capabilities. It should also give top priority to user-centric
design concepts in order to guarantee accessibility and ease of use for city officials,
service providers, and citizens all at the same time. Ensuring compliance with privacy
requirements and protecting sensitive data and infrastructure from cyber threats requires
the implementation of strong security measures.

4.4 Feasibility Study

First, we assess the system's congruence with the overarching goals of urban expansion
and municipal management. We verify that the system is consistent with the city's long-
term vision and objectives by evaluating how it addresses critical urban concerns and
improves residents' quality of life.
Second, we look at the technological feasibility of executing the system. We determine
whether the chosen technologies (HTML, CSS, and PHP) can adequately support the
system's functionality. We also evaluate any potential restrictions or compatibility
difficulties and recommend solutions to address them.
Third, we evaluate the system's practicality within the budget and schedule restrictions.
We analyze if the project can be completed within the resources and timescale provided
by conducting detailed budgeting and schedule studies. We identify possible cost drivers,
such as technology purchases or labor requirements, and propose mitigation techniques to
maximize resource use.
Finally, we look at how the system integrates with current city infrastructure and services.
By assessing compatibility with older systems, data interoperability standards, and
integration protocols, we ensure that city departments and agencies work together and
share information seamlessly. This integrated capability improves efficiency, decision-
making, and general urban management.

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4.5 Requirements Validation

Criteria validation for our smart city management system entails ensuring that the defined
criteria accurately represent the solution required by our stakeholders. This is
accomplished through stakeholder meetings, prototyping, user testing, and a thorough
document review. By consulting stakeholders, testing prototypes, and analyzing
documentation, we ensure that the requirements match stakeholder expectations, resulting
in the creation of a successful system that satisfies their needs.

4.6 Functions Of System

4.6.1 Use Cases, event trace or scenario

Figure 3

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4.7 Data Modeling

4.7.1 Class Diagram/ E-R diagrams

Figure 4

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4.7.2 System Activity or Object interaction Diagram

Figure 5

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4.7.3 Data Dictionary

REGISTER TABLE

Field_Name Data_type Data_Format Field_Size Description Example

Name Text Not-Null 20 Full name Yash amitbhai joshi
same as a
adhar card
E-mail Text Not -null 20 User email Yashjoshi@gmail.com
ID
Phone Number Not-null 10 User phone 1234567890
number number
D.O.B. Date DD/MM/YYYY Date of 10-10-2021
birth
Adhar number Not-null 14 User 9090909189
Card NO. Adhar
card
number
Password Pad Not-null 8 8 character Vkqwe234[]
password

LOGIN TABLE

Field_name Data_type Data_Format Field_size Description Example

Email text Not_null Email or Abc@gmail.com
ID/user 20 user name
name as register
Password pswd Not_null Password Qtqt122//2
8 for login

MANAGER TABLE

Field_name Data_type Data_format Field_size description

Name text not_null 20 Full name
Email text not_null 20 Manager email id
Phone number not_null 10 Manager phone
number no
D.O.B DD/MM/YYYY not_null Date of birth
Aadhar card number not_null 14 Aadhar card no
no.
Password pswd not_null 8 Manager login
password
Graduation text not_null 10 Manager
graduation

EMPLOYEE TABLE

Field_name Data_type Data_format Field_size description

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Name text not_null 20 Full name

Email text not_null 20 employee email id
Phone number not_null 10 employee phone
number no
D.O.B DD/MM/YYYY not_null Date of birth
Aadhar card number not_null 14 Aadhar card no
no.
Password pswd not_null 8 employee login
password
Graduation text not_null 10 Employee
graduation

PROBLEM SOLVING

Field_name Data_type Data_format Field_size description Example

Admin ID int not_null 5 Admin ID 1235
no.
Read text not_null 50 Complain Water
complain read issues in
axar
mandir
Action text not_null 50 Action on Water
complain issue
solved

COMPLAIN REGISTER TABLE

Field_name Data_type Data_format Field_size Description Example

User Text Not_null 10 User ID ABS123
Complain Text Not_null 50 complain Water
issuessSSss

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4.8 Functional and Behavioral Modeling

4.8.1 Context Diagram

Figure 6

4.8.2 Data Flow Diagram

4.9 Main Modules Of New System

User Management Module: This module manages user registration, authentication, and
profile information. It provides secure access to the system to a diverse group of users,
including municipal officials, citizens, and administrators.
The Problem Reporting Module allows people to report a variety of issues and complaints
concerning city management, such as traffic congestion, trash collection, infrastructure
issues, and public safety concerns. Users can send problem reports that include pertinent
details such as location, description, and photographs.

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The Feedback and Communication Module improves communication between users and
city officials. It enables users to receive progress updates on their problem reports,
comment on actions made by authorities, and participate in discussions with other users
and officials.

4.10 Selection Of Hardware and Software and Justification

When choosing hardware for the smart city administration website, a minimum of 2GB of
RAM is necessary to handle average-level graphics and assure seamless operation,
although ROM is not explicitly required due to the website's dynamic content production.
On the software side, users require a browser that supports several languages, while
administrators require tools such as Oracle Database for data administration, Sublime
Text 3 for code editing, and Visual Studio for complete development support. These
options ensure that the smart city management system performs optimally, handles data
efficiently, and has seamless development and maintenance operations.

5.0 System Design

5.1 Database Design/Data Structure Design
5.1.1 Mapping objects/classes to tables ( if non OO languages)

A relational database strategy is commonly used to map objects or classes to tables inside
a smart city management system, particularly when non-object-oriented (OO) languages
are employed. Each object or class in the system corresponds to a database table, with
columns reflecting the object's properties and rows representing its instances or records.
Each entity, such as users, problem reports, feedback, and administrative settings, would

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have its own table, with columns displaying attributes such as user ID, problem
description, location, feedback status, and so on. Foreign key limitations define
associations between objects or classes, ensuring data integrity while also allowing for
fast querying and processing of relational data.

5.1.2 Tables and Relationship

Several significant tables and their accompanying links provide the basis for our smart
city management project's data management. The User table stores user information,
including User ID, Username, Password, and Email Feedback on resolved issues is
meticulously recorded in the Feedback table, which contains the Feedback ID, User ID,
and Timestamp. Meanwhile, the Administrative Settings table handles system
configurations and administrator user accounts, which include the Admin ID, Username,
Password (encrypted), Email, and Privileges. Our solution ensures seamless data
administration, effective user interaction, and administrative control through
interconnected interactions, such as one-to-many linkages between users and reports or
reports and comments, allowing cities to address urban difficulties more efficiently and
precisely.

5.1.3 Logical Description Of Data

The fundamental entities and characteristics required for effective municipal management
form the foundation of our smart city management project's logical data description. The
User object, which is its fundamental component, contains important information such as
the User ID, Username, Password (securely encrypted), Email, Role (Admin or Regular
User), and optional profile data. By facilitating user permission and authentication, this
entity improves system access security. Furthermore, the Problem Report object has
attributes (Report ID, Description, Location (latitude and longitude), Timestamp, Status,
and attachments) that encapsulate the essence of user-submitted urban problems. Besides,

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the Feedback object keeps track of the Feedback ID, Report ID, User ID, and Comments
to encourage user participation and collaborative problem solving.

5.2 System Procedural Design

5.2.1 Flow Chart

Figure 8

5.3 Input/Output and Interface Design

5.3.1 Samples Of Forms, Reports and Interface

Forms: User-friendly forms allow residents to report issues, provide feedback, and
register for the system. These forms typically include fields for collecting detailed
descriptions of challenges, specific location coordinates, and optional image attachments
to provide visual context. In addition, administrative forms enable authorized users to
change system settings, manage user accounts, and see analytics data.

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The system offers reports with valuable insights on urban issues, resolution status, and
user engagement indicators. These reports may include graphics such as charts, graphs,
and maps to show trends, the distribution of reported issues, and the effectiveness of
problem-solving initiatives. Administrators utilize these reports to make informed
decisions, allocate resources efficiently, and track the success of their activities over time.
User interfaces (UI) allow users to effortlessly interact with the system, raise issues, and
provide feedback. These interfaces contain user-friendly features such as interactive maps
for locating issue locations, progress trackers for monitoring resolution statuses, and
alerting systems for getting updates on reported issues. Meanwhile, administrative
interfaces offer comprehensive dashboards for managing user accounts, changing system
settings, and seeing analytics data in real time. These interfaces prioritize usability,
accessibility, and responsiveness to ensure the greatest possible user experience for both
residents and administrators.

5.3.2 Access Control and Security

Access control and security measures are crucial in our smart city management system
because they secure sensitive data, maintain system integrity, and ensure user
confidentiality. Robust access control systems regulate user permissions and privileges
based on roles and responsibilities. Secure login systems, such as username-password
authentication or multi-factor authentication, enforce user authentication by verifying
users' identities before granting them access to the system. Furthermore, role-based access
control (RBAC) assigns specific rights to users based on their responsibilities, ensuring
that only authorized individuals have access to sensitive information and critical system
capabilities. Furthermore, data encryption techniques are employed to secure data
transmission and storage, preventing unauthorized access or interception of crucial
information.

5.4 System Architecture Design

Figure 9

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6.0 Implementation Planning and details

6.1 Implementation Environment (Single vs Multiuser, GUI vs Non GUI)

Several factors are addressed when developing the implementation environment for our
smart city management system, including user requirements, system complexity, and
scalability. To begin, our system is designed to handle both single and multiple user
scenarios. For single-user engagements such as submitting a bug report or providing
feedback, a simple non-GUI (Graphical User Interface) interface may serve, with users
able to communicate with the system via command-line prompts or online forms. In
contrast, for multiuser interactions that require administrative operations or data analysis,
a GUI-based interface improves usability and functionality by allowing administrators to
access and manage system components through intuitive graphical features such as
buttons, menus, and visualizations.

6.2 Program/Modules Specification

When creating the programs and modules for our smart city management project, we
focus on the important features and components needed for system functioning and user

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engagement. First, the system is comprised of several core modules, including User
Management, Problem Reporting, Feedback Handling, Data Analysis, and Administrative
Control. The User Management module enables users to register, authenticate, and
manage their profiles, hence assuring secure system access. The Problem Reporting
application allows users to submit detailed reports about urban challenges, including
descriptions, locations, and media files. The Input Handling module enables users to
provide feedback on issue resolutions, encouraging collaboration and engagement.

6.3 Security Features

Our smart city management project depends heavily on security components since they
guarantee the availability, confidentiality, and integrity of critical data as well as system
operations. Because of the amount of data that is gathered and processed by the system,
robust security measures are necessary to avert malicious attacks, illegal access, and data
breaches. Data transmission and storage are protected from unwanted interception and
modification by encryption techniques. Access control systems, such role-based access
control (RBAC), are used to govern user rights and privileges, granting only authorized
users access to confidential data and critical system components.Additionally, user
authentication mechanisms, including strong password policies and multi-factor
authentication, verify the identity of users before granting access to the system, reducing
the risk of unauthorized access. Regular security audits, penetration testing, and
vulnerability assessments are conducted to identify and mitigate potential security threats,
ensuring continuous monitoring and improvement of system security.

6.4 Coding Standards

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For our smart city management project, coding standards are essential to ensure
consistency, readability, and maintainability across the codebase. Our coding standard
will cover several basic ideas that are pertinent to the requirements and technologies used
in our project. We will first adhere to a modular architecture that is predicated on the
concept of "Separation of Concerns." This means that different application layers—like
presentation, styling, and logic—will continue to be separate from one other. HTML will
be used to organize the page, CSS will style it, PHP will handle client-side logic, and
JavaScript will manage client-side interaction. In addition, we will enforce consistent
naming conventions for variables, functions, and classes, utilizing meaningful and
expressive names that accurately correspond to their roles and objectives.

6.5 Sample Coding

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7.0 Testing
7.1 Testing Plan

We understand that in order to maintain responsiveness to user needs and ongoing

enhancement of our smart city management system, feedback loops must be included in
our comprehensive testing plan. We will employ feedback-driven testing techniques in
addition to conventional testing methodologies like unit testing, integration testing,
system testing, and user acceptability testing (UAT) to collect feedback from stakeholders
and end users throughout the development lifecycle. Through questionnaires, interviews,
and user testing sessions, feedback is gathered regarding usability, functionality, and the
overall user experience. To fix issues found, improve system functionality, and create
better user interfaces, feedback will be meticulously gathered, examined, and integrated
into iterative development cycles.

7.2 Testing Strategy

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We prioritize the incorporation of feedback-driven testing mechanisms as a fundamental

element of our testing strategy for the smart city management system. We quickly go
from unit testing, which verifies the functionality and accuracy of individual components,
to integration testing, which verifies smooth interactions across modules. The next step is
system testing, which evaluates overall performance and requirement compliance.
However, a key component of our approach is user acceptability testing (UAT), in which
end users actively assess how well the system meets their needs and is easy to use.
Feedback loops are carefully included throughout these stages, enabling stakeholders and
end users to offer suggestions on usability, functionality, and overall experience. In
addition to being collected, this input is actively incorporated into iterative development
cycles, directing improvements and adjustments to the system. To maintain data integrity
and confidentiality, security testing is still essential. Our approach guarantees continual
improvement, user engagement, and the delivery of a smart city management system that
accurately handles urban challenges and satisfies the varied needs of its stakeholders by
integrating feedback collecting with each testing phase.

7.3 Testing Methods

In line with our overall emphasis on feedback, our testing methodologies for the smart
city management system prioritize not only standard testing methodology but also
feedback-driven methods to ensure user-centricity and continuous improvement. We
begin with rigorous unit testing, meticulously assessing the functionality and correctness
of each component. Integration testing follows suit, ensuring that modules work together
seamlessly. System testing then evaluates the system's performance and compliance with
the requirements. However, user acceptance testing (UAT) is at the heart of our testing
approaches, in which end users actively evaluate the system's usability, functionality, and
suitability for their needs. Feedback loops are used throughout the testing process,
allowing stakeholders and end users to contribute useful insights into the system's
performance and user experience. This feedback is systematically collected, analyzed,
and incorporated into iterative development cycles to guide system improvements and
modifications. By combining feedback collecting with traditional testing methods, we
ensure that our smart city management system improves in response to user needs,

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resulting in a solution that effectively addresses urban difficulties and supports

stakeholder satisfaction.

7.4 Test Cases

The test cases for our smart city management project are intended to confirm that the
system efficiently addresses urban difficulties and rapidly fixes reported concerns, while
prioritizing feedback collecting to promote continual improvement. Each test case has a
unique goal, concentrating on various areas of the system's operation and user experience.
For example, a test case could imitate the submission of a problem report about traffic
congestion, with the desired outcome being the successful registration of the issue in the
system. The desired outcome would be to ensure that the reported issue is accurately
documented, including precise information such as location, description, and any
connected media, and that relevant stakeholders are alerted for timely action.

8.0 Screen shots and User manual

Home Page

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Login Page (Existing User)

Registration Page (New User)

After Login

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Submit Your Problem Here

Check For Update

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9.0 Limitation and Future Enhancement

While the major purpose of our smart city management project is to improve urban

management through feedback-driven evolution, there are certain limitations and need for

future improvement. One limitation is the reliance on user-generated feedback, which

may vary in quality and quantity. Furthermore, the system's current scope is mostly

focused on traffic, education, health, garbage, and water, potentially overlooking other

urban issues. To address these limitations, future enhancements may include expanding

the feedback collection mechanism to encourage user participation, implementing AI-

driven analysis to prioritize and categorize feedback, and incorporating new modules to

address emerging urban challenges such as energy efficiency and public safety.

Furthermore, connecting real-time data may improve the accuracy and timeliness of

problem detection and remediation.

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10.0 Conclusion and Discussion

Finally, our smart city management initiative is a huge step toward effectively addressing

urban difficulties through the use of technology and user feedback. We established the

foundation for a dynamic and user-centric solution by creating a complete system that

incorporates feedback-driven development concepts. We hope to empower stakeholders

and create collaboration in urban environment management by prioritizing feedback

gathering tools and focusing on timely issue resolution. While our project has limits, such

as dependency on user-generated feedback and the extent of addressed issues, we see

opportunities for future improvements, such as increasing feedback gathering methods,

adopting AI-driven analysis, and incorporating real-time data streams.Finally, our study

demonstrates the power of technology and community engagement in generating positive

change and moving cities toward smarter, more sustainable futures. We remain

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committed to achieving the vision of a more efficient, resilient, and inclusive urban

landscape via continuous iteration and collaboration.

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Work Experience

Working on the smart city management project given me extensive experience in web
programming using HTML, Java, CSS, and PHP. The project required creating a user-
friendly website with major features such as a homepage with information about several
departments, user registration, and login capability. One of the most crucial aspects was
the creation of a feedback system that enabled users to report issues with traffic,
education, health, garbage, and water. The feedback system enabled users to provide
detailed descriptions, attach photographs, and plot the exact location of the problem on a
map. This entailed adding mapping and image upload capability to the website. The
program also emphasized the importance of data management and communication
between users and government entities to ensure that reports issues are addressed
promptly. Overall, the project provided hands-on experience in building interactive and
practical web applications tailored for smart city management.

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