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PDF Geometry Definitions 1 1

The document provides an overview of basic geometry concepts including points, lines, rays, line segments, and planes, defining each term and offering real-world examples. It explains how these undefined terms serve as foundational elements in geometry, which originated from the Greek word for measuring the Earth. Additionally, it covers concepts like angles, polygons, and the measurement of perimeter, area, and volume in two and three dimensions.

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32 views50 pages

PDF Geometry Definitions 1 1

The document provides an overview of basic geometry concepts including points, lines, rays, line segments, and planes, defining each term and offering real-world examples. It explains how these undefined terms serve as foundational elements in geometry, which originated from the Greek word for measuring the Earth. Additionally, it covers concepts like angles, polygons, and the measurement of perimeter, area, and volume in two and three dimensions.

Uploaded by

rzdogood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Anticipatory Set:

This is one example of a point and a line.

What is an example of a point in the real world?


What is an example of a line in the real world?

Jot down your ideas and be ready to share.


Geometry Definitions
In the diagram of a football field, the positions of players are represented by
points. The yard lines suggest lines, and the flat surface of the playing field can
be thought of as a plane.

Three terms, points, lines and planes are the building


blocks to define other terms in geometry. Geometry depends on a common
understanding of terms such as point, line, and plane. Because these terms cannot be
mathematically defined using other known words, they are called undefined terms.
The term geometry is derived from the Greek word
geometria, meaning "to measure the Earth." In its
most basic sense, then, geometry was a branch of
mathematics originally developed and used to
measure common features of Earth.

Plane geometry deals with figures that can be


represented in zero, one and two dimensions, or
extended into three dimensions.
Zero dimensions: Point
Definition:
Point: A point is an exact location in space. It is represented
by a small dot, but it has no size at all.

Diagram:

Naming: Points are labeled with capital letters.


Points A, B, or C.
One dimension: Line
Definition:
Line: A line has one dimension. It extends without end in two directions.
It is represented by a line with two arrowheads. A line has no width.

Diagram:

Naming: Lines are named by using any two points


OR by using a single lower-cased letter. Arrowheads
show the line continues without end in opposite
directions. Any two points on a line can be used to
name a line. The order the points are listed does not
matter.
One dimension: Ray
Definition:
Ray: A ray is a portion of a line that starts at an initial point, called an
endpoint, and continue infinitely (without end) in the opposite direction.

Diagram:

Naming: There are two ways to name a ray.


1. Name the endpoint first and then name another point on
the ray (since it extends forever you can pick any one of
them). The symbol for a ray is an arrow, facing to the right.
2. Name with a single lower case point.

This ray would be called simply "ray q".


Order is important!
One dimension: Line segment
Definition:
Line segment: A portion of a line or ray that extends from one point to
another point. A line segment has a finite length.

Diagram:

Naming: A segment is named with its two


endpoints and a bar written over top of it. The order of
the end points does NOT matter.
POINT OF INTERSECTION
The term intersect is used when lines, rays or line segments meet, that is, they share a common
point. The point they share is called the point of intersection.
Collinear points
Three or more points that lie on the same line are collinear. Two
points are always collinear. Two points are always collinear. You can
always draw a straight line between two points.

Noncollinear points
Three or more points that could not be connected by a single line.
Practice:
Remember that even though only a few points are marked,
a line is composed of an infinite number of points. You can
always find another point in between two other points.
Angle
The intersection of two rays that share an endpoint.
Angles are formed when two rays share a common endpoint.

Vertex
The common endpoint two rays share in an angle.

Rays BC and AB intersect at point B to create ∠CBA or ∠ABC.


Two dimensions: Plane
Definition:
Plane: In geometry, a plane has no thickness but extends indefinitely in all directions. A
plane is like a flat piece of land (like a football field) that extends forever. Planes are usually
represented by a shape that looks like a tabletop or a parallelogram. Even though the
diagram of a plane has edges, you must remember that the plane has no boundaries. A
plane is named by a single letter (plane m) or by three non-collinear points (plane ABC). Two
points or lines that lie on the same plane are coplanar.

Diagram: Naming: You can name a plane either


by a letter (which is not a point) or by naming
at three noncollinear points in a plane.
Two dimensions: Plane
A polygon is a closed figure that is the union of line segments in
a plane.   A polygon has three or more sides. Polygons are
named by the number of sides they have.

A polygon is a finite portion of a plane. They extend in two


directions so they have length and width. Because they are
finite, they can be measured.
Naming: You name circles by the center point.
Arc of a circle – the two points on the circle and the
continuous (unbroken) part of the circle between the two
points.
B
Naming: You name arcs by the two points, the starting and
ending point, if less than 180 degrees. Arcs are labeled with an arc
symbol above.

A AB

Naming: You name arcs by the two points, the starting and
ending point plus a point in between the endpoints, if greater than
180 degrees.

HKN
Measuring in two dimensions:
Perimeter is the distance around a figure. Circumference is the
distance around a circle. Perimeter and circumference are
measured in units of length, such as meters (m) and feet (ft).

Area is the amount of surface covered by a figure. It is


measured in square units, such as square meters (m2) and
square feet (ft2)
Three dimensions: Solids
A solid figure extends a finite plane into three dimensions.

Prisms

Pyramids

The volume of a solid body is the amount of "space" it occupies. Volume has
units of length cubed. We measure volume as a cubic unit.
Closing:
Make a chart with the headings:
0 dimensions
1 dimension
2 dimensions
3 dimensions

Under each heading list as many ideas/concepts that fit with


each of the headings. Include the terms from the lesson, as well
as real world examples.

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