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The document outlines the components and importance of a conceptual framework in research, detailing its purpose, nature, and steps for creation. It also discusses the background of the study, emphasizing the need for thorough literature reviews and contextualization. Additionally, it defines hypotheses, their types, and the importance of scope and delimitation in research, culminating in the formulation of research questions based on background knowledge.

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16 views3 pages

3i's Reviewer

The document outlines the components and importance of a conceptual framework in research, detailing its purpose, nature, and steps for creation. It also discusses the background of the study, emphasizing the need for thorough literature reviews and contextualization. Additionally, it defines hypotheses, their types, and the importance of scope and delimitation in research, culminating in the formulation of research questions based on background knowledge.

Uploaded by

jetherrafanan46
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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First: Conceptual Framework

WHAT IS CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK?


➤ Blue print of research
➤Provides an outline plan on how to conduct the research.
➤ Presented in a flow chart, map or diagrams

➤ Representation of the relationship expected to see between variables or the


characteristics of properties to be studied. - (Swaen and Tegan, 2022)

NATURE OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK


➤ Consists of concepts that are placed within a logical and sequential design.

PURPOSES OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK


➤To clarify concepts and propose relationships among the concepts in a study.

STEPS ON HOW TO WRITE THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1. Choose your topic or research question - decide on what will be your research
topic

2. Do a literature review - go over relevant and updated studies related to your


own research

3. Isolate the important variables - identify the specific variables


(independent, dependent)

4. Identify other influencing variables -- Moderating, mediating and control


variables

5. Generate the Conceptual Framework - build your conceptual framework using the
variables

Second: Background of the study


What is Background of the Study?
➤Contain the general description, and may include the broader description of the
topic.
➤Other include a brief preview of the topic to discuss
➤This includes a detailed literature review in which you explain what previous
studies state about the topic, discuss recent developments on the topic, and
identify the gap in literature

Background information can also include summaries of important, relevant


research studies.
➤This is particularly important if there is an essential or ground-breaking
study about the research problem or a key study that refutes or supports your
thesis

Importance of Having Enough Background Information


➤Background information expands upon the key points stated in the beginning of
your introduction but is not intended to be the main focus of the paper

Depending on the problem being studied, forms of contextualization may include


one or more of the following:
➤Cultural -- placed within the learned behavior of specific groups of people.
➤ Economic -- of or relating to systems of production and management of material
wealth and/or business activities.
➤Gender -- located within the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits
typically associated with being male or female.
➤Historical-- the time in which something takes place or was created and how
that influences how you interpret it.
➤ Political -- concerns the environment in which something is produced
indicating it's public purpose or agenda.
➤ Social -- the environment of people that surrounds something's creation or
intended audience, reflecting how the people around something use and interpret
it.
➤ Temporal -- reflects issues or events of, relating to, or limited by time.
➤Interdisciplinary -- explanation of theories, concepts, ideas, or methodologies
borrowed from other disciplines applied to the research problem rooted in
another discipline.
➤Philosophical -- clarification of the essential nature of being or of phenomena
as it relates to the research problem.
➤Physical/Spatial -- reflects the space around something and how that influences
how you see it.

Structure and Writing Style


➤Providing background information in the introduction of a research paper serves
as a bridge that links the reader to the topic of your study.

Third: Hypothesis

DEFINITION OF HYPOTHESIS
► Tentative explanation or an answer to a question about variables, their
relationships and other facts involved in the research.
►The researcher is free to infer, propose or guess about the factual things
related to the research.
►An inferential thinking that makes the researcher guess something based on
experience and factual knowledge and conclusions logically drawn by other
researchers.

Purposes of Hypothesis
►A guide on which aspect of the research to focus on.
►Provide opportunities in proving the relationships between variables.
►Give the right direction of the research.
►Outline the manner of summarizing the results and explaining the conclusions.
►Push an empirical study in proving the existence of relationship of variables
and the effects of independent variable to the dependent variable.

Hypothesis vs. Research Questions


►Experimental research: Hypothesis and research questions.
►Differences lies on the amount of knowledge the researcher have about the focus
of the study.

Categories of Hypothesis

➤Null hypothesis
►Symbolized by Ho, which states the absence of relationship between the
independent and dependent variables.
►A statement to disprove the fact that the independent variable (treatment,
interventrion, or condition) has an effect on the dependent variable.

➤Alternative hypothesis
Symbolized by Ha, the alternative hypothesis states the relationship between the
independent and the dependent variables and the fact that the independent
affects the dependent variables.

Types of Hypothesis

1. Theory-driven vs. Data-driven hypothesis

•Theory-driven - Based on existing theory to explain the relationship of


variables and the effects of one variable on the other variables.

•Data-driven hypothesis - if it is based on the findings of previous research


studies.
2. Directional (one-tailed) vs. Non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis

•Directional - state the relationship of two variables as well as the


relationship of variables.

•Non-directional hypotheses - state the relationship of variables but not on the


direction of the relationship.

3. Descriptive vs. Causal hypothesis

•Descriptive - specify the relationship between two variables due to the


influence of something.

•Causal - if it is cause-effect relationship

Fourth: Scope and Delimitation of the Study


Scope and Delimitation of the Study
- Sets boundaries and parameters of the problem the problem inquiry and narrows
down the scope of the inquiry.
- The scope- is the domain of your research---what is in the domain and what is
not.
-Make clear of what you will be studying and what factors are within the
accepted range of your study.

√LIMITATION - is associated with qualitative study as related to the validity


and reliability.

√DELIMITATION - refers to boundaries of the


research study, arising from the researcher's decisions of what to exclude

FIFTH - STATING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

Research Problem vs. Research Question


► The Ultimate goal of research is not only to propose ways of studying people,
things, places and events but also to discover and introduce new practices,
strategies, or techniques in solving a problem.

Background of the Problem


► Spend time getting background knowledge about the problem to discover its
relation to the world, particularly to the experts, professionals and learned
people know about your topic.l

Research Questions
► Research problem enables you to generate research questions.
►The ability to formulate research questions is based on the background
knowledge you have about the topic.
► Requires the researcher to have an extensive reading about the topic

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