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16 - Light: Subject: Science (Physics) Class: Viii

The document contains notes for Class VIII Science (Physics) focusing on Chapter 16 - Light. It covers key concepts such as reflection of light, laws of reflection, lateral inversion, and the structure of the human eye, including its functions and care. Additionally, it discusses the dispersion of light, characteristics of mirrors, and the Braille system for visually challenged individuals.

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23 views5 pages

16 - Light: Subject: Science (Physics) Class: Viii

The document contains notes for Class VIII Science (Physics) focusing on Chapter 16 - Light. It covers key concepts such as reflection of light, laws of reflection, lateral inversion, and the structure of the human eye, including its functions and care. Additionally, it discusses the dispersion of light, characteristics of mirrors, and the Braille system for visually challenged individuals.

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emailammar2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NOTES (2024-2025)

SUBJECT: SCIENCE (PHYSICS) Class: VIII

CHAPTER 16 –LIGHT

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

Q1. What is reflection of light?


Ans: Bouncing back of light, after striking a polished surface, is called
reflection of light.
Q2. What do you mean by angle of incidence and angle of reflection?
Ans: Angle of incidence: The angle between the normal and incident
ray is called the angle of incidence.
Angle of reflection: The angle between the normal and the reflected ray
is known as the angle of reflection.

3. State the two laws of

reflection The two laws of

reflection are:

• The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.


• The incident ray, the reflected ray and normal all lie in the same
plane
Q4. What is Lateral Inversion?
Ans: The Right-left reversal of image by a plane mirror is called Lateral
Inversion.
5. Is diffused reflection due to the failure of the laws of reflection?
How is it caused? Answer:
No, the diffused reflection is not due to the failure of the laws of
reflection. It is caused by irregularities in the reflecting surface.

6. The angle between the incident ray and reflected ray is 100°. What is

Answer: ∠i + ∠r = 100°
the value of angle of incidence?

Since, ∠i = ∠r
So angle of incidence ∠i=50°

7. Name two kinds of nerve cells found in retina. Write its


function. Answer:
The two kinds of nerve cells are cones and rods.
Rods are the rod-shaped cells present in the retina of an eye which are
sensitive to dim light whereas cones are the cone-shaped cells present
in the retina of the eye which are sensitive to bright light.

8. What is the far point and near point of the human eye with normal vision?
The far point of the eye is the maximum distance at which the eye can
see the objects clearly. The far point of the normal human eye is infinity.
The near point of the eye is the minimum distance of the object from
the eye, which can be seen distinctly without strain. For a normal
human eye, this distance is 25 cm.
9. What is dispersion of light? Name the colours of light obtained
when white light passes through a prism.
Ans: The splitting of light into its constituent colours is called dispersion of
light. Example: Formation of rainbow is an example of dispersion of light.
Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and red, are the colours of
light when white light passes through a prism.

10. Write some characteristics of a plane mirror.

a Image formed by a plane mirror is unmagnified,


virtual and erect. b Image formed is laterally
inverted.
c Distance of object from mirror is equal to the distance of image
from the same mirror.
d Size of image is same as size of object.
e The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in
front of the mirror.
11. Where is the image of an object formed in human eye?
Retina is the screen on which the image is formed by the eye lens.

12.An owl can see well during night but not during day time, whereas,
an eagle can see well during day time but not during night – Give
reason.
This is because Owl has a large cornea and a large pupil to allow more
light into its eye. It also has a retina consisting of mostly rods and only
few cones whereas daylight birds(eagle) have more cones and fewer
rods in their retina.
13. Distinguish between regular and diffused reflection.

Regular Reflection Diffused Reflection

1. Reflection from any smooth surface 1. Reflection from any rough surface is
is known as Regular reflection. known as diffused reflection.
2. The reflected rays are parallel to 2. Diffused rays are not parallel to
each other. each other.
3. Regular reflection gives rise to the 3. Diffused reflection enables us to
formation of images. see objects lying around us.

14.Explain how you can take care of your eyes.


Care of the eyes
 If advised, we must use suitable spectacles.
 Too little or too much light is bad for eyes. ...
 We should not look directly at the sun or a powerful light .
 We should never rub our eyes. ...
 We should wash our eyes frequently with clean water.
 We should always read at the normal distance for vision.

15. The distance between the object and its image formed by a Plane
mirror appears to be 18 cm. What is the distance between mirror
and the object? 9 cm

16. What is meant by 'persistence of vision'?


How is this property of the eye used in movies?
The image of an object is retained on the retina for some time after its
formation. This is called 'persistence of vision'. In humans, the
image stays for 1/16th of a second. This fact is applied by the
cinemotographers.The still photographs are flashed at a speed of
24 frames per second, in front of the eyes of the viewers. The effect
is that of an action (movie film).

17. What kind of lens (convex or concave) is there in our eyes?

The human eye has convex lens.

18. Name the point inside the human eye where no vision is possible.

Answer: Blind spot

19. Which part of eye is controlled by


iris? Answer: Pupil.

20.Write a note on Braille system.

Braille is a system developed by Louis Braille in 1824 to help visually challenged people. It
is a code by which languages such as English, French, Spanish, etc can be written and
read by people that have defects in their eyes. Braille system has 63 dot patterns or
characters. Each character represents a letter, a combination of letters, a common word
or a grammatical sign. Dots are arranged in cells of two vertical rows of three dots each.
This code consists of raised dots, that can be read with fingers by blind people.

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