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Presentation by Sagar Mani

The document discusses media sterilization in biochemical engineering, focusing on methods such as dry heat, batch, and continuous sterilization processes. It outlines the importance of sterilization in preventing microbial growth and the factors influencing the choice of sterilization methods. Additionally, it addresses sterilizer design criteria and the nutrient loss that can occur due to sterilization processes.

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Abiral Lamichhane
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8 views10 pages

Presentation by Sagar Mani

The document discusses media sterilization in biochemical engineering, focusing on methods such as dry heat, batch, and continuous sterilization processes. It outlines the importance of sterilization in preventing microbial growth and the factors influencing the choice of sterilization methods. Additionally, it addresses sterilizer design criteria and the nutrient loss that can occur due to sterilization processes.

Uploaded by

Abiral Lamichhane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BIOCHEMICAL

ENGINEERING

T EACH ER NA ME :DILIP POUDEL


PRES ENT A TO R: SA G AR MAN I
B AS H YA L
TOPIC: MEDIA STERILIZATION
1. DRY HEAT STERILIZATION

2. BATCH STERILIZATION PROCESS

3. CONTINIOUS STERILIZATION PROCESS


4. STERILIZER DESIGN CITERIA

5. BASIC RELATION RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOSS OF


NUTRIENT VALUE OF FOOD
6. BIGALOWS BIO THEORY
1.MEDIA STERILIZATION
• Sterilization of equipment and media by heat brings about cell lyses through
denaturation of intracellular enzymes. This destroys the biocatalysts which mediate
each and every biochemical reaction in the metabolic pathways and microbial death
results. The biocatalysts are readily destroyed in this environment as they are in their
hydrated form.
• ❖ The main objective is to prevent the growth of undesired microorganisms during
the course of fermentation, bioconversion, enzyme catalyzed reactions or medium
storage.
• ❖ The choice of the sterilization method depends upon several factors, including
effectiveness in achieving an acceptable level of sterility, reliability, effect (positive or
negative) on medium quality, and cost, including operation and capital expense to
2/9/2025 3
achieve sterilization.
• ❖Some common methods of media sterilization for
destruction of microorganisms are:
• 1. Application of heat : Dry heat and Moist heat
• 2. Saturated steam
• 3. Chemical germicides : Ethylene oxide, Ethylene
chlorohydrin, etc. Generally, for media sterilization, we
use heat.

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BATCH STERILIZATION
• During batch sterilization, the medium is heated from room
temperature to the desired sterilization temperature and
held at the sterilization temperature for a specified time,
after which it is cooled to the operating temperature. This is
universally carried out in situ , except for some laboratory
scale bioreactors which are of sufficiently small scale to fit
into an autoclave.
• ❖ Sterilization frequently takes place by injecting steam
into a pressure jacket around the reactor.
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• ❖ However, since the surface to volume decreases on scale up,
the area available for heat transfer in jacketed vessels may not
be sufficient to efficiently sterilize the entire volume in very
large scale bioreactors. In this case, heat sterilization can be
effected by introducing heating coils into the medium, or by
direct sparging into the reactor.
• With direct steam sparging, the initial medium would be made
up to only 90% of its final liquid volume to account for the
volume added by the steam condensate.

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CONTINIOUS STERILIZATION PROCESS

• ❖ Continuous sterilizers consist of a single pipe or multiple pipes in parallel


through which the medium is pumped at the sterilization temperature.
• ❖ Heating is accomplished either by direct steam injection or by indirect heat
exchange.
• ❖ In the case of continuous sterilization by direct steam injection, the
heating of the medium to the sterilization temperature is almost
instantaneous.
• ❖ Cooling of the hot medium after sterilization takes place by flash
vaporization, similarly almost instantaneously.
• ❖ Indirect heat exchange is typically carried out by two heat exchangers in
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❖ The medium at room temperature is heated initially
via heat exchange with the hot medium exiting the
sterilizer, and subsequently via heat exchange with
steam to the sterilization temperature.
❖ Under continuous sterilization conditions then, the
time of heating and cooling is insignificant and the
time at which the medium is held at the sterilization
temperature constitutes the total sterilization time

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STERILIZER DESIGN CITERIA
• The types of m/os present and their status of vegetative cells or
spores.
• The extent of sterilization required.

• The temperature of coldest point in culture medium, to be sterilized


and period of exposure to the lethal temperature.
• Environmental condition during sterilization i.e., protection by
entrapping dirt particles or any other suspended solids
• pH of culture medium.

• Synergetic and antagonistic action of medium components.


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NUTRIENT LOSS DUE TO STERILIZATION
• The major causes of nutrient destruction are

• 1) Interactions between nutrient components of the medium


Maillard-type browning reaction cause discoloration of the medium
as well as deterioration of nutrient value caused by the reaction of
carbonyl groups and amino groups from reducing sugars, and
amino acids or proteins respectively. It may produce growth
inhibitory compounds.
• 2) Degradation of heat labile components Certain vitamins, amino
acids and proteins may be degraded during a steam sterilization
regime
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