CITY PRIDE SCHOOL

CLASS IX
SOCIAL SCIENCE – HISTORY MIND MAP
CHAPTER 3- SOCIALISM IN EUROPE & RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
Geography- Russia, the largest country in the world, occupies one-tenth of
all the land on Earth. The Russian landscape varies from desert to frozen
coastline, tall mountains to giant marshes.
Economy-. 85% of Russia's population was agriculturist, far more than The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian
France or Germany with 40-50%. Industry was existent, but sporadically. Empire which began during the First World War. It was a series of revolution that took place in 1917
Religion-Most of the people living in the Russian Empire were members of
the Russian Orthodox Church.
Government- Tsar Nicholas II (1894 - 1918) from the Romanov family ruled What
the Russian Empire. His despotic rule was possible due to a group of
aristocracy (generals and bureaucrats), Below them was the land owning Background
nobility with huge estates living themselves king size, below them was the
 Overthrow of Tsarist’s regime. End of the Russian
bourgeoisie class (merchants and capitalists-upper middle class). Below them
lied poor masses living on meager existence. Rasputin has a deep influence Russian monarchy.
over the royal family. Revolution  End of Russia's participation in World War I
Aftermath/  Between 1917 and 1922, the Russian Revolution also led
outcome
to the creation of the world’s first communist state.
1. Unpopular Tzar, no charisma Causes  Bolshevik victory in the Russian Civil War.
2. widespread corruption and inefficiency within the czarist  Reformation of the Bolshevik party and the establishment
imperial government of the Soviet Union
3. Agricultural stagnation hence growing dissatisfaction Events / Timeline
 Reduction in poverty
among peasants,
 Industrialization
4. class warfare among workers,
 5 yr. plan
5. dissatisfaction among soldiers

Tsar Russian Revolution and World Treaty of Russian Creation

February
Bloody Sunday 1905 October Lenin dies, Stalin
Nicholas War I Revolution Brest- Civil War of Soviet
Formation of DUMA 1905 Revolution emerge as leader
II started begins 1917 Litovsk 1918-21 Union
1917 21 Jan 1924
his reign 1914 1918 1922
 Events / Timeline-
A. Russian Revolution 1905
What-
Protests broke out in Petrograd and elsewhere. Workers went on strike, demonstrations throughout city including Tsar s Winter.
Bloody Sunday → Tsar's imperial guard opened fire on peaceful protestors where 100 to 1000 killed, sparked further rival & fuel to fire
Consequence -laid groundwork for later Petrograd Soviet & other revolutionary movements up to 1917, formation of DUMA
Formation of Duma-> 1905 revolution led to formation of Duma ( Parliament) which later formed provisional Government (February 1917 1917). Tsar concerned that his rule might
topple, to appease revolutionaries granted reforms.
i. Formation of DUMA under political pressure.
ii. Granted civil liberties transforming his absolute monarchy to limited Constitution monarchy
Demonstrations winded down as his reforms were supported by people.
B. World War I-
1 August (19 July) 1914: Germany declares war on Russia, with Russia entering the First World War.

2 August 1914: St Petersburg is renamed Petrograd to make it sound less German. It led to unimaginable loss, food shortage & countless human misery. As it dragged people felt it was
not worth cause. Again Tsar’s leadership came into question.
C. February Revolution- A series of public protests begin in Petrograd, which last for eight days and eventually result in abolition of the monarchy in Russia. The total number of killed and
injured in clashes with the police and government troops in Petrograd is estimated around 1,300 people.8 March (23 February) 1917: On International Women’s Day, demonstrators and
striking workers – many of whom are women – take to the streets to protest against food shortages and the war. Two days later, the strikes spread across Petrograd.
15 (2) March 1917: Tsar Nicholas II abdicates and also removes his son from the succession. The following day Nicholas’ brother Mikhail announces his refusal to accept the throne. A
Provisional Government is formed to replace the tsarist government, with Prince Lvov becoming the leader. Leftist Gov. was highly divided between moderates & radicals.
Racidals →called Bolsheviks (working class of citizen, followers of Vladimir Lenin's Communist Ideology.
D. October Revolution- Bolsheviks seized power (Bolsheviks Revolution) ,overthrew provincial Gov.,declared Russia a communist, later this state became foundation of Soviet union
E. Brest-Litovsk Treaty: 3 March 1918
Russia ends its participation in the First World War. Bolshevik Russia loses one-third of the old empire’s population, one-third of its railway network, half its industry, three-quarters of
its supplies of iron ore, nine-tenths of its coal resources and much of its food supplies.
F. 8 March 1918- At the 7th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, the Bolsheviks change the name of their party to the Russian Communist Party. The Russian capital
is also moved from Petrograd to Moscow this year.
10 July 1918- The first constitution of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic grants equal rights to men and women.
16–17 July 1918- Tsar Nicholas II and his family are executed by the Bolsheviks in Yekaterinburg.
30 August 1918- Beginning of ‘Red Terror’
March 1919- The Comintern (or Third International) is formed in Moscow, with the aim of spreading revolution all over the world.
1920- Communist parties form across the world.
March 1921- End of ‘War Communism’ and the introduction of the ‘New Economic Policy’ (NEP).
3 April 1922- Stalin is appointed General Secretary of the Communist Party.
December 1922- Creation of the Soviet Union.
21 January 1924- Lenin dies, leading to a power struggle within the party. Stalin emerges as Party leader.