Jee Advanced 2025 Syllabus
Jee Advanced 2025 Syllabus
CHEMISTRY
General topics
Concept of atoms and molecules; Dalton’s atomic theory; Mole concept;
Chemical formulae; Balanced chemical equations; Calculations (based on
mole concept and stoichiometry) involving common oxidation-reduction,
neutralisation, and displacement reactions; Concentration in terms of mole
fraction, molarity, molality and normality.
Chemical Kinetics
Rates of chemical reactions; Order and molecularity of reactions; Rate law,
rate constant, half-life; Differential and integrated rate expressions for zero
and first order reactions; Temperature dependence of rate constant (Arrhenius
equation and activation energy); Catalysis: Homogeneous and heterogeneous,
activity and selectivity of solid catalysts, enzyme catalysis and its mechanism.
Solid State
Classification of solids, crystalline state, seven crystal systems (cell
parameters a, b, c, α, β, γ), close packed structure of solids (cubic and
hexagonal), packing in fcc, bcc and hcp lattices; Nearest neighbours, ionic
radii and radius ratio, point defects.
Solutions
Henry’s law; Raoult’s law; Ideal solutions; Colligative properties: lowering of
vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, and
osmotic pressure; van’t Hoff factor.
Surface Chemistry
Elementary concepts of adsorption: Physisorption and Chemisorption,
Freundlich adsorption isotherm; Colloids: types, methods of preparation and
general properties; Elementary ideas of emulsions, surfactants and micelles
(only definitions and examples).
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Modern periodic law and the present form of periodic table; electronic
configuration of elements; periodic trends in atomic radius, ionic radius,
ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states,
electronegativity, and chemical reactivity.
Hydrogen
Position of hydrogen in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, preparation,
properties and uses of hydrogen; hydrides – ionic, covalent and interstitial;
physical and chemical properties of water, heavy water; hydrogen peroxide-
preparation, reactions, use and structure; hydrogen as a fuel.
s-Block Elements
Alkali and alkaline earth metals-reactivity towards air, water, dihydrogen,
halogens, acids; their reducing nature including solutions in liquid ammonia;
uses of these elements; general characteristics of their oxides, hydroxides,
halides, salts of oxoacids; anomalous behaviour of lithium and beryllium;
preparation, properties, and uses of compounds of sodium (sodium carbonate,
sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate) and calcium
(calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate).
p-Block Elements
Oxidation state and trends in chemical reactivity of elements of groups 13-17;
anomalous properties of boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine with
respect to other elements in their respective groups.
Group 13: Reactivity towards acids, alkalis, and halogens; preparation,
properties, and uses of borax, orthoboric acid, diborane, boron trifluoride,
aluminium chloride, and alums; uses of boron and aluminium.
Group 14: Reactivity towards water and halogen; allotropes of carbon and
uses of carbon; preparation, properties, and uses of carbon monoxide, carbon
dioxide, silicon dioxide, silicones, silicates, zeolites.
Group 15: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and halogen; allotropes of
phosphorous; preparation, properties, and uses of dinitrogen, ammonia, nitric
acid, phosphine, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus pentachloride; oxides of
nitrogen and oxoacids of phosphorus.
Group 16: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and halogen; simple oxides;
allotropes of sulfur; preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses of
dioxygen, ozone, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid; oxoacids of sulfur.
Group 17: Reactivity towards hydrogen, oxygen, and metals;
preparation/manufacture, properties, and uses of chlorine, hydrogen chloride
and interhalogen compounds; oxoacids of halogens, bleaching powder.
Group 18: Chemical properties and uses; compounds of xenon with fluorine
and oxygen.
d-Block Elements
Oxidation states and their stability; standard electrode potentials; interstitial
compounds; alloys; catalytic properties; applications; preparation, structure,
and reactions of oxoanions of chromium and manganese.
f-Block Elements
Lanthanoid and actinoid contractions; oxidation states; general characteristics.
Coordination Compounds
Werner’s theory; Nomenclature, cis-trans and ionization isomerism,
hybridization and geometries (linear, tetrahedral, square planar and
octahedral) of mononuclear coordination compounds; Bonding [VBT and
CFT (octahedral and tetrahedral fields)]; Magnetic properties (spin-only) and
colour of 3d-series coordination compounds; Ligands and spectrochemical
series; Stability; Importance and applications; Metal carbonyls.
Isolation of Metals
Metal ores and their concentration; extraction of crude metal from
concentrated ores: thermodynamic (iron, copper, zinc) and electrochemical
(aluminium) principles of metallurgy; cyanide process (silver and gold);
refining.
Principles of Qualitative Analysis
Groups I to V (only Ag+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cr3+, Al3+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Zn2+,
Mn2+ and Mg2+); Nitrate, halides (excluding fluoride), carbonate and
bicarbonate, sulphate and sulphide.
Environmental Chemistry
Atmospheric pollution; water pollution; soil pollution; industrial waste;
strategies to control environmental pollution; green chemistry.
Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry
Hybridisation of carbon; σ and π-bonds; Shapes of simple organic molecules;
aromaticity; Structural and geometrical isomerism; Stereoisomers and
stereochemical relationship (enantiomers, diastereomers, meso) of
compounds containing only up to two asymmetric centres (R,S and E,Z
configurations excluded); Determination of empirical and molecular formulae
of simple compounds by combustion method only; IUPAC nomenclature of
organic molecules (hydrocarbons, including simple cyclic hydrocarbons and
their mono-functional and bi-functional derivatives only); Hydrogen
bonding
effects; Inductive, Resonance and Hyperconjugative effects; Acidity and
basicity of organic compounds; Reactive intermediates produced during
homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavage; Formation, structure and stability of
carbocations, carbanions and free radicals.
Alkanes
Homologous series; Physical properties (melting points, boiling points and
density) and effect of branching on them; Conformations of ethane and butane
(Newman projections only); Preparation from alkyl halides and aliphatic
carboxylic acids; Reactions: combustion, halogenation (including
allylic and benzylic halogenation) and oxidation.
Alkenes and Alkynes
Physical properties (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Preparation
by elimination reactions; Acid catalysed hydration (excluding the
stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Metal acetylides; Reactions of
alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes;
Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X 2, HX, HOX, (X=halogen);
Effect of peroxide on addition reactions; cyclic polymerization reaction of
alkynes.
Benzene
Structure; Electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation, nitration,
sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation; Effect of directing
groups (monosubstituted benzene) in these reactions.
Phenols
Physical properties; Preparation, Electrophilic substitution reactions of phenol
(halogenation, nitration, sulphonation); Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe
reaction; Esterification; Etherification; Aspirin synthesis; Oxidation and
reduction reactions of phenol.
Alkyl Halides
Rearrangement reactions of alkyl carbocation; Grignard reactions;
Nucleophilic substitution reactions and their stereochemical aspects.
Alcohols
Physical properties; Reactions: esterification, dehydration (formation of
alkenes and ethers); Reactions with: sodium, phosphorus halides,
ZnCl2/concentrated HCl, thionyl chloride; Conversion of alcohols into
aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids.
Ethers
Preparation by Williamson’s synthesis; C-O bond cleavage reactions.
Aldehydes and Ketones
Preparation of: aldehydes and ketones from acid chlorides and nitriles;
aldehydes from esters; benzaldehyde from toluene and benzene; Reactions:
oxidation, reduction, oxime and hydrazone formation; Aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction; Haloform reaction; Nucleophilic addition reaction with
RMgX, NaHSO3, HCN, alcohol, amine.
Carboxylic Acids
Physical properties; Preparation: from nitriles, Grignard reagents, hydrolysis
of esters and amides; Preparation of benzoic acid from alkylbenzenes;
Reactions: reduction, halogenation, formation of esters, acid chlorides and
amides.
Amines
Preparation from nitro compounds, nitriles and amides; Reactions: Hoffmann
bromamide degradation, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis; Reaction with nitrous
acid, Azo coupling reaction of diazonium salts of aromatic amines;
Sandmeyer and related reactions of diazonium salts; Carbylamine reaction,
Hinsberg test, Alkylation and acylation reactions.
Haloarenes
Reactions: Fittig, Wurtz-Fittig; Nucleophilic aromatic substitution in
haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding benzyne mechanism and
cine substitution).
Biomolecules
Carbohydrates: Classification; Mono- and di-saccharides (glucose and
sucrose); Oxidation; Reduction; Glycoside formation and hydrolysis of
disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose); Anomers.
Proteins: Amino acids; Peptide linkage; Structure of peptides (primary and
secondary); Types of proteins (fibrous and globular).
Nucleic acids: Chemical composition and structure of DNA and RNA.
Polymers
Types of polymerization (addition, condensation); Homo and copolymers;
Natural rubber; Cellulose; Nylon; Teflon; Bakelite; PVC; Bio-degradable
polymers; Applications of polymers.
Chemistry in Everyday Life
Drug-target interaction; Therapeutic action, and examples (excluding
structures), of antacids, antihistamines, tranquilizers, analgesics,
antimicrobials, and antifertility drugs; Artificial sweeteners (names only);
Soaps, detergents, and cleansing action.
Practical Organic Chemistry
Detection of elements (N, S, halogens); Detection and identification of the
following functional groups: hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl
(aldehyde and ketone), carboxyl, amino and nitro.
MATHEMATICS
Sets and their representations, different kinds of sets (empty, finite and
infinite), algebra of sets, intersection, complement, difference and symmetric
difference of sets and their algebraic properties, De-Morgan’s laws on union,
intersection, difference (for finite number of sets) and practical problems
based on them.Cartesian product of finite sets, ordered pair, relations, domain
and codomain of relations, equivalence relation.Function as a special case of
relation, functions as mappings, domain, codomain, range of functions,
invertible functions, even and odd functions, into, onto and one-to-one
functions, special functions (polynomial, trigonometric, exponential,
logarithmic, power, absolute value, greatest integer, etc.), sum, difference,
product and composition of functions.
Algebra
Trigonometry
Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance
of a point from a line; Lines through the point of intersection of two given
lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of
lines; Centroid, orthocentre, incentre and circumcentre of a triangle.
Locus problems.
Three dimensions: Distance between two points, direction cosines and direction
Differential Calculus
Integral Calculus
Vectors
Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot and cross products, scalar and
vector triple products, and their geometrical interpretations.
PHYSICS
General
General Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis; least count, significant
figures; Methods of measurement and error analysis for physical quantities
pertaining to the following experiments: Experiments based on using Vernier
calipers and screw gauge (micrometer), Determination of g using simple
pendulum, Young’s modulus - elasticity of the material, Surface tension of
water by capillary rise and effect of detergents. Specific heat of a liquid using
calorimeter, focal length of a concave mirror and a convex lens using u-v
method, Speed of sound using resonance column, Verification of Ohm’s law
using voltmeter and ammeter, and specific resistance of the material of a wire
using meter bridge and post office box.
Mechanics
Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only),
projectiles; Uniform circular motion; Relative velocity.
Systems of particles; Centre of mass and its motion; Impulse; Elastic and
inelastic collisions.
Thermal Physics
Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases; Calorimetry, latent heat; Heat
conduction in one dimension; Elementary concepts of convection and
radiation; Newton’s law of cooling; Ideal gas laws; Specific heats (Cv and Cp
for monoatomic and diatomic gases); Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk
modulus of gases; Equivalence of heat and work; First law of
thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases); Second law of
thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine and its
efficiency; Blackbody radiation: absorptive and emissive powers; Kirchhoff’s
law; Wien’s displacement law, Stefan’s law.
Electromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics. Electromagnetic spectrum
(radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-rays, gamma rays)
including elementary facts about their uses.
Optics
Rectilinear propagation of light; Reflection and refraction at plane and
spherical surfaces; Total internal reflection; Deviation and dispersion of light
by a prism; Thin lenses; Combinations of mirrors and thin lenses;
Magnification.