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Number Systems-3

The document explains the decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numerical systems, highlighting their bases and positional values. It details methods for converting decimal numbers to binary and hexadecimal, providing examples for clarity. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of binary and hexadecimal systems in computing and digital electronics.

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7 views11 pages

Number Systems-3

The document explains the decimal, binary, and hexadecimal numerical systems, highlighting their bases and positional values. It details methods for converting decimal numbers to binary and hexadecimal, providing examples for clarity. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of binary and hexadecimal systems in computing and digital electronics.

Uploaded by

Daniellpor Hue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binary, Decimal, and Hexadecimal Systems

Daniel Bonilla

February 3, 2025
Decimal System

The decimal system is a numerical system based on 10 symbols


(from 0 to 9). It is the most commonly used numerical system by
humans.
▶ Positional: the value of a digit depends on its position in the
number.
▶ Example: The number 245 is equal to:

2 × 102 + 4 × 101 + 5 × 100


Binary System

The binary system is a numerical system based on 2 symbols: 0


and 1. It is used in computers and other electronic devices.
▶ Positional: each digit represents a power of 2.
▶ Example: The binary number 1011 is equal to:

1 × 23 + 0 × 22 + 1 × 21 + 1 × 20 = 8 + 0 + 2 + 1 = 11
Decimal to Binary Conversion (Division by 2 Method)

To convert a decimal number to binary, we divide the number


successively by 2 and record the remainders.
Example
Convert 13 to binary:
▶ 13 divided by 2 gives quotient 6, remainder 1.
▶ 6 divided by 2 gives quotient 3, remainder 0.
▶ 3 divided by 2 gives quotient 1, remainder 1.
▶ 1 divided by 2 gives quotient 0, remainder 1.
Reading the remainders from bottom to top: 13 in decimal is 1101
in binary.
Additional Decimal to Binary Conversions

Example
Convert 25 to binary:
▶ 25 divided by 2 gives quotient 12, remainder 1.
▶ 12 divided by 2 gives quotient 6, remainder 0.
▶ 6 divided by 2 gives quotient 3, remainder 0.
▶ 3 divided by 2 gives quotient 1, remainder 1.
▶ 1 divided by 2 gives quotient 0, remainder 1.
Reading the remainders from bottom to top: 25 in decimal is
11001 in binary.
Example
Convert 7 to binary:
▶ 7 divided by 2 gives quotient 3, remainder 1.
▶ 3 divided by 2 gives quotient 1, remainder 1.
▶ 1 divided by 2 gives quotient 0, remainder 1.
Reading the remainders from bottom to top: 7 in decimal is 111 in
binary.
Hexadecimal System

The hexadecimal system is a numerical system based on 16


symbols: 0-9 and A-F (where A=10, B=11, C=12, D=13, E=14,
F=15). It is often used in computing and digital electronics.
▶ Hexadecimal is compact and convenient for representing
binary data in a readable form.
▶ It is commonly used to represent memory addresses, color
codes (e.g., FF5733), and in assembly programming.
▶ Example: The hexadecimal number A3 is equal to:

A × 161 + 3 × 160 = 10 × 16 + 3 = 163


Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion

To convert a decimal number to hexadecimal, we divide the


number by 16 and record the remainders.
Example
Convert 163 to hexadecimal:
▶ 163 divided by 16 gives quotient 10, remainder 3.
▶ 10 divided by 16 gives quotient 0, remainder 10 (A).
Reading the remainders from bottom to top: 163 in decimal is A3
in hexadecimal.
Example
Convert 255 to hexadecimal:
▶ 255 divided by 16 gives quotient 15, remainder 15 (F).
▶ 15 divided by 16 gives quotient 0, remainder 15 (F).
Reading the remainders from bottom to top: 255 in decimal is FF
in hexadecimal.
Example
Convert 450 to hexadecimal:
▶ 450 divided by 16 gives quotient 28, remainder 2.
▶ 28 divided by 16 gives quotient 1, remainder 12 (C).
▶ 1 divided by 16 gives quotient 0, remainder 1.
Reading the remainders from bottom to top: 450 in decimal is 1C2
in hexadecimal.
Importance of Binary and Hexadecimal Systems

▶ The binary system is fundamental for computers and digital


systems because all digital circuits operate on binary states
(on/off, true/false).
▶ Hexadecimal is important for efficiently representing large
binary numbers. It’s easier for humans to read than long
strings of 0s and 1s.
▶ For example, memory addresses, file formats, and low-level
programming languages often use hexadecimal.

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