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Year 8 Chemistry 2021 Without Earth Topic

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Year 8 Chemistry, covering the Periodic Table, historical classification of elements, reactions of Group 1 and Group 7 elements, and methods of metal extraction. It also explains key concepts such as oxidation, reduction, displacement, and the characteristics of exothermic and endothermic reactions. Additionally, it discusses the factors affecting the rates of reactions.

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Daniyal Mehmood
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31 views5 pages

Year 8 Chemistry 2021 Without Earth Topic

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Year 8 Chemistry, covering the Periodic Table, historical classification of elements, reactions of Group 1 and Group 7 elements, and methods of metal extraction. It also explains key concepts such as oxidation, reduction, displacement, and the characteristics of exothermic and endothermic reactions. Additionally, it discusses the factors affecting the rates of reactions.

Uploaded by

Daniyal Mehmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Year 8 Chemistry Revision

A guided tour
• Identify the groups and periods on the Periodic Table.
• Label different areas of the periodic table

the horizontal rows are called periods. the vertical columns are called groups. elements in the same group are
similar to each other. the metals are on the left and the non-metals are on the right (hydrogen is a non-metal
but is often put in the middle)

Scientists

• Describe how ideas about classifying elements changed over time

Mandeleev founding father of periodic table, Dobereiner made the law of triads. He put elements In
groups of 3 according to their appearance and reactions. He found Relative atomic mass of the middle
element in each triad was about an average of the other 2 elements. Then John Newlands arranged the
elements in order of relative atomic mass. He made the law of octaves. He found out every 8 th element
had a similar property. He put non-metals and metals in the same group exp: Fe, O, S, but this was a
problem, so it wasn’t accepted by other scientists. There were 63 elements known at the time,
Mandeleev organised the elements into a table with rows and columns. He did 3 things, grouped
together elements with similar properties, put elements in order of relative atomic mass and left groups
for unknown elements and predicted their properties.

Group 1
Write word equations for each of these reactions
Describe how group 1 metals react with cold water
Group 1 element Reaction with water Word equation

Lithium Please complete the boxes below


When lithium is added to water, lithium floats. It fizzes Lithium + water -> Lithium
steadily and becomes smaller, until it eventually
disappears.
hydroxide + hydrogen.
Sodium
When sodium is added to water, the sodium melts to sodium + water → sodium
Potassium form a ball that moves around on the surface. It fizzes
rapidly, and the hydrogen produced may burn with an
hydroxide + hydrogen
orange flame before the sodium disappears.

When potassium is added to water, the metal melts and


floats. It moves around very quickly on the surface of the
water. The hydrogen ignites instantly. The metal is also
potassium + water → potassium
set on fire, with sparks and a lilac flame. There is hydroxide + hydrogen
sometimes a small explosion at the end of the reaction.
Group 7 elements
Element Reacts with water Reacts with acid
Describe how group 7 elements react with metals
Group 7 element Reaction with metal Word equation
Potassium Quickly melts to form a ball, burnsviolent
violently with sparks and a lilac
flame, disappears rapidly, often
Fluorine with a small explosion

Chlorine Magnesium Slow with cold water rapid with rapid


steam
Bromine Copper No reaction No reaction

Reacts with almost anything instantly.


Very few scientists handle fluorine
because it is so dangerous. Produces
iron(III) fluoride.
Reacts with heated iron wool very
quickly, although not as quickly as
fluorine does. Produces iron(III) chloride.
Has to be warmed and the iron wool
heated. The reaction is faster than
that of iodine but slower than that of
chlorine. Produces iron(III) bromide.
Define an ore
An ore is a rock that contains enough of a metal or a metal
compound to make extracting the metal worthwhile

How would you extract a metal using carbon?

If a metal is less reactive than carbon, it can be extracted from its


oxide by heating with carbon. The carbon displaces the metal from
the compound, and removes the oxygen from the oxide. This leaves
the metal.
How would you extract a metal using electrolysis?
Metals are found in ores combined with other elements .
Electrolysis can be used to extract a more reactive metal from the
ore.

Why can electrolysis be a disadvantage? Hint: Greenhouse effect


It could use a lot of Fuel and damage the environment.

Explain why
Write the some
word metals for
equation arepotassium
extracted using electrolysis
reacting with waterandtoothers using carbon.
form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen.

Some use
K + H20 ->electrolysis
K0H + O2 because the metal Is reactive and carbon because it is easier.

What are the uses of silver, gold and platinum? Why are other metals not used to make some of these objects?
They
Its are malleable
unreactive (easy
and still to shape),
shines ductile (can be pulled) , high melting point, high boiling point,
when older.
strong, shiny
Gas Method to test for Observation if gas is present
this gas

Hydrogen Squeaky pop

Carbon Limewater goes


Dioxide cloudy

Chlorine Litmus paper goes


When lithium reacts with dilute hydrochloric
damp
Magnesium + oxygen  Magnesium oxideacid, lithium chloride and hydrogen are produced. Write a
word equation
2Mg(s) to+show this.  2MgO(s)
02(g)
Lithium + hydrochloric acid -> Lithium chloride + hydrogen
Can you writeOxygen
a word equation and symbol
If oxygen equation
is present in to show carbon dioxide is formed?
a test tube, a glowing
Carbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide 2C + 02 (g) -> 2Co2
A reaction occurs between nitric acidrelights
splint and potassium,
when it write a word equation for this.
is held inside.
Combustion+ nitrogen -> potassium nitrate + hydrogen
Potassium
Define combustion

Complete the equation for combustion:


Methane + oxygen  Carbon dioxide + water
What are the risks when using acids or alkalis and how can you prevent them?

You could get ill if theyre really strong.


Thermal Decomposition
Label the
Complete thehazard symbols
following wordbelow
equations:
• Thermal decomposition also involves heat but causes the chemical substance to break down
Calcium + Hydrochloric Acid  calcium hydroxide + hydrogen
(chemical decomposition).
Corrosive moderate hazard
Calcium + sulphuric acid  Calcium sulphate + hydrogen
Write down a word equation for the thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate.
Calcium + nitric acid  calcium nitrate + hydrogen
Zinc carbonate + carbon dioxide
Sodium
Oxidation + + Hydrochloric Acid  sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Reactions
Define oxidation and give an example of this
In anSodium + sulphuric
oxidation reaction,acid  sodium
a substance sulphate
gains + hydrogen
oxygen. Metals and non-metals can take part in oxidation
reactions.
Sodium ++nitric
magnesium acid →
oxygen sodium nitrate
 magnesium + hydrogen
oxide

2Mg + O2 → 2MgO

Reduction Reactions
Define reduction
What gas is given off?
oxygen

What collects in the U-tube?


The product

Displacement
Define displacement
Displacement reactions involve a metal and a compound of a different metal.

What can displacement be used for?


if the object has an irregular shape , the volume can be measured using a displacement can . The
displacement can is filled with water above a narrow spout and allowed to drain until the water is level with
the spout. As the irregular object is lowered into the displacement can, the water level rises.

Describe the features of exothermic and endothermic reactions in the table below.

Exothermic Endothermic
reactions transfer reactions take in energy
energy to the and the temperature of
surroundings and the the surroundings
temperature of the decreases.
surroundings increases.

Rates of reactions
The four factors that effect rate of reactions are:
 temperature.
 concentration.
 particle size.

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