PHYSICS (XII SCIENCE) Prof.

Prakash Patil (9821271237)

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10. Magnetic effect of electric current

❖ Numericals from textbook

1 A circular coil of conducting wire has 500 turns and an area 1.26 x 10 -4 m2 is enclosed
by the coil. A current of 100 A is passed through the coil. Calculate the magnetic moment
of the coil. (10.4/ page 239)
Answer
Magnetic moment of coil is,
M = NIA
M = 500  100  10 −6  1.26  10 −4
M = 6.3  10 −6 Am2
2.

Find the magnitude and direction of magnetic field at Point O. (10.5/ page 242)
Answer
Point O lies on the axis of current carrying segment
I and III
BI = BIII = 0
Point O lies at the centre of semicircular coil carrying the current in clockwise direction.
 NI
BII = 0  ()c
4 R
So net magnetic field is,
BR = BI + BII + BIII
 NI
B R = 0 + 0  ( ) c + 0
4 R
 I
B R = 0  ( )c
4 R
 I
BR = 0 
4 R
According to right hand loop rule magnetic field is normally inward.
3. Consider a closely wound 1000 turn coil, having radius of 1 m. If current of 10 A passes
through the coil What will be the magnitude of magnetic field of Induction at its centre?
(10.6/ page 245)

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Answer
 0 NI c
B=  ( )
4 R
For complete circle
 NI
B = 0  ( 2 ) c
4 R
1000  10  2  3.14
B = 10 − 7 
1
−3
B = 6.28  10 T
4. A coaxial cable consists of a central conducting core wire of radius a and a coaxial
cylindrical outer conductor of radius b (see figure). The two conductors carry an equal
current I in opposite directions in and out of the plane of the paper. What will be the
magnitude of the magnetic field B for?

i. a < r < b and ii. b < r? What will be its direction? (10.7/ page 246)

Answer
By symmetry, B will be tangent to any circle centered on the central conductor. Consider a circle
of radius r such that a < r < b.
Applying Ampere’s
i.Magnetic field for a < r < b
 
  B . d =  0 

 B  2r =  0 

0 
 B=  ,a  r  b
2 r
ii. For r > b,
 
  B . d =  0 ( −  ) = 0
… ( The two current are equal and opposite)
 B  2r = 0 r > b
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5. A solenoid of length 25 cm has inner radius of 1 cm and is made up of 250 turns of copper
wire. For a current of 3 A in it, what will be the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the
solenoid? (10.8/ page 248)
Answer

Given:  = 25 cm = 0.25 m, Inner radius r = 1 cm = 10 −3 m , N = 250 turns

i=3A
To find: Magnetic field
Formula: B =  0ni

Calculation: Using formula,

250
B = 4  10 − 7  3
0.25

B = 4  10 −7  10 3  3
B = 3.77  10−3 T
6. A piece of straight wire has mass 20 g and length 1 m. It is to be levitated using a current
of 1 A flowing through it and a perpendicular magnetic field B in a horizontal direction.
What must be the magnitude of B? (2/ page 249)

Answer

Given: m = 20 g = 20  10 −3 kg ,  = 1m ,  = 1 A ,  = 90
To find: Magnitude of magnetic field (B)
Formulae: i. FB = B ii. FG = mg

Calculation: At equilibrium,
FB = FG

From formula (i) and (ii)

B = mg

mg
B=


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20  10 −3  9.8
=
1 1

= 196  10 −3 = 0.196 T
7. Calculate the value of magnetic field at a distance of 2 cm from a very long straight wire
carrying a current 0f 5A. (3/ page249)
Answer
 2I
B= 0 
4 R
25
B = 10 − 7 
2  10 − 2
B = 5  10−5 T
8. An electron is moving with the speed of 3 x 107 m/s In a magnetic field of 6 x 10-4 T.
Perpendicular to its path. What will be the radius of its path? What will be the frequency
and energy in keV. (4/ page 249)
Answer.
mv 2
(a) = evB
r
mv
r=
eB
9.1 10 −31  3  10 7
r=
1.6  10 −19  6  10 − 4
9.1  10 −1
r=
3 .2
r = 2.84  10−1 m
r = 28.4 cm
(b) Frequency is,
1 qB
f= =
T 2m
1.6  10 −19  6  10 −4
f=
2  3.14  9.1 10 − 31
4.8  10 8
f=
3.14  9.1
48  10 7
f=
28 .574
f = 1.68  107 Hz

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(c) kinetic energy is,
1
EK = mv 2
2
1
EK =  9.1 10 − 31  (3  10 7 )2
2
EK = 0.5  9.1 9  10−17
EK = 40.95  10−17 J
40.95  10 −17
EK = eV
1.6  10 −19
EK = 25.59  102 eV
EK = 2.559 keV
9. An alpha particle is accelerated and moves in vacuum tube with kinetic energy 10 MeV. It
passes through a Uniform magnetic field of 1.88 T and traces a circular path of radius
24.6 cm. Obtain the Mass of alpha particle. (5/ page 249)
Answer.
1 1 q2B 2r 2
(a) EK = mv 2 =
2 2 m
2 2 2
1q B r
m=
2 Ek
1 (2  1.6  10 −19 )2  1.88  1.88  (24.6  10 −2 )2
m= 
2 10  1.6  10 −19  10 6
2  1.6  10 −19  3.534  605 .2  10 −4
m=
10 7
Solve by log. table
m = 6.844  10−27 kg
10. Two wires shown in the figure are connected in a series circuit and the same amount of
current of 10 A passes through both, but in opposite directions. Separation between the
two wires is 8 mm. The length AB is S = 22 cm. Obtain the direction and magnitude of the
magnetic field due to current in wire 2 on the section AB of wire 1. Also obtain the
magnitude and direction of the force on wire 1. (0 = 4  10−7 T-m/A) (6/ page 249)
Solution:

Given: | 1 | = |  2 | =  ,  = 10 A , d = 8 mm = 8  10 −3 m ,

L = 22 cm = 22  10 −2 m ,  0 = 4  10 −7 T m / A
To find: i. Magnitude and direction of magnetic field.
ii. magnitude and direction of force

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μ0 2I μ0 2Ι1 Ι2
Formulae: i. B= × ii. F = × ×L
4π R 4π d
Calculation: From formula (i),
10−7 ×2×10
B= …. (here, R = d)
8×10−3

= 0.25  10 −3
= 2.5  10−4 T
By using right hand thumb rule, direction of magnetic field due to
current in wire 2 on section AB of wire 1 is into the plane of paper.
From formula (ii),
10−7 ×2×10×10
F= × 22 × 10−2
8×10−3

= 0.25  22  10 −7 + 2 − 2 + 3
= 5.5  10−4 N
From Flemings’ left hand rule, force is repulsive i.e., in leftward of wire 1.
Ans.: i. The magnitude of magnetic field is 2.5  10−11 T and its direction in into the plane of
paper.
ii. The force is repulsive and acting leftward to wire 1 with magnitude 5.5  10−4 N.
11. A very long straight wire carries a current of 5.2 A Calculate the value of magnetic field
at a distance of 3.1 cm from the wire. (7/ page 249)
Answer
 2I
B= 0 
4 R
2  5 .2
B = 10 − 7 
3.1 10 − 2
B = 3.35  10 −5 T
12. Current of equal magnitude flows through two long parallel wires having separation of
1.35 cm If force per unit length of each wire is 4.76 x 10-2 N What must be the current
I? (8/ page 249)
F  2I I
f= 1 = 0  1 2
L 4 d
Since I1= I2 =I
 0 2I2
f= 
4 d
10−7 ×2
4.76 × 10−2 = × I2
1.35×10−2
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4.76×1.35×10−4
I2 =
2×10−7
I = 3.213 × 103
2

I = 56.68 A
13. Magnetic field at a distance 2.4 cm from a long straight wire is 16 T. What must be current
through the wire? (9/ page 249)
Solution:

Given: B = 16 T = 16  10 −6 T , R = 2.3 cm = 2.4  10 −2 m ,  0 = 4  10 −7 Tm / A

To find: Electric current

μ0 2I
Formula: B= ×
4π R
Calculation: From formula,
 0 2I
B= 
4 R
2I
16  10 − 6 = 10 − 7 
2.4  10 − 2
I = 1.2  16  10 −8 + 7
I = 1.92 A

14. The magnetic field at the centre of a circular current carrying loop of radius 12.3 cm is 6.4
 10−6 T. What will be the magnetic moment of the loop? (10/ page 249)

Given: B = 6.4  10 −6 T , r = 12.3 cm = 12.3  10 −2 m

To find: Magnetic moment (m)
μ0 I
Formula: B= and M = NIA
2r
Calculation: From formula,
M = NIA
2Br
M = (1)( ) × πr 2
μ0
2Br
M=( ) × πr 2
4π×10−7
Br
M=( ) × r2
2 × 10−7
6.4 × 10−6 × (12.3 × 10−2 )3
M=
2 × 10−7
M = 5.954 × 10−2 Am2
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15. A circular loop of radius 9.7 cm carries a current 2.3 A. Obtain the magnitude of the
magnetic field
i. at the centre of the loop and
ii. at a distance of 9.7 cm from the centre of the loop but on the axis. (11/ page 250)

Given: R = 9.7 cm = 9.7  10 −2 m ,  = 2.3 A , z = 9.7 cm = 9.7  10 −2 m

To find: Magnetic field i. at the centre of the loop ii. on the axis
0 μ0 2NΙA
Formulae: i. Bc = ii. Ba = × (z2
2R 4𝜋 +R2 )3/2

Calculation: From formula (i),

4  10 −7  2.3
Bc =
2  9.7  10 − 2
2  3.142  2.3
=  10 − 7 + 2
9.7

= 1.489  10 −5
 1.49  10−5 T
From formula (ii),
μ0 2NΙA
Ba = × 3
4𝜋 (z2 +R2 )2

Z=R=x
μ0 2NΙ(πx2 )
Ba = × 3
4𝜋 (2𝑥 2 )2
μ0 Ι(π)
Ba = ×
4𝜋 √2𝑥
10−7 ×2.3×3.142
=
1.414×9.7×10−2
= 0.5268  10−5
Ba = 5.268  10−6 T
16. A circular coil of wire is made up of 100 turns, each of radius 8 cm. If a current of 0.4 A
passes through it what is the magnetic field at the centre of coil. (12/ page 250)
Answer
 NI
B = 0  ( ) c
4 R
 NI
B = 0  ( 2 )
4 R
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10 −7  100  0.4  2  3.14
B=
8  10 − 2
B = 3.14  10 −4 T
17. A proton acceleration, a cyclotron is used in which a magnetic field of 1.4 Wb/m2 is
applied. Find the time period of reversing electric field between dees. (13/ page 250)
Answer
2m
T=
qB
2  3.14  1.66  10 −27
T=
1.6  10 −19  1.4
10 .42  10 −8
T=
2.24
10 .42  10 −8
T=
2.24
T = 4.65  10 −8 s
Time required for reversing the electric field is,
T
t=
2
4.65  10 −8
t=
2
t = 2.325  10 −8 s
18. A moving coil galvanometer has been fitted with rectangular coil of 50 turns and
dimensions 5 cm x 3 cm. The radial magnetic field in which the coil is suspended is of
0.05 Wb/m2. The torsional constant of spring is 1.5 x 10-9 Nm/degree. Obtain the current
required through the galvanometer so as to produce a deflection of 300 (14/ page 250)
Answer
NAB
φ=( ) I
K
K
I = φ( )
NAB
30×1.5×10−9
I=
50×15×10−4 ×0.05
45×10−9
I=
5×15×10−3 ×5×10−2
3
I= × 10−4
25
I = 1.2 × 10−5 A
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19. A solenoid of length  m and 5 cm in diameter has windings of 1000 turns and carries a
current of 5 A Calculate the magnetic field at its centre along the axis (15/ page 250)
Answer
For solenoid carrying electric current
N
B =  0nI =  0 ( ) I
L
1000
B = 4  10 − 7  ( )5

B = 2  10−3 T
20. A toroid of narrow radius of 10 cm has 1000 turns of the wire. For magnetic field of
5 x 10-2 T along its axis how much current is required to pass through it. (16/ page 250)
Answer
For toroid carrying electric current
N
B =  0nI =  0 ( )I
2r
1000
5  10 − 2 = 4  10 − 7 ( )I
2  0.1
5  10 −2 = 2  10 −3  I
I = 25 A
21. In cyclotron protons are to be accelerated. Radius of D is 60 cm and its oscillator
frequency is 10 MHz What will be the kinetic energy of proton thus accelerated?
(17/ page 250)
Answer
1
Ek = mv 2
2
1
Ek = m(r)2
2
1
Ek = mr 2 (2f )2
2
1
Ek =  1.67  10 − 27  (0.6)2  4  (3.14 )2  (10 7 )2
2
Ek = 2  1.67  10−13  (0.36)  (3.14)2
Solve by log. Table
Ek = 11.86  10 −13 J
11.86  10 −13
Ek = eV
1.6  10 −19
Ek = 7.413  106 eV
Ek = 7.413 MeV

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22. Find the magnitude and direction of magnetic field at the point P (18/ page 250)

Magnetic field of induction at point P due to three quarter circle is,

 NI
B1 = 0  ()c
4 R
 I 
B1 = 0  (3 )c ---(i)
4 R 2
Directed normally inward.
Magnetic field of induction at point P due to diameter is,
B2 = 0 ---(ii)
Magnetic field of induction at point P due to chord is,
 I
B = 0  (sin 1 + sin  2 )
4 x
0 2 I
B3 =  (sin 45 0 + sin 45 0 )
4 R
0 2 I
B3 =  (sin 45 0 + sin 45 0 )
4 R
0 2 I 1 1
B3 =  ( + )
4 R 2 2
 2I
B3 = 0 
4 R
Directed normally inward
Net magnetic field is
BR = B1 + B 2 + B 3
0 I   2I
BR =  (3 )c + 0 + 0 
4 R 2 4 R
 I 3
BR = 0  [ + 2]
4 R 2
Directed normally inward

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23. Two long parallel wires going into the plane of the paper are separated by a distance R,
and carry a current I each in the same direction. Show that the magnitude of the magnetic
field at a point P equidistant from the wires and subtending angle  from the plane
𝛍 𝚰
containing the wires, is 𝐁 = 𝛑𝟎 𝐑 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝛉. What is the direction of the magnetic field?

(19/ page 250)

Let R be the distance between straight conductors 1 and 2 carrying the current into the paper.
Let point P is equidistance (r) from wire 1 and 2, magnitude of magnetic field at point P due to
wire 1 and 2 are,
μ0 2I
B1 = B2 = × -------(i)
4π r
Direction of B1 is perpendicular to segment (1)P and direction of B2 is perpendicular to segment
(2)P
Resultant magnetic field at point P is,
BR = B1 cos ∅ + B2 cos ∅
BR = 2B1 cos ∅
μ 2I
BR = 2 ( 0 × ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅ − − − − − − − (𝑖)
4π r
Using one of the right-angled triangles
R
2
cosθ =
r
R
r=
2cosθ
Put in (i)
μ0 4Icosθ
BR = 2 ( × ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠∅
4π R
μ0 4Icosθ 𝜋
BR = 2 ( × ) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 2 − 𝜃)
4π R
μ0 4Icosθ
BR = 2 ( × ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
4π R
μ0 4I
BR = × (2cosθsinθ)
4π R
μ0 I
BR = ( × × sin2θ)
π R
Direction of magnetic field will be parallel to plane containing two wires and rightward.

24. (i) Figure shows a cylindrical wire carrying a current I. The current density which is in
the direction of the central axis of the wire varies linearly with radial distance r from
the axis according to the relation J = J0 r/a. Obtain the magnetic field B inside the wire
at a distance r from its centre. (20/ page 250)
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(ii) In the above problem, what will be the magnetic field B inside the wire at a distance r
from its centre, if the current density J is uniform across the cross section of the wire?
(21/ page 250)

Ans.: For part (i):

a. Considering Amperian loop of radius r, applying Ampere’s law, magnetic field inside wire.

∮ ⃑B. ⃑⃑⃑⃑
dℓ = μ0 Ι
B(2πr) = μ0 Ι -------(i)
b. Consider hollow cylindrical part of conductor of radius r and thickness dr. Current through
this part is,
current
dΙ = × volume of current element
volume
dΙ = current density × volume of current element
 dΙ = J(2πrdr)
J0 r  J r
d = (2rdr ) ..... Given : J = 0 
a  a 
Integrating,
rJ0r J r
= (2rdr ) = 0 2  r 2 dr
0 a a 0

J0 2 3
= (r ) -------- (ii)
3a
Combining equations (i) and (ii),
 0 J0 (2) (r 3 )
B (2r ) =
3a
 0 J0r 2
 B=
3a
This is the required equation.
For part (ii) :
For uniform current density J, d = J(2rdr )
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r r r2
 =  J (2rdr ) = 2J  r dr = 2J = Jr 2
0 0 2
Put in (i)
 B(2r ) =  0 ( Jr 2 )

0J r
B=
2
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