Here are some academically deep jargons for "Demographic Dividend" tailored for GS-1,

GS-2, and GS-3 in UPSC Mains:

Terms in the News

1. Silver Dividend: This term refers to the potential economic and social benefits that can
arise from an aging population, particularly when older individuals remain active
contributors to the economy. In India, discussions have emerged about leveraging the
"silver generation" to aid the economy, emphasizing the integration of experienced
workers above the age of 50 into the workforce. citeturn0search0

2. Demographic Winter: This phrase describes the phenomenon of declining birth rates
leading to an aging population and potential economic challenges. Concerns have been
raised about the global population peaking and subsequently declining, which could
result in significant societal impacts. citeturn0search14

3. Silver Tsunami: A metaphorical term highlighting the rapid increase in the elderly
population, posing both challenges and opportunities for economies and healthcare
systems. The aging population presents economic and societal challenges, including
greater healthcare costs, but also opportunities as people live longer and continue to
contribute to society. citeturn0search8

Theories Related to Demographic Dividend

1. Demographic Transition Theory: This theory outlines the transition from high birth and
death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops economically. It comprises
four stages: pre-transition, transition, post-transition, and post-industrial. The
demographic dividend is typically realized during the transition phase when the birth rate
declines, leading to a larger proportion of the working-age population. citeturn0search9

2. Malthusian Theory: Proposed by Thomas Malthus, this theory suggests that population
growth tends to outpace the growth of resources, leading to potential crises unless
checked by moral restraints or disasters. While not directly related to the demographic
dividend, it provides a foundational understanding of population dynamics.
citeturn0search7

3. Second Demographic Dividend: This concept posits that as populations age, there can
be a boost to the economy if older individuals accumulate assets and savings, leading to
increased capital per worker. This requires policies that promote savings and
investments among the aging population. citeturn0search11
 4. Education-Driven Demographic Dividend: Recent studies suggest that improvements
in education, rather than changes in age structure alone, drive the demographic
dividend. Enhancing human capital through education leads to economic growth, even in
the context of demographic changes.

GS-1: Society

1. Youth bulge: A significant proportion of young individuals in a population, offering a

potential for economic growth.
2. Dependency ratio inversion: A shift where the working-age population outnumbers
dependents, leading to greater economic productivity.
3. Cohort transition: Movement of a large generation through different stages of life,
impacting societal structures.

GS-2: Governance and Social Justice

1. Demographic governance: Policies and frameworks aimed at leveraging the

demographic dividend for national development.
2. Skill-capital mismatch: The gap between available skills in the workforce and the
demands of the economy, hindering full utilization of the demographic dividend.
3. Human capital optimization: Investment in education, health, and skill development to
maximize productivity and social outcomes.

GS-3: Economy and Development

1. Growth elasticity of labor: The responsiveness of economic growth to changes in the

labor force, a critical metric in harnessing the demographic dividend.
2. Population window of opportunity: A finite period during which the demographic
dividend can be exploited before the aging population increases dependency ratios.
3. Dual-sector spillover: Interactions between the formal and informal sectors, crucial in
absorbing a burgeoning workforce during the demographic dividend phase.

Here’s an updated list of academically rich jargons for "Demographic Dividend," incorporating
terms like Demographic Winter and other advanced phrases relevant to GS-1, GS-2, and
GS-3:
GS-1: Society

1. Youth bulge: A high proportion of young people in the population, offering potential for
growth but also challenges like unemployment if unaddressed.
2. Demographic winter: A phase where fertility rates fall below replacement levels,
leading to population aging and economic stagnation.
3. Population momentum: The tendency for population growth to continue despite
declining fertility rates due to a large base of young individuals.

GS-2: Governance and Social Justice

1. Demographic dividend vs. demographic debt: While the former refers to economic
benefits from a youthful population, the latter signifies burdens arising from an aging
population or over-dependence.
2. Silver tsunami: A metaphor describing the rapid aging of the population and its
implications for social security and healthcare systems.
3. Generational equity: Fair distribution of resources, opportunities, and burdens across
generations, especially critical in demographic transitions.

GS-3: Economy and Development

1. Aging economy trap: Economic stagnation due to a high dependency ratio and lack of
a sufficient working-age population.
2. Fertility replacement threshold: The level of fertility at which a population exactly
replaces itself from one generation to the next, typically around 2.1 children per woman.
3. Longevity dividend: Economic opportunities arising from an aging population, such as
expanding healthcare, wellness, and senior-oriented industries.

GS-1: Society

1. Population Pyramid Inversion: A scenario where the age structure of a population

shifts from a traditional pyramid shape (with a broad base of young individuals) to an
inverted pyramid (with a larger elderly population), indicating aging demographics.

2. Fertility Transition: The shift from high to low fertility rates in a population, often
associated with socioeconomic development and changes in societal norms.
 3. Population Momentum: The continued growth of a population after fertility rates have
declined, due to a previously high proportion of individuals in their childbearing years.

GS-2: Governance and Social Justice

1. Demographic Governance: The formulation and implementation of policies aimed at

managing demographic changes to promote sustainable development.

2. Intergenerational Equity: Fairness in the distribution of resources and opportunities

between different generations, ensuring that the needs of both current and future
populations are met.

3. Population Policy: Strategic measures undertaken by a government to influence

population size, distribution, and composition to achieve specific developmental goals.

GS-3: Economy and Development

1. Second Demographic Dividend: The economic boost that can occur when an aging
population accumulates assets and savings, leading to increased capital per worker.

2. Dependency Ratio: The ratio of dependents (individuals aged below 15 and above 64)
to the working-age population, influencing economic productivity and social support
systems.

3. Human Capital Formation: The process of increasing the education, skills, and health
of the workforce, enhancing productivity and economic growth.

_______________________________

1. Frictional Unemployment: Short-term unemployment caused by individuals

transitioning between jobs, especially in urbanized and growing economies.

Informalization of Labor: The growing prevalence of informal employment without job security,
social benefits, or legal protection.

Gig Economy:
Skill Mismatch: A disconnect between the skills of the workforce and the demands of the labor
market, often linked to outdated education systems.

Youth Unemployment Paradox: High unemployment among educated youth due to a lack of
suitable job opportunities.

Employment Elasticity: The degree to which employment responds to changes in economic

output (e.g., India's declining employment elasticity despite growth).

Horizontal and Vertical Segregation: Concentration of women in specific low-paying sectors

(horizontal) and their limited access to higher positions (vertical).

Automation-Induced Unemployment: Job losses caused by technological advancements like

AI, robotics, and machine learning.

Disguised Unemployment: A situation where more people are employed than required,
particularly in rural agriculture.

Urban Employment Puzzle: A phenomenon where urban areas experience both higher
economic growth and persistent unemployment.

Reverse Migration: The movement of workers back to rural areas due to lack of urban
employment opportunities, highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Unemployment Hysteresis: The phenomenon where high unemployment persists even after
economic recovery due to structural factors.

Precarious Employment: Work that is insecure, uncertain, and offers minimal social benefits or
legal protections. In India, the rise of contract labor and gig economy jobs has increased
precarious employment.

Okun's Law: An observed relationship between unemployment and losses in a country's

production. It posits that for every 1% increase in the unemployment rate, a country's GDP will
be roughly an additional 2% lower than its potential GDP.