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Ee265 Kms Lr1

The document outlines the historical development of electric power systems, highlighting key inventions and milestones from electrochemical cells to the rise of AC power systems. It discusses the transition from DC to AC systems, emphasizing the advantages of AC for long-distance transmission and increased energy production. The document also notes significant contributions from inventors like Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, and Michael Faraday in shaping modern power generation and distribution.

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12 views25 pages

Ee265 Kms Lr1

The document outlines the historical development of electric power systems, highlighting key inventions and milestones from electrochemical cells to the rise of AC power systems. It discusses the transition from DC to AC systems, emphasizing the advantages of AC for long-distance transmission and increased energy production. The document also notes significant contributions from inventors like Thomas Edison, Nikola Tesla, and Michael Faraday in shaping modern power generation and distribution.

Uploaded by

vigneshsai282
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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POWER TRANSMISSION AND

DISTRIBUTION
Electric Power System Stages
POWER SYSTEM NETWORK
MODERN POWER SYETM NETWORK
MODREN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
Glance at Growth of Power
System around the world

EE265-KMS-LR1
Growth of Electric Power System

• Electrochemical Cell

• Electromagnetism – Induction Principle

• Direct Current (DC) Systems

• Alternating Current (AC) Systems


EE265-KMS-LR1
Electrochemical Cell

• Voltaic Cell – Alessandro Volta

• Voltaic Pile – First Electric Battery – 1800

• William Nicholson and Anthony Carlisle used


Current Generated by Battery to decompose
Water into Hydrogen and Oxygen

EE265-KMS-LR1
Electromagnetism
• Discovery of Electromagnetism - Hans Christian
Orsted – 1820
Needle placed near a current carrying conductor
deflects when the current from Battery is switched on
and off
• Ampere – Current Carrying Conductor creates
Magnetic Field around it.
• Electricity to Magnetism was discovered but
Magnetism to Electricity was not invented till 1830
EE265-KMS-LR1
Electromagnetic Induction

• Michael Faraday – 1821 – First Electric Motor


A Current Carrying Wire hanging freely in a
container of mercury carrying permanent Magnet
would rotate around the magnet.

• Presence of Electricity and Magnetism Create


Mechanical Motion

EE265-KMS-LR1
Generation of Electricity

• Michael Faraday – 1830 -1831


Current could be induced during the relative
motion between the conductor and magnetic
field
• Published in Royal Society’s “Philosophical
Transactions” in 1832
• Considered as the one of the greatest
inventions
EE265-KMS-LR1
DC Power Network

• Came to Existence during 1880’s


• Used for Arc Lamps for lighting

• Brush Electric Company New York – 2 Miles


length Transmission Line

• Risk of High Voltage upto 10 kV


EE265-KMS-LR1
Game Changer – Incandescent bulb
• Thomas Alva Edison – 1879
• Quote by Edison
– “Invention of Incandescent bulb is a thousand step
process”

• Started “Pearl Street System” in New York to


provide dc power for lighting in Lower Manhattan

EE265-KMS-LR1
Glimpse of the Power Network at
Lower Manhattan
• 6 Big Dynamos of 100 kW capacity each

• Transmission Cable at 110 V

• 1200 Incandescent Lamps


• In Eight Years, there was only three hours
outage.

EE265-KMS-LR1
Move towards AC Power Systems

• Underground Cables were expensive


• The expenditure was more than income
• Fire destroyed the station in 1890
• Turbogenerators of capacity 25 MW were
invented during 1890’s
• The duration 1880 to 1900 is called as
“Electrical Age” due to many significant
inventions.
EE265-KMS-LR1
Growth of AC Power Systems

EE265-KMS-LR1
Industries during 1880’s

• Steam Engine Driven

• Powered by Waterwheels

• “Free Niagara” movement coined the idea of


harnessing the power and long distance
transmission to the distant industries.

EE265-KMS-LR1
Competition for the Design of long
distance transmission
• Conceptual Design by European and American
Companies
– Seven Designs – Electric
– Four Designs – Pneumatic
– Two Designs – Hydraulic
– One Design – Wire -Rope

EE265-KMS-LR1
Winning Design –
First AC Transmission System
• In 1896 at Buffalo, New York

• Two Generators and Transmission Line

• 25 Hz Three Phase Electrical System


• Design by George Westinghouse beating
Edison

EE265-KMS-LR1
Success of AC Power Systems -
Transformers
• Step down and Step up of Voltages
• Stepping up to Higher Voltage enabling lower
current for power transmission for longer
distances
• William Stanley of Westinghouse, USA
improved the earlier transformer designs by
Gaulard and Gibbs of London for the Buffalo,
New York Project.
EE265-KMS-LR1
Polyphase AC Technology

• Invented by Nikola Tesla

• This invention was instrumental in winning


Buffalo, New York Project

• Tesla is also credit for invention of AC


induction motor

EE265-KMS-LR1
Migration from 25 Hz to
50 Hz- 60 Hz AC System
• With the invent of AC systems, long distance
transmission was possible.
• The lighting load of household and load
demand of industries with AC induction
motors increased.
• The Hydropower used in Hydroelectric plant
generators was not sufficient to meet the
increased load demand.
EE265-KMS-LR1
Invention of Steam Turbines to
Generate Electric Power
• Steam Generated Power became a solution for the
demand crisis.
• Steam generated by heating of water by burning coal
was used to run the turbine-alternator set up.
• This type of power generation was termed as Thermal
Power Generation.
• In 1905, GE commissioned Thermal Power Plant in
Chicago

EE265-KMS-LR1
Characteristics of Thermal Power
Generation
• Steam Turbine used to run the AC Generators
(Alternators) at higher speed than the
Hydrogenerators.

• Due to this higher speed of rotation, the


frequency [f = (P*N /120) where P is number
of poles of the generator] got increased from
25 Hz to 50 Hz or 60 Hz
EE265-KMS-LR1
Victory of AC Systems Over DC
Systems
• AC Power Systems replaced DC Power
Systems due to the advantages like :
• Long Distance Transmission
• Large amount of electrical energy production
in thermal power plants.
• Increased consumption in industries with
appropriate energy conversion techniques.

EE265-KMS-LR1

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