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Ex Sheet4

The document outlines definitions of continuity and uniform continuity for functions in a subset of Rn, emphasizing the difference between the two concepts. It presents exercises aimed at proving the equivalence of these definitions under the condition that the set is compact. Key exercises include proving specific properties of functions, such as continuity of f(x) = 1/x and implications of uniform continuity on boundedness.

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13 views1 page

Ex Sheet4

The document outlines definitions of continuity and uniform continuity for functions in a subset of Rn, emphasizing the difference between the two concepts. It presents exercises aimed at proving the equivalence of these definitions under the condition that the set is compact. Key exercises include proving specific properties of functions, such as continuity of f(x) = 1/x and implications of uniform continuity on boundedness.

Uploaded by

materialsforstudies100
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MATB21 Flervariabelanalys 1

Spring 2019

Centre for Mathematical Sciences


Mathematics, Faculty of Science

Exercise sheet 4
Let D be a subset of Rn and f : D → R a function. We have the following definitions.
(I) f is said to be continuous in D if for each point x ∈ D and each  > 0 there exists
a number δ = δ(x, ) > 0 such that y ∈ D, ky − xk < δ implies |f (y) − f (x)| < .
(II) f is uniformly continuous in D if for each  > 0 there exists δ = δ() > 0 such that
x, y ∈ D, kx − yk < δ implies |f (y) − f (x)| < .
Notice the subtle difference: in (II), the same number δ > 0 is chosen uniformly
throughout D (depending only on ), whereas in (I) one is allowed to choose different δ’s
at different points x in D. Clearly it is harder to satisfy (II), i.e., each uniformly continuous
function is continuous.
An important theorem states that the two definitions (I) and (II) are in fact equivalent
provided that the set D is compact. The following exercises aim at proving this statement.

1. Prove that the function f (x) = 1/x is continuous on the interval D = (0, 1), but not
uniformly continuous.

2. Let B = {x ∈ Rn ; kxk < 1} be the open unit ball in Rn . Prove that each uniformly
continuous f : B → R is bounded on B.

3. Prove that a function f : D → R is continuous if and only if f obeys the implication


xj ∈ D, x ∈ D, xj → x ⇒ f (xj ) → f (x).

4. Prove that f fails to be uniformly continuous on D if and only if there is some


 > 0 and two sequences xj , yj of points in D such that kxj − yj k ≤ 1/j for all
j ∈ {1, 2, 3, . . .} and yet |f (xj ) − f (yj )| >  for all j. (We can here replace ”1/j” by
any sequence δj of positive real numbers such that δj → 0 as j → ∞.)

5. Prove that if K is a compact subset of Rn and if f : K → R is continuous, then


f is uniformly continuous. Hint: Assume that f is continuous but not uniformly
continuous and choose  > 0 and sequences xj , yj ∈ K as above. Then use Bolzano-
Weierstrass’ theorem to extract suitable subsequences and finally use the continuity
of f to obtain a contradiction.

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