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Lecture 1 HISTORY

The document discusses the importance of studying history, defining it as a systematic examination of significant past events that shape society. It emphasizes the role of historiography, the relationship of history with other social sciences, and the importance of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in historical research. Additionally, it highlights how understanding history aids in analyzing present and future issues, contributing to national identity and cultural roots.

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Richelle Dades
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21 views25 pages

Lecture 1 HISTORY

The document discusses the importance of studying history, defining it as a systematic examination of significant past events that shape society. It emphasizes the role of historiography, the relationship of history with other social sciences, and the importance of primary, secondary, and tertiary sources in historical research. Additionally, it highlights how understanding history aids in analyzing present and future issues, contributing to national identity and cultural roots.

Uploaded by

Richelle Dades
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE

HISTORY

SSIC
“Today’s events are tomorrow’s
history”

WHY DO WE NEED TO STUDY HISTORY?


• History ( from the Greek word
Historie or Historia which means
“learning, inquiry and or
investigation”) is a branch of the
Social Sciences that deals with the
HISTORY systematic study of significant
past, a branch of knowledge that
records and explains past events
and which concerns people and
human nature.
• The definition emphasizes that it is a “systematic” study.
This means that history as a discipline follows a
methodology in order to establish and be able to validate
facts and evidences.
• The definition mentions of “significant” past as the
subject matter of history. By “significant past” it entails
that only past events which has affected the political,
cultural, social and economic aspects of the society or
of the lives of the people, are considered part of history.
HISTORY

• Kasaysayan (Filipino)
• Salaysay – narrative or a story
• Saysay – meaning
• Without both, you cannot have true history. (Ambeth
Ocampo, 2014)
HISTORIOGRAPHY

It analyzes who is the


history writer, the motives
It refers to the study of
of the writer, the sources of
history itself.
the writer, theories applied
and other historical records.
THE PLACE
Elements HISTORIAN
of
HISTORY

PERIOD SOURCES
Nature of
history as an
academic
discipline
1.History • Covers all the persons and all events that
have happened in the past.
has no
• Cover everything that has happened in the
subject society including all aspects from political,
economic, social, culture.
matter of
its own
2. History • Analyzes the relations of different events,
synthesizes their cause and effects using also the
knowledge used in other fields of Social
knowledge Sciences such as Anthropology, Sociology,
Economics, etc.
from other
fields
• Provides explanation of things that
3. History happened in the past.
illuminates • By looking at the relationships of different
events and phenomena, it provides
pieces of explanations for unexplainable gaps.

the past
• Since claims to historical facts are based on
personal accounts, documents and artifacts,
a historian makes an analysis based only on
available sources of data.
4. History • The historian cannot conclude something
is which is baseless. Unlike other Social
Sciences which can gather actual and real
constantly time data or conduct experiments to test
their hypothesis, historians have to rely on
changing what is available. Therefore, when new data
are discovered, previous historical accounts
can be changed.
• Since a historian constantly write about
previous phenomena using historical sources
5. History as basis, all claims therefore supports only
the truth base on the data available. This
sheds light however does not preclude the fact that a
historian uses also unwritten sources such as
to truth. oral accounts and traditions.
History in
relation of
other social
science
Archaeology
• Scientific study of material remains of past human life and activities.
• Through investigations of artifacts, the historian can draw important
analysis and interpretation for them and make description of the lives and
culture of people that owned the artifacts.
• Archeologist
Anthropology
• The study of human beings and their ancestors through time and space and
in relation to physical character, environmental and social relation, and
culture.
• Anthropologist
Importance
Of the
Study of
history
• It provides us with the capacity to analyze previous events and phenomena
which therefore will provide us with proper basis on how to view the
present and the future.
• Will provide us with a strong basis for providing answers for problems that
pervades at present.
• Our historical view will in itself provide us with the manner by which we
view the present and how we prepare for the future.
• To know about the roots of our current
culture.
• To learn about human nature by looking at
E. Kent the trend that repeat through history.
Rogers • To learn about mistakes of those who have
gone before us.
• History can be a mere narrative of past
events, while kasaysayan is not just a
narrative or salaysay – it must have saysay or
meaning.
• Saysay gives us a way or looking at the
world, a Filipino viewpoint that influences
the way we see the past, the present, and
hopefully the future.
Ambeth • History is making people see their past,
Ocampo thereby giving them a sense of being
Filipinos.
• If memory gives us our individual identities,
then history will contribute to a national
memory and eventually national identity.
Sources of
History
• “Sources”/ “Batis”/ “Sanggunian” refers to the basis of claims or
analysis of the historian. They serve as the evidences utilized
in the study of history.
• A primary source provides direct or firsthand evidence
about an event, object, person, or work of art. These
are the evidences by eyewitnesses or created by
people who experienced the said event or
phenomena. The historian’s responsibility is to
organize the primary sources into a coherent account
to become secondary source.

a. • In effect, a primary source is direct source of


historical information dating from the period in
question. A baptismal register of 1866 in the parish
Primary of Concepcion, Tarlac would be a primary source
about Spanish colonial period in Philippine History. A
Philippine coin minted in 1910 would be a primary
Sources source about the American colonial period. A
newspaper printed in 1943 would be a primary source
from the Japanese period..
• Primary sources include historical and legal
documents, eyewitness accounts, results of
experiments, statistical data, pieces of creative writing,
audio and video recordings, speeches, and art objects.
Interviews, surveys, fieldwork, and Internet
communications via email, blogs, and newsgroups are
also primary sources.
• Secondary sources, on the other hand, are
interpretations of history They describe, discuss,
interpret, comment upon, analyze, evaluate,
summarize, and process primary sources. These are
the products of people or writers who were not part
of the event or phenomena.

b. • One can consider them as history books, although


this is a bit misleading, as secondary sources can
include articles, movies, audio recordings, or any other
Secondary source of media that interprets history.

Sources • Teodoro Agoncillo’s Malolos: The Crisis of The


Republic, though deals with the events of 1899 is a
secondary source because it interprets facts of the
past; though dealing with the time-frame , it is not
from the period in question.
• Secondary source materials can be articles in
newspapers or popular magazines, book or movie
reviews, or articles found in scholarly journals that
discuss or evaluate someone else's original research.
• Others cite another classification,
the Tertiary Sources. Tertiary
C. sources contain information that
has been compiled from primary
Tertiary and secondary sources. Tertiary
sources include almanacs,
Sources chronologies, dictionaries and
encyclopedias, directories,
guidebooks, indexes, abstracts,
manuals, and textbooks.

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