7 Chemical reactions

Exam-style questions
1 Explain the following statements. g How long did it take for 60 cm3 of gas to
a A car exhaust pipe will rust much faster if be produced when the experiment was
the car is in constant use. [2] carried out using 0.5 g of the manganese(IV)
b Vegetables cook faster when they are oxide?[1]
chopped up. [1] h Write a balanced chemical equation for
c Industrial processes become more the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. [1]
economically viable if a catalyst can be 3 A flask containing dilute hydrochloric acid
found for the reactions involved. [2] was placed on a digital balance. An excess of
d In fireworks it is usual for the ingredients limestone chippings was added to this acid, a
to be powdered. [2] plug of cotton wool was placed in the neck of the
e Tomatoes ripen faster in a greenhouse. [2] flask and the initial mass was recorded. The mass
f The reaction between zinc and dilute of the apparatus was recorded every two minutes.
hydrochloric acid is slower than the reaction At the end of the experiment, the loss in mass of
between zinc and concentrated hydrochloric the apparatus was calculated and the following
acid.[2] results were obtained.
2 A student performed two experiments to
Time/min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
establish how effective manganese(IV) oxide was
as a catalyst for the decomposition of hydrogen Loss in 0 2.1 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.0
peroxide. The results below were obtained mass/g
by carrying out these experiments with two a Plot the results of the experiment. [3]
different quantities of manganese(IV) oxide. b Which of the results would appear to be
The volume of the gas produced was recorded incorrect? Explain your answer. [2]
against time. c Write a balanced chemical equation to
Time/s 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 represent the reaction taking place. [1]
d Why did the mass of the flask and its
Volume for 0 29 55 79 98 118 133 146
0.3 g/cm3 contents decrease? [1]
e Why was the plug of cotton wool used? [1]
Volume for 0 45 84 118 145 162 174 182
0.5 g/cm3
f How does the rate of reaction change
during this reaction? Explain this using
a Draw a diagram of the apparatus you could particle theory. [2]
use to carry out these experiments. [3] g How long did the reaction last? [1]
b Plot a graph of the results. [3] h How long did it take for half of the
c Is the manganese(IV) oxide acting as a reaction to occur? [1]
catalyst in this reaction? Explain your 4 a What is a catalyst? [2]
answer.[2] b List the properties of catalysts. [3]
d i At which stage does the reaction c Name the catalyst used in the following
proceed most quickly? [1] processes:
ii How can you tell this from your graph? [1] i the Haber process [1]
iii In terms of particles, explain why the ii the hydrogenation of unsaturated fats. [1]
reaction is quickest at the point you d Which series of metallic elements in the
have chosen in i.[2] Periodic Table (p. 135) do the catalysts
e Why does the slope of the graph become you have named in c belong to? [1]
less steep as the reaction proceeds? [2] e What are the conditions used in the
f What volume of gas has been produced industrial processes named in c?[2]
when using 0.3 g of manganese(IV) oxide
after 50 s?[1]

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 Exam-style questions

5 Suggest practical methods by which the rate

a Write a word and balanced chemical
of reaction can be investigated in each of the
equation for the reversible reaction
following cases:
between nitrogen and hydrogen to
a magnesium reacting with hydrochloric acid [2]
produce ammonia using the Haber
b nitrogen monoxide reacting with oxygen. [2]
process.[2]
6 Ammonia gas is made industrially by the b What is meant by the term ‘reversible
Haber process, which involves the reaction reaction’?[2]
between the gases nitrogen and hydrogen. The c Use the graphs to say whether more
amount of ammonia gas produced from this ammonia is produced at:
reaction is affected by both the temperature i higher or lower temperatures [1]
and the pressure at which the process is run. ii higher or lower pressures. [1]
The graph shows how the amount of ammonia d What is the percentage yield of
produced from the reaction changes with both ammonia if the conditions used to run
temperature and pressure. The percentage the process are:
yield of ammonia indicates the percentage i a temperature of 350°C and a
of the nitrogen and hydrogen gases that are pressure of 10 000 kPa? [1]
actually changed into ammonia gas. ii a temperature of 550°C and a
pressure of 35 000 kPa? [1]
60 e The conditions in industry for the
350ºC production of ammonia are commonly of
the order of 20 000 kPa and 450°C. What
% Yield of ammonia at equilibrium

50
is the percentage yield of ammonia using
40
these conditions? [1]
450ºC f Why does industry use the conditions
stated in part e if it is possible to
30
obtain a higher yield of ammonia
550ºC using different conditions?[2]
20

10

0 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000

Pressure/kPa

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