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INTERMOLECULAR FORCES and Liquid Properties

Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules, which are generally weaker than intramolecular forces. The main types of intermolecular forces include dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, London dispersion, and ion-dipole interactions. Properties of liquids, such as surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, boiling point, and vapor pressure, are influenced by the strength of these intermolecular forces.

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Jaycel Fejeder
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19 views19 pages

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES and Liquid Properties

Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules, which are generally weaker than intramolecular forces. The main types of intermolecular forces include dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, London dispersion, and ion-dipole interactions. Properties of liquids, such as surface tension, capillary action, viscosity, boiling point, and vapor pressure, are influenced by the strength of these intermolecular forces.

Uploaded by

Jaycel Fejeder
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Intermolecular Forces

Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are attractive forces between molecules.
Intramolecular forces hold atoms together within in a molecule.
A bonding forces.

Generally,
intermolecular
forces are much
weaker than
intramolecular
forces.
The forces of interaction between
molecules are referred to as
intermolecular forces/attraction
or van der Waals forces;

John van der Waals- a dutch


physicist, recognized the
existence of some type of weak
force on particles that are very
close to each other
These weak intermolecular
forces/attraction or van der Waals
forces;
1. Dipole-dipole,
2. Hydrogen bonding,
3. London dispersion
4. Ion-dipole interaction
Types of Intermolecular Forces
1. Dipole-Dipole Forces
Attractive forces between polar molecules
•These forces occur when the partially positively charged part
of a molecule interacts with the partially negatively charged
part of the neighboring molecule.

Orientation of Polar Molecules in a Solid


Types of Intermolecular Forces
2. Hydrogen Bonding (strongest)
The hydrogen bonding is a special dipole-dipole interaction
between the hydrogen atom in a polar N-H, O-H, or F-H bond
and an electronegative O, N, or F atom. IT IS NOT A BOND.
A H…B or A H…A
A & B are N, O, or F
Hydrogen Bond
Types of Intermolecular Forces
3. London Dispersion Forces – (weakest)

Attractive forces between gases


which can be liquified under correct
conditions of pressure and
temperature

Dispersion
forces usually
increase with
molar mass.
Intermolecular Forces
4. Ion-dipole interaction
Ion-dipole interaction or the force
of attraction between ion and
polar molecules .
What type(s) of intermolecular forces exist between
each of the following molecules?

HBr
HBr is a polar molecule: dipole-dipole forces. There are
also dispersion forces between HBr molecules.

CH4
CH4 is nonpolar: dispersion forces.
S
SO2
SO2 is a polar molecule: dipole-dipole forces. There are
also dispersion forces between SO2 molecules.
Determine the type of IMF exist
in the following
1. N2
2. NaCl
3. He
4. H2O
5. HF
6. NH3
7. MgBr2
8. Cl2
9. HCl
10. CHCl3
Properties of Liquids

Surface tension is the amount of energy required to stretch


or increase the surface of a liquid by a unit area.

Strong
intermolecular
forces

High
surface
tension
Properties of Liquids

•2. Capillary Action is the tendency of a liquid to rise in


narrow tubes or be drawn into small openings such as those
between grains of a rock

Strong
intermolecular
forces

High
Capillary
action
Properties of Liquids

3.Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

Strong
intermolecular
forces

High
viscosity
Properties of Liquids

4.Boiling point - The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature


at which its vapor pressure is equal to the external or
atmospheric pressure
.Increasing the temperature of a liquid raises the kinetic
energy of its molecules, until such point where the energy
of the particle movement exceeds the intermolecular forces
that hold them together.

Strong Intermolecular Force

High Boiling Point


Properties of Liquids

•5. VAPOR PRESSURE- Vaporization is a change of state


from liquid to gas, while the opposite process (gas to liquid) is
condensation. When liquid molecules break free from their
neighbors and escape into the gas phase, the process is
called evaporation.

Strong
intermolecular
forces

Low vapor
pressure
VALUING

• Just like molecules, humans are also


attracted to one another. As a
teenager, you have experienced
being attracted to someone. How did
you deal with your attractions to
others? Do you listen to your parents
for advice on this matter?
Storage of different substances at home needs
careful attention. Alcohol, acetone, and hair
sprays, even gasoline should be taken care of
to avoid fire.
Where should these substances be stored?
Why do we need extra precaution in keeping
them at home? Relate your answer to
intermolecular forces.
GROUP ACTIVITY:
FLOATING PAPER
CLIP/NEEDLE

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