DHANALAKSHMI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
CE 6704 – Estimation and Quantity Surveying
UNIT – I: ESTIMATE OF BUILDINGS

PART – A
1. List the methods of estimating quantities.
a) Long wall – short wall method
b) Centre line method
c) Partly centre line and short wall method
2. Define estimate.
An estimate for any construction work may be defined as the process of. Calculating the quantities and
costs of the various items required in connection with the work.
3. What is a detailed estimate?
A detailed Estimate includes the detailed particulars for the quantities, rates and costs of
all the items involved for satisfactory completion of a project.
4. Name the types of estimate.
 A detailed Estimate
 A preliminary or rough Estimate
 A quantity Estimate
 Revised Estimate
 Supplementary Estimate
 A complete Estimate
5. Define preliminary estimate.
It is defined as a preliminary estimate at the concept stage of your construction project, during the initial
design phase. The purpose is to provide you with an introductory cost of your project. We are highly
skilled in estimating at this stage of a project.
6. Discuss Long wall and short wall method.
 In this method, the wall along the length of room is considered to be long wall while the wall
perpendicular to long wall is said to be short wall. To get the length of long wall or short wall,
calculate first the centre line lengths of individual walls.
 Then the length of long wall, (out to out) may be calculated after adding half breadth at each
end to its centre line length. Thus the length of short wall measured into in and may be found
by deducting half breadth from its centre line length at each end.
 The length of long wall usually decreases from earth work to brick work in super structure while
the short wall increases. These lengths are multiplied by breadth and depth to get quantities.
7. Classify the type of arches.
 Triangular arch.
 Round arch or Semi-circular arch.
 Segmental arch or arch that is less than a semicircle.
  Unequal round arch or rampant round arch.
 Lancet arch.
 Equilateral pointed arch.
 Shouldered flat arch -see also jack arch.
8. Describe centre line method.
 This method is suitable for walls of similar cross sections. Here the total centre line length is
multiplied by breadth and depth of respective item to get the total quantity at a time.
 When cross walls or partitions or veranda walls join with main wall, the centre line length gets
reduced by half of breadth for each junction. Such junction or joints are studied carefully while
calculating total centre line length.
 The estimates prepared by this method are most accurate and quick.
9. Demonstrate the importance of estimation.
Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate, or approximation, which is a value that
is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The value is
nonetheless usable because it is derived from the best information available.
10. what is prime cost?
Prime cost is the combination of a manufactured product's costs of direct materials and direct labour. In
other words, prime cost refers to the direct production costs. Indirect manufacturing costs are not part
of prime cost.
11. State plinth area rate.
It is the built up covered area measured at floor level of the basement or of any story of building.
12. Explain schedule of rates.
A schedule of rates can be a list in a contract setting out the staff, labour and plant hire rates the
contractor will use for pricing cost reimbursable instructed daywork.
13. Generalize the duties of quantity surveyor.
Quantity surveyor duties typically include: Conducting feasibility studies to estimate materials, time and
labour costs. Preparing, negotiating and analysing costs for tenders and contracts.
14. What is a measurement book?
Measurement Book is a measure of work done of contracts. The measurement book maintains the
accounts of work. The Measurement Book is a most important record. It is the basis of all accounts of
quantities of work done and it must contain such a complete record of facts as to be conclusive
evidence in court of law.
15. What do you mean by lump-sum item?
A lump sum contract is normally used in the construction industry to reduce design and contract
administration costs. It is called a lump sum because the contractor is required to submit a total and
global price instead of bidding on individual items.
16. What is the size of a standard modular brick?
With mortar thickness, the size of such a brick becomes 200 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm and it is known
as the nominal size of the modular brick. Thus the nominal size of brick includes the mortar thickness.
17. Define - Actual cost
Actual cost is an accounting term that means the amount of money that was paid to acquire a product
or asset. It's exactly what it sounds like—the actual cost. This cost could be either a historical, past, or
present day cost of product.
18. Define - Abstract Estimate
This is the third and final stage in a detailed estimate. The quantities and rates of each item of work,
arrived in the first two stages are now entered in abstract form.
19. Estimate the quantities of brickwork and plastering required in a wall 4m long, 3m high and 30
cm thick. Calculate also the cost if the rate of brickwork is Rs.32.00 per cu.m and of plastering
is Rs. 8.50 per sq.m
Quantities of brickwork = LxBxH = 4m x 3m x 0.30m = 3.6 cu.m
Quantity of plastering (two faces) = 2 x 4m x 3m = 24sq.m
Cost of brickwork =3.6 x 320.00 = Rs.1152.00
Cost of plastering = 24x 8.50 = Rs.204.00
Total cost =1152.00 + 204.00 = Rs.1356.00
20. What are methods to be adopted for volume calculating?
 From cross-section
 From spot level
 From contours

PART – B
1. Explain the following measurements of a building?
(i) Carpet area
(ii) Floor Area
(iii) Circulation area
(iv) Carpet area
2. Explain in detail about :
(i) Joineries
(ii) Arch types
(iii) Abstract estimate
(iv) Supplementary estimate
3. Differentiate abstract and detailed estimate.
4. Explain any four types of approximate estimate?
5. Differentiate Cube rate estimate and item rate estimate.
6. Briefly explain various types of estimates in detail.
7. Find the Detailed Estimate for the following items of works are given in Figure

(i) Earth work excavation in foundation

(ii)Lime concrete in foundation
(iii)
First Class Brick work in foundation
(iv)Damp Proof Course of 2.5 cm
(v) Steel reinforcements bars in RCC at 1%

8. The Plan and sectional elevation of the building are given in Figure. Find the Estimate the quantities for
the following items of works.
 (i) Earthwork in Excavation
(ii) Plain Cement Concrete for Foundation
(iii) Ist class Brickwork for foundation
(iv) Concrete for roof slab(thickness of slab = 100 mm)

9. Explain the method used to find the approximate cost of Building.

10. The Plan and sectional elevation of the building are given in Figure .List the Estimate the quantities for
the following items of works.
(i) RCC Slabs, Lintels and Sunshades
(ii) Doors & windows.
(iii)Plastering of Internal & External
 UNIT – II: ESTIMATE OF OTHER STRUCTURES

PART – A

1. What are the different types of roads?

 Freeways
 Expressways
 Highways
 Arterials
 Local streets
 Collector streets
2. Define - soak pit
A soak pit, also known as a soakaway or leach pit, is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows
water to slowly soak into the ground.
3. Define - prismoidal rule
A formula used in the calculation of earthwork quantities. It states that the volume of any prismoid is
equal to one-sixth its length multiplied by the sum of the two end-areas plus four times the mid-area.
4. Write about sewer line.
A sanitary sewer or "foul sewer" is an underground carriage system specifically for transporting sewage
from houses and commercial buildings through pipes to treatment or disposal. Sanitary sewers are part
of an overall system called sewerage or sewage system.
5. Sketch and discuss about different parts of culvert.

6. What is the importance’s of soak pit?

A soak pit, also known as a soakaway or leach pit, is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows
water to slowly soak into the ground.
The water in the septic tank is not pure; it is called grey water because it still contains organic materials
that need to be filtered out. A Soak Pit is a covered, porous-walled chamber that allows water to slowly
soak into the ground. Pre-settled effluent from septic tank is discharged to the underground chamber
from where it infiltrates into the surrounding soil.
7. Classify the various types of arches
 Triangular arch.
 Round arch or Semi-circular arch.
 Segmental arch or arch that is less than a semicircle.
 Unequal round arch or rampant round arch.
 Lancet arch.
 Equilateral pointed arch.
  Shouldered flat arch -see also jack arch.
8. What is the role of baffle wall in septic tank?
A septic tank should have baffles at both the inlet and outlet. The purpose of the inlet baffle is twofold:
to direct flow from the house sewer downward into the tank to create a longer detention time for the
sewage to allow settling of solids, and to keep the floating scum layer from plugging the inlet pipe.
9. What are the needs for retaining wall?
Retaining walls are often found in places where extra support is needed to prevent the earth from
moving downhill with erosion. The most basic function of a retaining wall is to battle gravity; the lateral
force of the slope must be offset in the retaining wall’s design.
10. Define - aqueduct.
In antiquity, aqueducts were a means to transport water from one place to another, achieving a regular
and controlled water supply to a place which would not otherwise have received sufficient water to
meet basic needs such as irrigation of food crops and drinking fountains. They may take the form of
underground tunnels, networks of surface channels and canals, covered clay pipes or monumental
bridges.
11. Calculate the size of septic tank for 25 users.
Liquid capacity of Tank @ 0.1 Cu.m per user = 0.1 X 25 = 2.50 Cu.m
Taking Liquid depth as 1.40m the floor area of tank = 2.50/1.40 = 1.80 sq.m
Taking length as 2¼ times the breadth, LXB = 1.80 sq.m, or 2¼ BXB = 1.80m
Or B² = 1.80/2¼ = 0.80, therefore B = 0.8 = 0.9m
Therefore the length of the tank = 2¼ x 0.9 = 2.0 m
Taking a freeboard of 30cm total depth of the tank = 1.40+0.30 = 1.70 m
12. What are the main components of culvert?
 Abutments
 Wing walls
 Arch
13. Calculate the size of septic tank for 50 users.
Liquid capacity of Tank @ 0.08 Cu.m per user = 0.08 X 50 = 4.00 Cu.m
Taking Liquid depth as 1.20m the floor area of tank = 4.00/1.20 = 3.34 sq.m
Taking length as 4 times the breadth, LXB = 3.34 sq.m, or 4 BXB = 3.34m
Or B² = 3.34/4 = 0.83, therefore B = 0.8 = 0.91m
Therefore the length of the tank = 4 x 0.91 = 2.0 m
Taking a freeboard of 30cm total depth of the tank = 1.20+0.30 = 1.50 m
14. What is meant by banking?
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit. Lending
activities can be performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets. Due to their importance
in the financial stability of a country, banks are highly regulated in most countries.
15. What is turfing?
Profile Field & Fairway is the ideal sports turf conditioner for native soil construction and maintenance.
Read More. Profile Greens Grade is a turf conditioner used on greens and sand-based sports fields as
part of the soil mix.
16. What is a casing pipe?
Steel Casing Pipe, also known as encasement pipe, is most commonly used in underground
construction to protect utility lines of various types from getting damaged. Such damage might occur
due to the elements of nature or human activity.
17. What are the types of sanitary fittings?
 Elbow. See also: Street elbow
 Coupling. Pipe coupling (copper sweat)
 Union. Combination union and reducer (brass threaded)
 Nipple. Main article: Nipple (plumbing)
 Reducer. Bronze threaded (at left) and copper sweat (at right) reducers
 Double-tapped bushing
 Tee
 Diverter tee
18. What is meant by a gully trap?
 Traps are an important component of a plumbing system. They prevent ingress of foul air, insects
and vermin from the sewers into the building and resist the spread of disease. Traps are
constructed, so that they retain a body of water which acts as a water seal.
 Traps should be of the self-cleansing type. They should generate enough velocity from the
available flow to have a self-cleansing effect, a smooth finish and a full uniform bore.
 These traps are constructed outside the building to carry waste water discharge from washbasin,
sinks, bathroom etc. and are connected to the nearest building drain/sewer so that foul gases from
sewer do not come to the house. These are deep seal traps, the depth of water seal should be 50
mm minimum. It also prevents the entry of cockroach and other insects from sewer line to waste
pipes carrying waste water.
19. Define soling.
When the soil is soft or bad, one layer of dry brick or stone soling is applied below the foundation
concrete. The Unit of soiling is in sq.m.
20. Which are called as irrigation work estimation?
1. Estimate of earthwork in irrigation channels.
2. Estimate of permanent land and temporary land.
3. Estimate of distributor.
4. Estimate of aqueduct, siphon, fall, village road, and culvert.

PART- B

1. Describe in detail the different types of roads.

2. Describe briefly the different types of irrigation structures.
3. Prepare an estimate for the ‘box culvert’ shown in fig
4. Prepare the estimate quantity for the cement concrete road’ given in fig .1 below

5. Prepare the estimate quantity for the following constrains of ‘bituminous road’ shown in figure
(i) Quantity of road thar and asphalt coat for 2m length
(ii) Detailed estimate of sub grade.

6. Prepare the estimate for the ‘septic tank’ shown in fig.

7. Describe in detail the methods of estimation of roads.

8. What are the components of a culvert? Illustrate.
9. Illustrate about any two irrigation structures.
10. List and explain the items in the estimate of bituminous road and cement concrete roads.
 UNIT – III: SPECIFICATION AND TENDERS

PART – A

1. What is analysis of rates?

In order to determine the rate of a particular item, the factors affecting the rate of that item are studied
carefully and then finally a rate is decided for that item. This process of determining the rates of an item
is termed as analysis of rates or rate analysis.
2. Define - Specification
Specifications describe the materials and workmanship required for a development. They do not
include cost, quantity or drawn information, and so need to be read alongside other information such as
quantities, schedules and drawings. Specifications vary considerably depending on the stage to which
the design has been developed, ranging from performance specifications (open specifications) that
require further design work to be carried out, to prescriptive specifications (closed specifications) where
the design is already complete.
3. Define - Schedule of Rates
In its most simple form, a schedule of rates can be a list in a contract setting out the staff, labour and
plant hire rates the contractor will use for pricing cost reimbursable instructed daywork. However, on a
much larger scale, a 'schedule of rates term contract', 'term contract' or 'measured term contract' may
be used when the nature of work required is known but it cannot be quantified, or if continuity of
programme cannot be determined. In the absence of an estimate, tenderers quote unit rates against a
document that is intended to cover all likely activities that might form part of the works. As the extent of
the work is unknown the unit rates include overheads and profit. General preliminaries such as
scaffolding, temporary power, supervision and temporary accommodation will also have rates. On
projects longer than say 18 months there might be escalation provisions based on annual percentage
increases.
4. Define - Contract
A construction contract is a mutual or legally binding agreement between two parties based on policies
and conditions recorded in document form. The two parties involved are one or more owners, and one
or more contractors.
5. Define - Tender
 A tender is an offer to do or perform an act which the party offering, is bound to perform to the
party to whom the offer is made.
 A tender may be of money or of specific articles; these will be separately considered.
 Of the lender of money. To make a valid tender the following requisites are necessary: 1. It must
be made by a person capable of paying: for if it be made by a stranger without the consent of the
debtor, it will be insufficient.
6. Define - Arbitration.
Arbitration is usually voluntary but sometimes it is required by law. If both sides agree to be bound by
the arbitrator's decision (the 'award') it becomes a binding arbitration. The exact procedure to be
followed (if not included in the contract under dispute) is governed usually by a country's arbitration
laws, or by the arbitration rules prescribed by the International Chamber Of Commerce (ICC).
7. What are the different types of specification?
Types of Specifications
 General Specifications
 Detailed Specifications
8. What is a tender notice?
To tender is to invite bids for a project, or to accept a formal offer such as a takeover bid. Tender
usually refers to the process whereby governments and financial institutions invite bids for large
projects that must be submitted within a finite deadline.
9. Explain the types of contract?
The six types of contracts are:
 Lump sum contract.
 Item rate contract/schedule contract.
 Lump sum and scheduled contract.
 Cost plus fixed fee contract.
 Cost plus percentage of cost contract.
 Special contracts.

10. Rewrite the requirements of a contract.

Generally a Contract must have the following elements to be valid: A valid and binding agreement.
Both parties must intend upon, or expect the agreement to be legally binding; Formalities.
11. Define - lump sum contract.
A lump sum contract (or stipulated sum contract) is the traditional means of procuring construction, and
still the most common form of construction contract. Under a lump sum contract, a single 'lump sum'
price for all of the works is agreed before the works begin.
12. What are the types of termination of contract
 By performance of the parties i.e. each party completing his obligations as stipulated by the
contract.
 By frustration: an event through no fault of the parties that make one party unable to perform the
contract. For example: if one party suffers a prolonged illness which makes him unable to perform
the contract.
 By lapse of time: if the time limit set for the contract to be executed by both parties has been
passed. For example, sellers of real estate usually require that the buyers pay the full balance on
the property within a certain time period after the initial down payment has been made.
 By the mutual agreement of all parties.
 If one of the parties become bankrupt after the contract has been signed.
 By changes in law i.e. where a legal contract is rendered illegal through changes in law.
 By notice e.g. some firms require that employees give at least one month notice when resigning
their positions.
13. Define - Contractor.
Independent entity that agrees to furnish certain number or quantity of goods, material, equipment,
personnel, and/or services that meet or exceed stated requirements or specifications, at a mutually
agreed upon price and within a specified timeframe to another independent entity called contractor,
principal, or project owner.
14. Rewrite the essentials of contract.
 Full Name, Address, and Signatures of Both Parties
 Scope of Work
 Project Cost and Payment Terms
 Schedule of Work
 Authority
15. What is meant by arbitration?
Settlement of a dispute (whether of fact, law, or procedure) between parties to a contract by a neutral
third party (the arbitrator) without resorting to court action. Arbitration is usually voluntary but
sometimes it is required by law. If both sides agree to be bound by the arbitrator's decision (the 'award')
it becomes a binding arbitration. The exact procedure to be followed (if not included in the contract
under dispute) is governed usually by a country's arbitration laws, or by the arbitration rules prescribed
by the International Chamber Of Commerce (ICC).
16. What is meant by a TTT act?
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,
 Construction means all works associated with the construction, reconstruction, demolition, repair or
renovation of a building, structure or any other related works;
 Goods means raw materials, products, equipment and other objects of every kind and description
and includes electricity;
 Government means the State Government
17. What is meant by an e-tender?
An internet based process wherein the complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and
submitting tender-related information are done online. This enables firms to be more efficient as paper-
based transactions are reduced or eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information.
18. Differentiate between general specification and detailed specification.
 General specification gives the nature and class of work and materials in general terms to be used
in the various parts of the work, from the foundation to the superstructure. It is a short description
of different parts of the work specifying materials, proportions, qualities etc. General specifications
give general idea of the whole work or structure and are useful for preparing the estimate. These
general specifications does not form part of the contract document. They are used in the estimates
by the person who prepares the estimates.
 The detailed specifications form a part of the contract document. The detailed specification of an
item of work specifies the qualities and quantities of materials, the proportion of mortar,
workmanship, the method of preparation and execution and the method of measurement. The
detailed specifications of different items of work are prepared separately which describe what the
work should be and how they should be executed and constructed.
19. How will you analyse the rate of a particular item?
Indirect costs cannot be directly identified with the production or sale of a particular product; they are
necessary costs of doing business. Some portion of indirect cost is properly allocable to each contract
that benefits from that cost.
20. What are the qualifications of contractor?
 Sufficient time for decision,
 facility for acceptance
 saving in time
 PART- B

1. Illustrate the general specifications of a residential building

2. Mention and describe the general specifications of a bituminous road.
3. Explain a detailed specification of super structure
4. Explain and compare the different types of contract in detail.
5. Describe the legal requirements of a contract.
6. Discuss about schedule of rates.
7. Explain about the contents of Tender notice.
8. Explain and rewrite the detailed specifications for any four items of work.
9. Explain and compare the types of specification and mention the advantages and disadvantages.
10. Select the content in specifications for a septic tank and explain it.
 UNIT - IV VALUATION

PART – A
1. What are the different methods of depreciation?
Some of the most common methods used to calculate depreciation is straight-line, units-of-production,
sum-of-years digits, and double-declining balance, an accelerated depreciation method.
 Straight-Line
 Units of Production
 Sum-of-years-digits
 Double-declining Balance
 MACRS
2. Define – Valuation
Valuation is the process of determining the current worth of an asset or a company; there are many
techniques used to determine value. An analyst placing a value on a company looks at the company's
management, the composition of its capital structure, the prospect of future earnings and market value
of assets.
3. What is obsolescence?
Significant decline in the competitiveness, usefulness, or value of an article or property. Obsolescence
occurs generally due to the availability of alternatives that perform better or are cheaper or both, or due
to changes in user preferences, requirements, or styles. It is distinct from fall in value (depreciation)
due to physical deterioration or normal wear and tear. Obsolescence is a major factor in operating risk,
and may require write off of the value of the obsolete item against earnings to comply with the
accounting principle of showing inventory at lower of cost or market value. Insurance companies take
obsolescence into account to reduce the amount of claim to be paid on damaged or destroyed
property.
4. Define - Gross income
Gross income is an individual's income and receipts from nearly all sources. It is the starting point for
determining the taxes that individual will pay. Sources of gross income include salary, wages, tips,
capital gains, dividends, interest, rents, pensions and alimony.

5. What is scrap value?

In financial accounting, scrap value is associated with the depreciation of assets used in a business. In
this situation, scrap value is defined as the expected or estimated value of the asset at the end of its
useful life. Scrap value is also referred to as an asset's salvage value or residual value.
6. Define - Capitalized Value or Capital Value
Capital value = year’s purchase net value.
It is defined as the amount of money whose annual interest will be equal to the net income arising from
the property.
7. Define - Net Income
Net income (NI) is a company's total earnings (or profit); net income is calculated by taking revenues
and subtracting the costs of doing business such as depreciation, interest, taxes and other expenses.
8. Demonstrate the meaning of salvage value.
The estimated salvage value is deducted from the cost of the asset in order to determine the total
amount of depreciation expense that will be reported during the asset's useful life.
Accountants and income tax regulations often assume that plant assets will have no salvage value.
This will result in an asset's entire cost being depreciated during the years that the asset is used in the
business.
9. Define – Annuity
Series of payments at fixed intervals, guaranteed for a fixed number of years or the lifetime of one or
more individuals. Similar to a pension, the money is paid out of an investment contract under which the
annuitant(s) deposit certain sums (in a lump sum or in installments) with an annuity guarantor (usually
a government agency or an insurance firm). The amount paid back includes principal and interest,
either or both of which (depending on the local regulations) may be tax exempt. An annuity is not an
insurance policy but a tax-shelter.
10. Define - Book Value
Book value refers to the total amount a company would be worth if it liquidated its assets and paid
back all its liabilities. Book value can also represent the value of a particular asset on the company's
balance sheet after taking accumulated depreciation into account.
11. Differentiate between market value and book value.
 Book value literally means the value of the business according to its "books" or financial
statements. In this case, book value is calculated from the balance sheet, and it is the difference
between a company's total assets and total liabilities. Note that this is also the term for
shareholders' equity. For example, if Company XYZ has total assets of $100 million and total
liabilities of $80 million, the book value of the company is $20 million. In a very broad sense, this
means that if the company sold off its assets and paid down its liabilities, the equity value or net
worth of the business would be $20 million.

 Market value is the value of a company according to the stock market. Market value is calculated
by multiplying a company's shares outstanding by its current market price. If Company XYZ has 1
million shares outstanding and each share trades for $50, then the company's market value is $50
million. Market value is most often the number analysts, newspapers and investors refer to when
they mention the value of the business.

12. Write the necessity of valuation.

 Where companies amalgamate or are similarly reconstructed, it may be necessary to arrive at the
value of shares hold by the members of the company being absorbed or taken over.
 Where shares are hold jointly by the partners in a company and partnership firm dissolved, it
becomes necessary to value of shares.
 Where a portion of the shares is to be given by a member of proprietary company to another
member as the member cannot sell it in the open market, it becomes necessary to certify the fair
price of these shares by an auditor.
  When a loan advanced on the security of shares, it becomes necessary to know the value of
shares on the basis of which loan has been advanced.
 When shares are given in a company as gift it may be necessary for the purpose of assessing gift
tax, to place a value on the shares.
13. Write short note on Escalation.
Business accounting and planning should take into consideration the effect of inflation on costs.
Inflation is an essential consideration when a company manages multiple contracts that specify costs
and revenues based on a level of inflation determined at the time of the contract signing. Escalation
comes into play when the actual rate of inflation differs from the rate specified in the contract.
14. What is meant by a 'capital cost'?
Capital costs are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction,
and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services. Put simply, it is the total
cost needed to bring a project to a commercially operable status.
15. What is capitalised value?
The current value of an asset, based on the total income expected to be realized over its economic life
span. The anticipated earnings are discounted (given a lower value) so they take into account the time
value of money.
16. Define – Mortgage
A legal agreement that conveys the conditional right of ownership on an asset or property by its owner
(the mortgagor) to a lender (the mortgagee) as security for a loan. The lender's security interest is
recorded in the register of title documents to make it public information, and is voided when the loan is
repaid in full.
17. What is 'Freehold property'?
Freehold property can be defined as any estate which is "free from hold" of any entity besides the
owner. Hence, the owner of such an estate enjoys free ownership for perpetuity and can use the land
for any purposes however in accordance with the local regulations.
18. What is meant by a Leasehold property?
You only own a leasehold property for a fixed period of time. You'll have a legal agreement with the
landlord (sometimes known as the 'freeholder') called a 'lease'. This tells you how many years you'll
own the property. Ownership of the property returns to the landlord when the lease comes to an end.
19. What is meant by a building lease?
A lease of land for a long term of years, usually 99, at a rent called a "ground rent," the lessee
covenanting to erect certain edifices thereon accordiug to specification, and to maintain the same, etc.,
during the term.
20. What is occupation lease?
A periodic tenancy: This is a particular type of lease that may be a written but that most often arises
automatically when a landlord allows a tenant into occupation without any kind of documentation.
 PART - B

1. State the following terms :

(i) Scrap value
(ii) Salvage value
(iii) Book Value
(iv) Market value
2. In a plot of land costing Rs 20,00,000 a building has been newly constructed at a local cost of
Rs.80,00,000 including sanitary and water supply works , electrical insllations,etc . The building consist
of four flats of four tenants. The owner expects 8 % return on the cost of construction and 5 % of return
on the land. Calculate the standard rent for each flat of the building assuming

(i) The life of the building is 60 yrs and the sinking fund will be created on 4% interest basis
(ii) Annual repair cost 1% of the cost of construction
(iii) Other outgoings including taxes at 30% of the net return on the building.
3. Explain differ forms of valve
4. Discuss about a freehold property
5. Discuss the following terms :
(i) Types of Lease
(ii) Mortage
(iii) Escalation
(iv) Methods of Depreciation
6. Calculate the annual rent of a building with the following data.
(i) Cost of land = Rs.20,000/-
(ii) Cost of building = Rs.80,000/-
(iii) Estimate life = 80years
(iv) Return expected = 5% on land 6% on building.
(v) Annual repairs are expected to be 0.7% of the cost construction and other out goings will be 25%
of the gross rent. There is no proposal to set up a sinking fund.
7. The capitalized cost of a building is Rs.one lac, including all fittings of first class construction. if the rate
of interest is 6%, Calculate net return from the property. Assume out goings as 15% on gross income.
8. A plot measure 800sq.m.the built up area rate of this 1st class building is Rs.600/-per sq.m this rates
includes cost of water supply, sanitary and electric installations. The age of the building is 50 years.
The cost of the land is Rs.1800/- per sq.m . Calculate the standard rent for a building located in CMA
assuming the required parameters.
9. Examine in detail about various methods of calculations Depreciation
10. Write Short note on the following terms:
(i)Sinking fund
(ii)Outgoings
(iii)Capitalized value
(iv)Price and Cost
 UNIT – V: REPORT PREPARATION

PART – A
1. Define - Owner.
A party that possesses the exclusive right to hold, use, benefit-from, enjoy, convey, transfer, and
otherwise dispose of an asset or property.
2. Define - Analysis of Work.
Job analysis (also known as work analysis) is a family of procedures to identify the content of a job in
terms of activities involved and attributes or job requirements needed to perform the activities.]
3. What is the principle of report preparation?
A good reporting system helps the management in proper planning and controlling. If the reports are
available to every level of management at the proper time, current activities may be regulated and
controlled and necessary corrective actions may also be taken in time. Hence, some principles have
been followed for making the reporting system more effective.
4. List the factors involved in locating a site.

 Purpose of Building
 Friendly Neighbourhood
 Available Facilities
 Government Laws
 Shape & Size
 Terrain Condition
 Type of Ground Soil

5. Discuss about Measurement Book.

In the classical definition, which is standard throughout the physical sciences, measurement is the
determination or estimation of ratios of quantities. Quantity and measurement are mutually defined:
quantitative attributes are those possible to measure, at least in principle.

6. Explain Work sheet.

Worksheet commonly refers to a sheet of paper with questions for students and places to record
answers. The term may also refer to a single array of data in spreadsheet software or an informal piece
of paper that an accountant uses to record information. Informal document in which an accountant or
auditor records the information for (1) adjusting trial balances prior to preparing financial statements, or
to (2) substantiate his or her opinion regarding an account balance or a transaction.
7. Discuss Drawings.
An architectural drawing or architect's drawing is a technical drawing of a building (or building project)
that falls within the definition of architecture. Construction drawings are sometimes referred to as
working drawings. They are used by all involved in a project to work on the actual building of the
design.
8. Why valuation is necessary?
In the worst case, not knowing fair market value could cause owners to sell their businesses for less
than they actually are worth – or for heirs to pay more than their fair share of estate taxes after the
owner's death. For these reasons, the cost of a business valuation can be an excellent investment.
9. Differentiate Open well and Tube well.
 Water wells can be classified either open wells or tube wells. Open wells have relatively large
diameter (generally 1 to 5 m) and low yields (generally less than 30 m 3/hr), and are not very deep
(generally 3 to 15 m). Since these wells are constructed by digging, they are also known as dug
wells. The walls of an open well may be of either brick (or stone) masonry or precast concrete
rings.
 Open wells can be either shallow open wells or deep open wells. A shallow open well drains its
supplies only from the top upper aquifer. But deep open wells are those which rest on an
impervious stratum and draw their supplies from the previous water-bearing stratum lying below
the impervious stratum through a bore hole made in the impervious stratum. A deep open well can
have its depth smaller than a shallow open well in the vicinity.
10. Select any two principles for the preparation of report for residential building.
 Proper Flow of Information: The information should be free flow from the proper place to the right
end user of the report. Hence, the information should be presented in the right format and at a
proper time so that it helps in planning and co-ordination. The flow of report should not be delayed
at any cost. Flow of information is a continuous activity. Information may flow upward, downward or
sideways within an organization.
 Proper Timing: The very purpose of preparation of report is controlling the unfavourable activities.
Hence, the report should be submitted at the required time at any cost.
11. What is the necessity for preparing report for an estimate?
 Accuracy is absolutely essential and the only way to ensure it is to be meticulous and pains taking in
collecting and recording facts; and handling them. Information and facts can be collected from
library, subject catalogue, people working in areas related to subjects and personal observation.
 Understanding the report depends on its preparation, layout and step by step presentation. Words,
phrases, sentences, paragraphs and chapters are the units of expression which must be handled
skilfully in order to have a good and appropriate style.
12. What are the types of Arbitration?
1. Arbitration without intervention of court.
2. Arbitration with intervention of court and there is no suit pending
3. Arbitration is suits.
13. What is the object of specification?
1. Quality
2. Instruction
3. Aim of the project
14. Define - Arbitrators
The persons chosen have the right to take decision are called arbitrators.
15. Define - Capital Cost
The total cost of construction of the project including land is called capital cost.
16. Define - Engineer
He is the person appointed by the owner. He is technically very sound in work and his job is to see that
the work is being done by contractor entirely according to drawings and specification.
17. Define - Owner
The person on behalf of the work is to be done. He may be an individual or firm or organization.
18. What are the conditions of contract?
Conditions relating to documents Conditions relating to the execution of work Conditions relating to
labour and personal
19. Define - the Year’s Purchase
It may be as the figure which when multiplied by the net income from a property gives capitalized value
of the property. It can also be defined as “a certain amount of capital whose annuity of Rs.1/- at a
certain rate of interest can be received”.
Year’s purchase = 100/rate of interest = 1/i
20. The estimated value of a building is Rs.5,00,000. The carpet area of the building is 70 sq.m If the
plinth area is 20% more than this, what is the plinth rate of the building?
Value of building = Rs.5, 00,000
Carpet area = 70 m2
Plinth area = 20 % more = 1.20 x 70 = 84 m2
Plinth area rate of the building = Value of the building/Plinth area
= 5,00,000/84 = Rs.5952.38m2

PART- B

1. Define the Procedure for preparation for preparation of reports?

2. State how will you prepare a report on estimate of Box culvert?
3. Describe the following in Report Preparation?
(i) Definition of report
(ii) Types of reports
(iii) Necessity of report
4. Prepare a report on estimate for the following items in Single storey Residential building
(i) Sub structure
(ii) Super Structure
5. Explain the report on estimation for construction of bituminous roads.
6. Write a report on estimate for construction of cement concrete roads.
7. Explain the report on estimation for construction of Water bound macadam roads.
8. List out the points to be considered while writing technical report.
9. Differentiate Administrative report and technical report.
10. Discuss the report on estimation for the construction of a multi storey building for the following
(i) Sub structure ii) Super Structure