Section A

Section B

Write the answer of the following questions : (Each carries 2 Mark)

25.
 Natural heritage is the result of close relationship between nature, environment and human-life.
 Natural heritage of India is unique and varied.
 It includes features like mountains, forests, deserts, rivers, streams, seas, trees, plants, creepers, flowers, leaves, insects and
varied landscapes wide range of minerals, vegetations, plants and animals.
 Natural heritage is a gift from God.
 Our natural heritage comprises of :
(1) Landscapes (2) River (3) Vegetation (4) Wildlife
(1) Landscapes : Landscapes are formed due to different shapes of land. e.g. The Himalaya is a landscape. It endowed us
with useful vegetation and minerals. Mountain peaks covered with snow, brimming rivers, Terai forests are gift of
Himalayas.
(2) Rivers : Rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati, Indus, Narmada and Krishna have influeced the Indians. Rivers are a
source of drinking water, domestic use, irrigation, electricity and waterways. Rivers have made human life beautiful and
prosperous. Landscape scenes at dawn and dusk are very fascinating on the side of river.
(3) Vegetation : Indians are environment lover since ancient time. They have love and affection towards flowers, shrubs and
plants. They worship trees like banyan and peepal and basil.
 Cereals, pulses, oil-seeds, plants, green fields, prosperous herbs packed forests and medicinal plants have enriched our life since
ancient time.
 Harde, amla, baheda, aloe-vera ardusi, neem etc. medicines and flowers like rose, lotus, mogra (Jasmine), damro (Sweet Basil),
Sunflowers, Champa (Plumeria), Jui (Polianthes Tube rose), jasmine etc. have made human life beautiful, fragrant, healthy and
prosperous.
(4) Wildlife : India is a nature lover since ancient time. We also love animals.
 Animals like tiger, lion, elephant, rhino, leopard, foxe, bear, deer, sambar, rabbit, python snake, mongoose, lizard are seen here.
 Asiatic lions are found in Gir forest of Gujarat.
 Status of vehicles of God-Goddesses has been given to some wild animals.
 The figure of four lions, horse, bull and an elephant can be seen on our national emblen.
26.
 The red soil is red in colour due to the presence of ferric oxide. It becomes yellow while going down into the soil.
 About 19% area of India is covered with red soil.
 This soil is spread from Tamil Nadu in the Peninsular India upto Bundelkhand in the North and from Rajmahal Hills in the East
upto Kutch in the West.
 Such soil is found in the districts of Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Banswada and Bhilwada.
 This soil is poor in magnesium phosphate, nitrogen and potash. It does not have lime, gravel and carbonate.
 Crops like millet, cotton, wheat, jowar, linseed, groundnut, potato, etc. are grown in this soil.
27.
 Utensils made from unbaked and baked clay are known as terracotta earthenware.
 Remains of ancient handmade terracotta utensils were found at Nagarjuna Kaunda in South India and Laghnaj in Mehsana
district.
28.
 (1) Kumin

 In Manipuri dance, a silk abouse is worn with a belt tied around the waist and a dark green petiticoot is worm. That dark
green petticoat is known as ‘Kumin’.
 (2) Garba

 The word Garba is derived from the word ‘Garbh deep’.

 Earthen lamp is placed in a holed earthen pot Dancers move around the pot or keep the pot on their head and move around
in circle is called garba.
29.
 Gujarat has a very rich cultural heritage.
(1) Places of cultural, legendary and archaeological importance are Lothal (Dholka Taluka), Rangpur (Limbdi Taluka in
Surendranagar District), Dholaveera (Kutch District), Rozadi or Shrinathgadh (Rajkot District) etc.
(2) Places having historical importance :
 Victory tower of Vadnagar
 Stone inscription of King Ashoka at Junagadh
 Sun-Temple of Modhera
 Gate of Champaner
 Rudra Mahalaya of Siddhpur
 Mansar Lake of Viramgam
 Jama Masjid of Ahmedabad
 Jhulta Minara (Shaking Towers)
 Sidi Saiyyed ni Jali (grill)
 Temples of HathiSinh,
 Sahastralinga Lake of Patan
 Raj Mahal of Vadodara,
 Tomb of Mohabat Khan
 Parsi Agiyari of Navsari
(3) Places having religious importance :
 Dwarkadhish Temple of Dwarka
 Shardapeeth of Jagadguru Shankaracharya
 Jyotirling Temple at Somnath
 Ambaji Temple
 Bahucharaji Temple
 Ranchhodrai Temple
 Shamlaji Temple
(4) Religious, Social and Tourism Oriented Places:
 Polo Forest in Vijaynagar
 Kite Festival
 Kankariya Carnival
 Tana-Riri Festival at Vadnagar
 Northern Dance Festival (Modhera)
 Rannotsava in Kutch
(5) Jain and Buddhist caves are seen in Vadnagar, Taranga, Khambhaliya, Shamlaji, Koteshwar, Talaja, Dhank, Jhagadiya
etc.
30.
 Taj Mahal is located on the banks of river Yamuna at Agra in Uttar Pradesh.
 Taj Mahal is one of the seven wonders of the world. It is one of the best tombs of the world.
 Mughal King Shahjahan constructed it in the memory of his Queen Mumtaz Mahal.
 Shahjahan started its construction in 1631 A.D. after his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal died in 1630 A.D.
 The construction completed in 1653 A.D. after 22 years.
 Shahjahan used expert Indian, Iranian, Arabian, Turkish and European sculptors and artisans in the construction of Taj Mahal.
 Shahjahan deeply wished to make Mumtaz Mahal’s name immortal. By building Taj Mahal, he had finely achieved his wish.
 The Taj Mahal is spread in rectangular shape from North to South.
 The grave of Mumtaz lies at the centre of Taj.
 The grave is surrounded by beautiful artistic octagonal fence carved out of stone.
 A beautiful saying is inscribed on one of its arches which says “pious hearts are welcomed in the garden of paradise”.
 The architecture of Taj glorifies the rich heritage of India.
 The grandeur of the Taj attracts thousands of people every year.

31.
 Due to Human interference in grasslands and in watershed area of the forests, natural habitat of the wild animals is in danger.
 Hunting the animals for their hair, skin, bones, horns, nails etc. is also responsible.
 Destruction of forests is the main reason for natural imbalance. So, the number of wild animals decreases.
 Many animals have become extinct because they are killed to obtain bio-medicines and fragrant material to make perfume.
 Forest fire kills many animals. When there is fire, there is a decrease in the wild animals.
 Forest lands are being encroached for grass, fuel or for grazing.
 Due to the destruction of their habitat, many animals come in populated area. And they lose their lives due to the conflict with
man.
32.
 Copper is a very useful metal.
 Copper is used since primitive times.
 Copper was the first mineral used by man.
 Copper is used mostly in the making of electric equipment, telephone, radio, television, refrigerator and air conditioners.
 Copper is also used in insecticides, explosive, coloured glass, coins and printing.

33.
 Iron is the base for industrial develpment of modern world. It is used very widely in the world.
 Maximum iron ore in India is obtained from Karnataka. Iron is obtained from Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Andhra
Pradesh in good quantity.
 Iron ore is also found in Goa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh and Assam.

34.
 There are differend kinds of industries.
 (1) Classification of industries on the basis of Human labour :

 (A) Large scale industry

 An industry which employs a very large number of people is known as large scale industry.
e.g. Cotton industry.

 (B) Small scale industry

 When an industry is under the direction of an individual’s ownership and the number of labourers is less, it is called small scale
industry.
e.g. Sugar industry.

35.
 First cotton mill was established in Mumbai in Maharastra.
 In the initial years the cotton textile mills were estiblished in Mumbai and Ahmedabad.
 Shahpur mills and callico mills were estiblished in Ahmedabad in Gujarat.
 These mills were estiblished due to cheap cotton, availability of labour, transport facilities, port for export and favourable
market.
 There are many cotton mills in Mumbai in Maharastra, so it is called as cottonopolis of India.
 In Gujarat, Ahmedabad is famous as ‘Manchester of the East’ or ‘Denim City of India.’
 Mumbai and Ahmedabad become the centre for cotton and textile Industry.
36.

Insurgency (Rebellion) Terrorism

Insurgency is a national problem. Terrorism is a global problem.

It is spread at the regional level against own It is either against own country or against other
government. countries.

It is carried out with the help of local people. Terrorism may or may not get local support.

Development of states gets hindered. Development of countries gets hindered.

37.

 Inspired by the Chinese revolution under the leadership of Mao-Tse-Tung, some naxalite started insurgency in India.
 Naxalite movement started in 1967 by some people living in a village called Naxalbari in West Bengal. So, it is known as
Naxalite movement or Naxalism.
 It has now spread in Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Tripura and in mountains and forest regions of Madhya Pradesh.
 Two major organizations ‘People’s War Group (PWG) and Maoist Communist Centre’ (MCC) are active in this movement.
 Naxalites are engaged in activites like robbery, kidnapping, violent attacks, bomb blasts, etc.

Section C

Write the answer of the following questions : (Each carries 3 Mark)

38.

No. Temples in Gujarat Place

1. Bhadrakali Temple Ahmedabad

2. Ranchhodraiji Temple Dakor

3. Sun Temple Modhera

 No. Jain Temple in Gujarat Place

1. Panchasara Temple Shankheshwar

2. Hathisinh Jain Temple Ahmedabad

3. Kumbhariyaji jain Temple Banaskantha

 No. Step wells in Gujarat Place

1. Step well of Adalaj Ahmedabad

2. Rani ki vav Patan

3. Step well of Dada Hari Dabhoi

 No. Caves in Gujarat Place

1. Group of Bavapyara caves Junagadh

2. Caves of Uperkot Junagadh

3. Caves of Khapra and Kodiya Junagadh

39.
 Lothal is situated in Dholka taluka of Ahmedabad district in between Bhogavo and Sabarmati rivers
 Lothal is 18 km far from Bay of Khambhat.
 Three layers of human habitat were found at different times.
 A huge dockyard was constructed to facilitate entry of ships in the times of high tide at the low eastern part.
 The large godowns are proof of import-export trade.
 Lothal was a rich and prosperous port of the Indus Valley Civilization.

40.
 Nalanda University
 Mahavir Swami
 Kumar Gupta
 Chinese traveller Hiuen-Tsang
 Takshashila University
 Politician Kautilya
 Grammarian panini
 Chandragupta Maurya
 Varanasi University
 Bhagwan Buddha
 Adi Shankaracharya
 Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
 Vallabhi University
 Acharya Sthirmati
 Acharya Gunmati
 Chinese traveller Itsingh

41.
 Soil is classified on the basis of its colour, climate, parental rocks, structure, humus etc.
 The Indian council of Agricultural Research [ICAR] has divided Indian soil into 8 types :
(1) Alluvial Soil
(2) Red Soil
(3) Black Soil
(4) Laterite Soil
(5) Desert Soil
(6) Mountain Soil
(7) Forest Soil
(8) Marshy or Peaty Soil
42.
 The things on which the man is dependent, human needs can be fulfilled by them, if the man has Physical and intellectual
capacity to utilise them, then these are called resources.
 Uses of Resources :

 Resources are very useful to us.

 Resources are useful in every field from agriculture to industry.

 Resources as food :

 Naturally grown fruits, crops obtained through agriculture, milk and milk products, meat, fish, honey are used as food
items.

 Resources as a source of raw material :

 Forest products, agro products, wood, hides, meat, mineral ores serve as raw material.
 Resources as energy resources :

 We use coal, petroleum, natural gas as fuel in industries and domestic fuel.
 Energy can be generated through solar insolation, wind, sea waves, tides, ebbs, waterfalls etc.

43.
 Earth Conference was organized for the first time at Stockholm in Sweden in 1972 to discuss measures to protect the
environment at the global level. Thereafter many such conferences and conventions have taken place to discuss the environment
related issues.
 India also participates in these meets.
 India has made following efforts to check environment problems :
 Central and State Pollution Control Boards have been established to control pollution.
 India presents information about pollution condition of different cities and prepares reports.
 Indian government passed ‘Air Pollution Control Act’ in 1981.
 June 5 has been declared as ‘Environment Day’ in the world.
 International agreements have been signed for deteriorating level of ozone layer, disposal of nuclear waste and maintenance of
bio-diversity.

44.
 HACCP : Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point
 ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research
 PASA : Prevention of Anti-Social Activities

45.
 The government provides various provisions to the consumer so that they can fight against malpractices, exploitation.
Government has granted six major rights to the consumer. These rights are :
(1) Right to safety
(2) Right to get information
(3) Right to choose
(4) Right to be heard or right to represent
(5) Right to seek redressal
(6) Right to consumer education.
 Although consumers have some rights to get protection against exploitation, there are duties while purchasing the goods.
(1) While purchasing a commodity, consumer should think and then make the correct choice.
(2) When a person buys something, he gets a number of choices. It is his duty to see that the product should have all the
required information.
(3) The consumer should have gentle and bonafide behaviour towards seller.
(4) Consumer should join and form voluntary consumer organizations at non-political and non-commercial level.
(5) Consumer should purchase a product only in the sufficient quantity.
(6) While purchasing a product, the consumer should not make any compromise with quality of product or its safety.
(7) If a consumer finds that the product is adulterated, fake or duplicate, underweight, then he should bring it to the notice
of the trader.
46.
 Women discrimination in India : reasons for gender inequality in India are as under.

 Biologically, females are weaker than males. Female plays a leading role as a human resource but due to biological
difference and differences in upbringing and expectations from social and cultural perspective, path of development of men
and women is different.

 Males and females develop differently in Indian society.

 Many women are engaged in household chores, cooking or bringing up children. They do not have any contribution in
economic earning of family or country.

 They do not have any power to take decisions in family.

  Women suffer from inadequate health care and they are deprived from economical and educational rights.

 They experience discrimination in their clothes, games, opportunities of education, food, moving out with friends, ethics
and behaviour.
 They become victim of child marriage, parda system, dowry system and many other social evils due to low literacy rate.

 They are forced to become victim of child infanticide, low respect, forced for pregnancy for giving birth to a male child,
social traditions and sexual discrimination.

 They also experience inequality in economic, political, social, cultural and religious fields.

 Generally, all the states in India have male dominance at high posts. Because of all these reasons, Indian women do not
develop and get same opportunities as men.

Section D
Write the answer of the following questions : (Each carries 4 Mark)
47.
 Aryabhatta is known as the ‘Father of Mathematics’.
 Aryabhatta discovered ‘zero’ (0)
 Aryabhatta wrote a book called ‘Aryabhattiyam’. In this book he gave an approximate value of π (pi) as 3.14.
 Aryabhatta also suggested this π is the constant to show the ratio of circumference and diameter of circle.
 Aryabhatta also introduced Ashtang method of multiplication, addition, subtraction, square-root, cube-root etc.
 Aryabhatta wrote books like ‘Dash Gitika’ and ‘Aryabhattiyam’.
 Aryabhatta found the solution of fundamentals of arithmetic and geometry.

48.
 People of India have been making the useof metallurgy in their practical life since the ancient time.
 Ancient India made extraordinary progress in the field of metallurgy. The metallic idol of a female dancer discovered from Indus
Valley Civilization proves this.
 Metal statues of Buddha belonging to the Kushan period were also found at Takshashila which proves our excellency in
metallurgy.
 Some idols were made in South India during the Chola period. The best example of this is the metal statue of Natraja, which is
world famous. This statue is preserved in a museum at Chennai.
 The museum also has the ancient statue of “Lord Rama - The archer”
 Artistic statues of Gods - Goddesses, birds and animals, betel-nut cutters, etc. are also wonderful examples of our rich metallic
art.
49.
 Tea :

 Tea is a plant of tropical as well as temperate zone. The tea leaf and tender sprouts are processed and its powder is used as
drink.

 Tea is grown on sloppy land where the water easily flows down. It is decayed if the water remains near the roots.

 Tea needs good iron contents, 20° to 30°C temperature and about 200 cm rainfall in the form of showers throughout the
year.

 India produces maximum tea after China.

 Sri Lanka, China and India are leading tea exporters.

 Tea is grown more in Assam, West Bengal, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Assam and West
Bengal produce about 75% tea of the nation.
 Coffee :

 Coffee is a plantation crop.

 Coffee is reared over the slopes of mountains in the shade of larger trees in such a way that no direct sun light falls on the
coffee leaves.

 The coffee crop needs 150-200 cm rainfall, and 15°-28°C temperature and sloppy mountain land.

 Coffee is grown is Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Coorg area of Karnataka is a well-known region for coffee
production.
 Coffee seeds are extracted out of the nuts, grinded and then it is used as a drink.
50.

Kharif Crop Rabi Crop

Crops which are taken during rainy season are called Crops which are taken during winter are called Rabi
Kharif crops. crops.

Time for these crops is from June-July to October- Time for these crop is from October-November to
November. March-April.

Paddy, maize, jowar, millet, cotton, til, groundnut and Wheat, gram, barley, mustard, linseed etc. are Rabi
mung, math are Kharif crops. crops.

51.
 In order to make poverty alleviation solution successful, the rural and urban people living below poverty line should get direct
financial benefit from various welfare schemes.
 The major objectives of poverty alleviation programme are to provide employment in the field of agriculture and irrigation, road,
food-security, organic farming, selling of agriculture products, women encouragement and encouragement to artisans.
 Mission Mangalam

 Through Mission Mangalam the Gujarat state government has united women of families living below poverty line in ‘Sakhi
Mandal’, i.e. ‘Self Helping Group’.

 The women are given skill-based training so that they may generate self-employment for themselves through household
industries like that making papad, agarbatti (incence sticks) etc.

 This generates income for the women and empowers them.

 Dattopant Thegdi

 Gujarat state government started a new scheme called, ‘Dattopant Thegdi Karigar Vyaj Sahay Yojana’ to help handloom and
handicraft artisans.

 Through this scheme, government provides loan to artisans of handicraft and handloom cottage industries at low rate of
interest to purchase raw materials.
52.
 Central and state government have undertaken this farmer oriented programme to :

 Prevent loss faced by the farmers due to wild animals damaging the crops.

 Help for the production of grass for the cattle at the time of crisis or drought.

 Provide help to construct cattle shelter.

 Provision to maintain record of land survey.

 Rain forecasting.

 Discover mineral rich regions through drone techniques and ultra modern satellite.

 Computerize agriculture finance society.

 Help to improve quality of plantation crops.

 Help to construct water tanks and farm ponds.

 To provide subsidies and loans on tractor and mini tractor and other farming equipments.

 Provide finance at low interest rate for mechanism of agriculture.

 Set up new testing laboratory for production of cotton, pulses, spices etc.

 Management to see that farmers get a suitableprice.

 Cleaning canals and increasing their length.

 Help deepening and widening of ponds.

 Resettlement of water tank and repairing of check dams.

 These programmes help farmers to increase income of farmer and to provide employment in these projects which helps to
remove poverty.
53.

 (1) According to RTE Act, 2009, every child between the age group of 6 to 14 should get admission in the school close to his
locality. Children who do not have birth certificate as age proof can not be refused admission in the school by anybody.
(2) If the child is older than 14 years but has not completed primary education, in such cases he could be imparted free
education.
(3) At the time of admission, the age of the child should be 6 years and if he doesn’t have birth certificate, then hospital
records, age related affidavit of parents should be taken as age proof for admission.
(4) All the students should be given admission without discrimination.
(5) Any kind of fees like capitation fees, admission fees, deposit cannot be taken.
(6) At the time of admission interviews of children or parents should not be taken. No test should be conducted for the
parents for child’s admission. Admission should not be given on the basis of income or educational qualification of parents.
(7) For the education of children of age 3 to 5 years, a revolutionary step has been taken for the first time, by taking nursery
under the law and making rules for special training of pre-school teachers, their courses, curriculum and evaluation.
(8) According to this Act, provision has been made for the children of weaker section and backward classes who are
interested in studying and their families fall in the category of BPL, should be given admission in government recognized
private primary schools. It is compulsory that 25% students of Std. 1st should be these sections of the society.
(9) School teachers are not allowed to take private tuitions.
(10) All the under qualified teachers of the school should obtain academic qualification within 5 years.
(11) Any child who has not completed his primary education cannot be terminated from school until being transferred.
(12) In the private primary schools, the fees of S.T. and S.C. children is paid by the government as per fixed conditions.
(13) For the compliance of provision of this law a scheduled management, tribunal or state council has been provisioned.
For the breach of this act, the director of the school may be fined or recognition of the school can be terminated.