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The History of Computer - Basic Computing Periods

The document outlines the history and evolution of computers, defining them as programmable electronic devices that manipulate data. It highlights various applications of computers in daily life, ranging from business to healthcare, and discusses significant milestones in computing history, including inventions like the abacus, ENIAC, and the first portable computer, Osborne 1. Additionally, it mentions key figures in computing, such as Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, who contributed to the development of early computing machines.

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12 views28 pages

The History of Computer - Basic Computing Periods

The document outlines the history and evolution of computers, defining them as programmable electronic devices that manipulate data. It highlights various applications of computers in daily life, ranging from business to healthcare, and discusses significant milestones in computing history, including inventions like the abacus, ENIAC, and the first portable computer, Osborne 1. Additionally, it mentions key figures in computing, such as Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace, who contributed to the development of early computing machines.

Uploaded by

ashleytorion23
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THE HISTORY OF

COMPUTER:
BASIC COMPUTING PERIODS
What is Computer?
● Computer is a programmable machine.
● Computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or
data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
● Computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of
instructions (program).
● Computer is any device which aids humans in performing various
kinds of computations or calculations.
Applications of ICT (Computers) in Our Daily Lives

1. Business
2. Education
3. Healthcare
4. Retail and Trade
5. Government
6. Marketing
7. Science
8. Publishing
9. Arts and Entertainment
10. Communication
11. Banking and Finance
12. Transport
13. Navigation
14. Working From Home
15. Military
16. Social and Romance
17. Booking Vacations
18. Security and Surveillance
19. Weather Forecasting
20. Robotics
Earliest Computers originally calculations
were computed by humans, whose job title
was computers.
● The first use of the word "computer" was
recorded in 1613, referring to a person who
carried out
● calculations, or computations, and the word
continued to be used in that sense until the
middle of the 20th century
TALLY STICKS
A tally stick was an ancient memory aid
device to record and document numbers,
quantities, or even messages.
ABACUS
An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual
in performing mathematical calculations.
• The abacus was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
• The abacus in the form we are most familiar with was first
used in China in around 500 B.C.
• It used to perform basic arithmetic operations.
Tim Cranmer
Napier’s Bones
• Invented by John Napier in 1614.
• Allowed the operator to multiply,
divide and calculate square and cube
roots by moving the rods around and
placing them in specially constructed
boards.
Slide Rule
Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.
• Is based on Napier's ideas about
logarithms.
• Used primarily for – multiplication – division
– roots – logarithms – Trigonometry
• Not normally used for addition or
subtraction.
Pascaline
• Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642.
• It was its limitation to addition and
subtraction.
• It is too expensive.
Stepped Reckoner
• Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
in 1672.
• The machine that can add, subtract,
multiply and divide automatically.
Jacquard Loom
• The Jacquard loom is a mechanical loom,
invented by Joseph-Marie Jacquard in
1881.
• It is an automatic loom controlled by punched
cards.
Arithmometer
• A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar
in 1820,
• The first reliable, useful and commercially successful
calculating machine.
• The machine could perform the four basic mathematic
functions.
• The first mass-produced calculating machine.
Difference Engine and Analytical Engine
• It an automatic, mechanical calculator
designed to tabulate polynomial functions.
• Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822
and 1834
• It is the first mechanical computer.
First Computer Programmer

• In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron


suggests to Babbage that he use the
binary system.
• She writes programs for the
Analytical Engine.
Scheutzian Calculation Engine
• Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.
• Based on Charles Babbage's difference
engine.
• The first printing calculator.
Harvard Mark 1
• Also known as IBM Automatic
Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).
• Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943
• The first electro-mechanical computer
Z1
• The first programmable computer.
• Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from
1936 to 1938.
• To program the Z1 required that the user insert
punch tape into a punch tape reader
and all output was also generated through punch
tape.
Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
• It was the first electronic digital computing device.
• Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and
graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa
State University between 1939 and 1942.
ENIAC
• ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer.
• It was the first electronic general-purpose computer,
Completed in 1946.
• Developed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
UNIVAC 1
• The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1) was the
first commercial computer.
• Designed by John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.
EDVAC
• EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
• The First Stored Program Computer
• Designed by Von Neumann in 1952.
• It has a memory to hold both a stored program as well as data.
The First Portable Computer
• Osborne 1 – the first portable computer.
• Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer
Corporation.
The First Computer Company
• The first computer company was the Electronic Controls
Company.
• Founded in 1949 by John Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.

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