KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

EXERCISE-1
Note :This Symbol denotes that Question is excluded from JEE MAIN Syllabus.
PAET (1) : KINETIC THEORY OF GASES
OBJECTIVE
1. When an ideal gas is compressed isothermally then its pressure increases because :
(A) its potential energy decreases
(B) its kinetic energy increases and molecules move apart
(C) its number of collisions per unit area with walls of container increases
(D) molecular energy increases
2. Which of the following is correct for the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium?
(A) All have the same speed
(B) All have different speeds which remain constant
(C) They have a certain constant average speed
(D) They do not collide with one another.

SUBJECTIVE
3. Find the average momentum of molecules of hydrogen gas in a container at temperature
300 K.
4. A cubical container having each side as  is filled with a gas having N molecules in the

container. Mass of each molecule is m. If we assume that at every instant half of the
molecules are moving towards the positive x-axis and half of the molecules are moving
towards the negative x-axis. Two walls of the container are perpendicular to the x-axis. Find
the net force acting on the two walls given? Assume that all the molecules are moving with
speed v0 .
PAET (2) : ROOT MEAN SQUARE SPEED, KINETIC ENERGY AND EQUATION OF STATE
OBJECTIVE
1. The temperature at which the r.m.s velocity of oxygen molecules equal that of nitrogen
molecules at 100ºC is nearly:
(A) 426.3 K (B) 456.3 K (C) 436.3 K (D) 446.3 K
2. Figure shows graphs of pressure vs density for an ideal gas at two temperatures T 1 and T2.

(A) T1 > T2 (B) T1 = T2

(C) T1 < T2 (D) any of the three is possible

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
3. Suppose a container is evacuated to leave just one molecule of a gas in it. Let mp and av
represent the most probable speed and the average speed of the gas, then
(A) mp > av (B) mp < av (C) mp = av (D) none of these
4. The average speed of nitrogen molecules in a gas is v. If the temperature is doubled and the
N2 molecule dissociate into nitrogen atoms, then the average speed will be
(A) v (B) v2 (C) 2 v (D) 4v
5. Four containers are filled with monoatomic ideal gases. For each container, the number of
moles, the mass of an individual atom and the rms speed of the atoms are expressed in terms
of n, m and vrms respectively. If TA, TB, TC and TD are their temperatures respectively then
which one of the options correctly represents the order ?
A B C D
Number of moles n 3n 2n n
Mass 4m m 3m 2m
Rms speed Vrms 2Vrms Vrms 2Vrms
Temperature TA TB TC TD

(A) TB = TC > TA > TD (B) TD > TA > TC > TB (C) TD > TA = TB > TC (D) TB > TC > TA > TD
6. For a gas sample with N0 number of molecules, function N(V) is given by :
dN  3 N0  2
N(V) =   V for 0 < V < V0 and N(V) = 0 for V > V0. Where dN is number of
dV  V03 

molecules in speed range V to V+ dV. The rms speed of the molecules is :

2 3
(A) V0 (B) V0 (C) 2V0 (D) 3V0
5 5

SUBJECTIVE
7. The speeds of three molecules are 3V, 4V and 5V respectively. Find their rms speed.
8. At room temperature (300 K), the rms speed of the molecules of a certain diatomic gas is
found to be 1930 m/s. Can you guess name of the gas ? Find the temperature at which the
rms speed is double of the speed in part one (R = 25/3 J/mol – k)
9. A gas is filled in a rigid container at pressure P0. If the mass of each molecule is halved
keeping the total number of molecules same and their r.m.s. speed is doubled then find the
new pressure.
10. Butane gas burns in air according to the following reaction,
2 C4H10 + 13 O2  10 H2O + 8 CO2.
Suppose the initial and final temperatures are equal and high enough so that all reactants and
products act as perfect gases. Two moles of butane are mixed with 13 moles of oxygen and
then completely reacted. Find the final pressure (if the volume remains unchanged and the
pressure before reaction is P0)?

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
11. At a pressure of 3 atm air (treated as an ideal gas) is pumped into the tubes of a cycle
rickshaw. The volume of each tube at given pressure is 0.004 m3. One of the tubes gets
punctured and the volume of the tube reduces to 0.0008 m3. Find the number of moles of air
that have leaked out? Assume that the temperature remains constant at 300 K.
(R = 25/3 J mol–1 K–1)
12. (i) A conducting cylinder whose inside diameter is 4.00 cm contains air compressed by a
piston of mass m = 13.0 kg, which can slide freely in the cylinder shown in the figure. The
entire arrangement is immersed in a water bath whose temperature can be controlled. The
system is initially in equilibrium at temperature ti = 20°C. The initial height of the piston above
the bottom of the cylinder is hi = 4.00 cm.Patm = 1 × 105 N/m2 and g = 10 m/s2.
If the temperature of the water bath is gradually increased to a final temperature t f = 100°C.
Find the height hf of the piston (in cm) at that instant?

(ii) In the above question, if we again start from the initial conditions and the temperature is
again gradually raised, and weights are added to the piston to keep its height fixed at h i. Find
the value of the added mass when the final temperature becomes tf = 100°C?
PAET (3) : MAXWELL’S DISTRIBUTION OF SPEED
OBJECTIVE
1. Three closed vessels A, B, and C are at the same temperature T and contain gases which
obey the Maxwell distribution of speed. Vessel A contains only O2, B only N2 and C a mixture
of equal quantities of O2 and N2. If the average speed of O2 molecules in vessel A is V1, that of
the N2 molecules in vessel B is V2 ,the average speed of the O2 molecules in vessel C will be :
V1
(A) (V1 + V2)/2 (B) V1 (C) (V1V2)1/2 (D)
2
2. A certain gas is taken to the five states represented by dots in the graph. The plotted lines are
isotherms. Order of the most probable speed vp of the molecules at these five states is :

(A) VP at 3 > VP at 1 = VP at 2 > VP at 4 = VP at 5

(B) VP at 1 > VP at 2 = VP at 3 > VP at 4 > VP at 5
(C) VP at 3 > VP at 2 = VP at 4 > VP at 1 > VP at 5
(D) Insufficient information to predict the result.

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

SUBJECTIVE
3. Find the temperature at which average speed of oxygen molecule be sufficient so as to
escape from the earth? (Escape speed from the earth is 11.0 km/sec, R = 25/3 J-mol–1K–1) .
4. Find the average of magnitude of linear momentum of helium molecules in a sample of helium
gas at temperature of 150  K. Mass of a helium molecules = (166/3) × 10–27 kg and
R = 25/3 J-mol–1 K–1
5. The following graph shows two isotherms for a fixed mass of an ideal gas. Find the ratio of
r.m.s. speed of the molecules at temperatures T1 amd T2 ?

PAET (4) : LAW OF EQUIPARTITION AND INTERNAL ENERGY

OBJECTIVE

1. A gas has volume V and pressure P. The total translational kinetic energy of all the molecules
of the gas is:–
3 3
(A) PV only if the gas is monoatomic. (B) PV only if the gas is diatomic.
2 2
3 3
(C) > PV if the gas is diatomic. (D) PV in all cases.
2 2
3PV
2. The pressure of an ideal gas is written as E = . Here E stands for
2
(A) average translational kinetic energy (B) rotational kinetic energy
(C) total kinetic energy. (D) None of these
3. The quantities which remain same for all ideal gases at the same temperature is/are ?
(A) the kinetic energy of equal moles of gas
(B) the kinetic energy of equal mass of gas
(C) the number of molecules of equal moles of gas
(D) the number of molecules of equal mass of gas

2U
4. The quantity represents (where U = internal energy of gas)
fkT
(A) mass of the gas (B) kinetic energy of the gas
(C) number of moles of the gas (D) number of molecules in the gas

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

SUBJECTIVE
5. 16 g of oxygen at 37ºC is mixed with 14 g of nitrogen at 27ºC. Find the temperature of the
mixture?
6. 0.040 g of He is kept in a closed container initially at 100.0ºC. The container is now heated.
Neglecting the expansion of the container, calculate the temperature at which the internal
 25 
energy is increased by 12 J. R  J – mol–1 – k –1 
 3 

7. Show that the internal energy of the air (treated as an ideal gas) contained in a room remains
constant as the temperature changes between day and night. Assume that the atmospheric
pressure around remains constant and the air in the room maintains this pressure by
communicating with the surrounding through the windows etc.
PART (5) : CALCULATION OF WORK
OBJECTIVE

1. From the following V–T diagram we can conclude:–

V
P2
P1

T
T1 T2
(A) P1 = P2 (B) P1>P2 (C) P1 < P2 (D) Can't say anything

2. A gas is expanded from volume V0 to 2V0 under three different processes. Process 1 is
isobaric process, process 2 is isothermal and process 3 is adiabatic. Let U1,U2 and U3, be
the change in internal energy of the gas is these processes. Then :–
P
1
P0

V0 V
2V0

(A) U1 > U2 > U3 (B) U1 < U2 < U3 (C) U2 < U1 < U3 (D) U2 <U3 < U1

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
3. In the following figures (1) to (4), variation of volume by change of pressure is shown. A gas is
taken along the path ABCDA. The change in internal energy of the gas will be:

(1) (2) (3) (4)

(A) positive in all cases from (1) to (4)

(B) positive in cases (1), (2) and (3) but zero in case (4)
(C) negative in cases (1), (2) and (3) but zero in case (4)
(D) zero in all the four cases.
4. Pressure versus temperature graph of an ideal gas is as shown in figure.
P C

B
D

A
T
Corresponding density () versus volume (v) graph will be :

(A) (B) (C) (D)

5. In the following V-T diagram what is the relation between P1 and P2 :

(A) P2 = P1 (B) P2 > P1 (C) P2 < P1 (D) cannot be predicted

6. In a cyclic process shown on the P – V diagram the magnitude of the work done is :

2 2
 P2  P1   V2  V1  
(A)    (B)    (C) (P2 – P1) (V2 – V1) (D) (P2V2 – P1V1)
 2   2  4

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
7. A fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes changes of pressure and volume starting at L, as
shown in Figure.

Which of the following is correct :

(A) (B)

(C) (D)

8. In figure, P-V curve of an ideal gas is given. During the process, the cumulative work done by
the gas

(A) continuously increases (B) continuously decreases

(C) first increases then decreases (D) first decreases then increases
9. In given figure, let W 1 and W 2 be the work done by the gas in process A and B respectively
then (given change in volume is same in both process)

(A) W 1 > W 2
(B) W 1 = W 2
(C) W 1 < W 2
(D) Nothing can be said about the relation between W 1 and W 2

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

SUBJECTIVE
10. Find the work done by gas going through a cyclic process shown in figure?

11. An ideal gas is compressed at constant pressure of 105 Pa until its volume is halved. If the
initial volume of the gas as 3.0 × 10–2 m3, find the work done on the gas?
12. Find the work done by an ideal gas during a closed cycle 1  4  3  2  1 shown in figure
if P1 = 105 Pa, P0 = 3 × 105 Pa, P2 = 4 × 105 Pa, V2 – V1 = 10 litre, and segments 4-3 and 2-1
of the cycle are parallel to the V-axis ?

13. Find the expression for the work done by a system undergoing isothermal compression
(or expansion) from volume V1 to V2 at temperature T0 for a gas which obeys the van der
waals equation of state, (p + an2 / V2)(V – bn) = nRT ?

PART (6) : FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS

OBJECTIVE
1. The internal energy of a gas is given by U = 5 + 2PV. It expands from V 0 to 2V0 against a
constant pressure P0. The heat absorbed by the gas in the process is :–
(A) –3P0V0 (B) 3P0V0 (C) 2P0V0 (D) P0V0
2. When a system is taken from state ‘a’ to state ‘b’ along the path ‘acb’, it is found that a
quantity of heat Q = 200 J is absorbed by the system and a work W = 80J is done by it. Along
the path ‘adb’, Q = 144J. The work done along the path ‘adb’ is

(A) 6J (B) 12 J (C) 18 J (D) 24 J

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
3. In the above question, if the work done on the system along the curved path ‘ba’ is 52J, heat
abosrbed is
(A) – 140 J (B) – 172 J (C) 140 J (D) 172 J
4. In above question, if Ua = 40J, value of Ubwill be
(A) – 50 J (B) 100 J (C) – 120 J (D) 160 J
5. In above question, if Ud = 88 J, heat absorbed for the path ‘db’ is
(A) – 72 J (B) 72 J (C) 144 J (D) – 144 J
6. Ideal gas is taken through process shown in figure:

(A) In process AB, work done by system is positive

(B) In process AB, heat is rejected out of the system.
(C) In process AB, internal energy increases
(D) In process AB internal energy decreases and in process BC internal energy increases.

SUBJECTIVE
7. In given figure, when a thermodynamic system is taken from state A to state B via path ACB,
100 cal of heat given to the system and 60 cal work is done by the gas. Along the path ADB,
the work done by the gas is 20 cal. Find the heat flowing into the system in this case?

8. A cylinder fitted with a piston contains an ideal monoatomic gas at a temperature of 400 K.
The piston is held fixed while heat Q is given to the gas, It is found the temperature of the
gas has increased by 20 K. In an isobaric process the same Q heat is supplied slowly to it.
Find the change in temperature in the second process?
9. When 1 g of water at 0ºC and 1 × 105 N m–2 pressure is converted into ice of volume
1.091 cm3, find the work done by water? (w = 1 gm/cm3)

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
10. An ideal gas is taken through a cyclic thermodynamic process through four steps. The
amounts of heat involved in these steps are Q1 = 5960 J, Q2 =  5585 J, Q3 = 2980 J and
Q4 = 3645 J respectively. The corresponding works involved are W 1 = 2200 J, W 2 =  825 J,
W3 =  1100 J and W 4 respectively.
(i) Find the value of W 4.
(ii) What is the efficiency of the cycle ?
11. In given figure, gas is slowly heated for sometime. During the process, the increase in internal
energy of the gas is 10 J and the piston is found to move out by 25 cm, then find the amount
of heat supplied. The area of cross-section of cylinder = 40 cm2 and atmospheric
pressure = 100 kPa

12. Find the change in the internal energy of 2kg of water as it is heated from 0ºC to 4ºC. The
specific heat capacity of water is 4200 J/kg-K and its densities at 0ºC and 4ºC are 999.9kg/m3
and 1000 kg/m3 respectively. Atmospheric pressure = 105 Pa.
13. In given figure, An ideal gas a gas is taken through a cyclic process ABCA, calculate the value
of mechanical equivalent of heat (J) when 4.8 cal of heat is given in the process ?

14. In given figure, one mole of an ideal gas ( = 7/5) is taken through the cyclic process ABCDA.
25
Take R = J/mol–K
3
(a) Find the temperature of the gas in states A, B, C and D.
(b) Find the amount of heat supplied/released in processes AB, BC, CD and DA.
(c) Find work done by gas during cyclic process.

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
PART (7) : SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITIES OF GASES
OBJECTIVE
1. The value of the ratio Cp/Cv for hydrogen is 1.67 at 30 K but decreases to 1.4 at 300 K as
more degrees of freedom become active. During this rise in temperature (assume H2 as ideal
gas),
(A) Cp remains constant but Cv increases
(B) Cp decreases but Cv increases
(C) Both Cp and Cv decrease by the same amount
(D) Both Cp and Cv increase by the same amount
2. Boiling water is changing into steam. Under this condition, the specific heat of water is
(A) zero (B) one (C) Infinite (D) less than one
3. For an ideal gas, the heat capacity at constant pressure is larger than than that at constant
volume because
(A) positive work is done during expansion of the gas by the external pressure
(B) positive work is done during expasion by the gas against external pressure
(C) positive work is done during expansion by the gas against intermolecular forces of
attraction
(D) more collisions occur per unit time when volume is kept constant.
4. A gas has :
(A) one specific heat only (B) two specific heats only
(C) infinite number of specific heats (D) no specific heat
5. If molar heat capacity of the given process (as shown in figure) is C, then

(A) C < CV (B) C = 0 (C) C > Cv (D) C = Cv

6. For small positive coefficient of expansion in case of solid,
(A) Cp - Cv = R (B) Cp - Cv = 2R
(C) Cp is slightly greater than Cv (D) Cp is slightly less than Cv

SUBJECTIVE
7. If  be the ratio of specific heats (Cp & Cv) for a perfect gas, Find the number of degrees of
freedom of a molecule of the gas? :
8. Internal energy of two moles of an ideal gas at a temperature of 127ºC is 1200 R. Then find
the molar specific heat of the gas at constant pressure?

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
9. Ideal monoatomic gas is taken through a process dQ = 2dU. Find the molar heat capacity
(in terms of R) for the process? (where dQ is heat supplied and dU is change in internal
energy)
10. Calculate the value of mechanical equivalent of heat from the following data. Specific heat
capacity of air at constant volume and at constant pressure are 4.93 cal/mol–K and
6.90 cal/mol–K respectively. Gas constant R = 8.3 J/mol–K.
11. When 100 J of heat is given to an ideal gas it expands from 200 cm3 to 400 cm3 at a constant
pressure of 3 × 105 Pa. Calculate (a) the change in internal energy of the gas, (b) the number
of moles in the gas if the initial temperature is 400 K, (c) the molar heat capacity C p at
 25 
constant pressure and (d) the molar heat capacity Cv at constant volume. R  J / mol – k 
 3 

12. The temperature of 5 mol of a gas which was held at constant volume was changed from
100ºC to 120ºC. The changes in internal energy was found to be 80 J. Find the molar heat
capacity of the gas at constant volume?
13. For a gas,  = 9/7. What is the number of degrees of freedom of the molecules of this gas ?
PART (8) : ADIABATIC PROCESS AND FREE EXPANSION
OBJECTIVE
1. The molar specific heat of the process V  T4 for CH4 gas at room temperature is:–
(A) 4R (B) 7R (C) 3R (D) 8R
2. A gas is contained in a metallic cylinder fitted with a piston. The gas is suddenly compressed
by pushing piston downward and is maintained at this position. After this process, as time
passes the pressure of the gas in the cylinder
(A) increases
(B) decreases
(C) remains constant
(D) increases or decreases depending on the nature of the gas.
3. In the following P–V diagram of an ideal gas, AB and CD are isothermal where as BC and DA
are adiabatic process. The value of VB/VC is
AB  T1,
DC  T2

(A) = VA /VD (B) < VA / VD (C) > VA / VD (D) cannot say

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
4. Two samples 1 and 2 are initially kept in the same state. The sample 1 is expanded through
an isothermal process where as sample 2 through an adiabatic process upto the same final
volume. The final temperature in process 1 and 2 are T1 and T2 respectively, then
(A) T1 > T2
(B) T1 = T2
(C) T1 < T2
(D) The relation between T1 and T2 cannot be deduced.
5. Let P1 and P2 be the final pressure of the samples 1 and 2 respectively in the previous
question then :
(A) P1 < P2
(B) P1 = P2
(C) P1 > P2
(D) The relation between P1 and P2 cannot be deduced.
6. Let W 1 and W 2 be the work done by the systems 1 and 2 respectively in the previous
question then:
(A) W 1 > W 2
(B) W 1 = W 2
(C) W 1 < W 2
(D) The relation between W 1 and W 2 cannot be deduced.
7. When an ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic change causing a temparture change T
(i) there is no heat gained or lost by the gas
(ii) the work done by the gas is equal to change in internal energy
(iii) the change in internal energy per mole of the gas is Cv T, where Cv is the molar heat
capacity at constnat volume.
(A) (i), (ii), (iii) correct (B) (i), (ii) correct (C) (i), (iii) correct (D) (i) correct
8. A given quantity of a gas is at pressure P and absolute temperature T. The isothermal bulk
modulus of the gas is:
2 3
(A) P (B) P (C) P (D) 2P
3 2

9. In figure, A and B are two adiabatic curves for two different gases. Then A and B corresponds
to :

(A) Ar and He respectively (B) He and H2 respectively

(C) O2 and H2 respectively (D) H2 and He respectively
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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
10. In given figure, a fixed mass of an ideal gas undergoes the change represented by XYZX
below. Which one of the following sets could describe these of changes ?

XY YZ ZX
(A) isothermal adiabatic compression at
expansion compression constant pressure
(B) adiabatic isothermal pressure reduction
expansion compression constant volume
(C) isothermal adiabatic compression at
compression expansion constant pressure
(D) adiabatic isothermal compression at
compression expansion constant pressure
11. During an adiabatic process, the pressure of a gas is found to be proportional to the cube of
its absolute temperature. The ratio Cp/Cv for the gas is :
(A) 4/3 (B) 2 (C) 5/3 (D) 3/2

SUBJECTIVE
12. In given figure, a sample of an ideal gas initially having internal energy U 1 is allowed to
expand adiabatically performing work W. Heat Q is then supplied to it, keeping the volume
constant at its new value, until the pressure rised to its original value. The internal energy is
then U2.
Pressure

Volume
Find the increase in internal energy (U2 – U1) ?

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

 5
13. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas     is mixed with one mole of a diatomic gas
 3

 7
   5  . ( denotes the ratio of specific heat at constant pressure, to that at constant volume)
 

find  for the mixture ?

 7
14. The pressure and density of a diatomic gas     change adiabatically from (P, d) to (P, d).
 5

d' P'
If = 32, then find the value of ?
d P

5
15. An ideal gas ( = ) is adiabatically compressed from 640 cm3 to 80 cm3. If the initial pressure
3
is P then find the final pressure?
2 3
16. In an adiabatic process, the pressure is increased by % . If  = , then find the decreases in
3 2

volume (approximately)?
17. An ideal gas at pressure 4 × 105 Pa and temperature 400 K occupies 100 cc. It is adiabatically
expanded to double of its original volume. Calculate (a) the final pressure, (b) final
temperature and (c) work done by the gas in the process ( = 1.5) :
18. In fig, the walls of the container and the piston are weakly conducting. The initial pressure,
volume and temperture of the gas are 200 K Pa, 800 cm3 and 100 K resp. Find the pressure
and the temperature of the gas if it is (a) slowly compressed (b) suddenly compressed to
200 cm3 ( = 1.5).

19. When the state of a system changes form A to B adiabatically the work done on the system is
322 Joule. If the state of the same system is changed from A to B by another process, and
heat required is 50 calories of heat is required then find work done on the system in this
process? (J = 4.2 J/cal)

PART (9) : POLYTROPIC PROCESS

OBJECTIVE
1. The internal energy of a gas in an adiabatic process is given by U = a + bPV, find :–
a 1 b 1 b 1 a
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a b a b 1

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
2. A gas undergoes a process in which its pressure P and volume V are related as
VPn = constant. The bulk modulus of the gas in the process is :
(A) nP (B) P1/n (C) P/n (D) Pn
3. One mole of a gas is subjected to two process AB and BC, one after the other as shown in the
figure. BC is represented by PVn = constant. We can conclude that (where T = temperature,
W = work done by gas, V = volume and U = internal energy).

(A) TA = TB = TC (B) VA < VB, PB < PC (C) W AB < W BC (D) UA < UB

a
4. The molar heat capacity C for an ideal gas going through a process is given by C = , where
T
Cp
‘a’ is a constant. If  = , the work done by one mole of gas during heating from T0 to T0 will
Cv

be :
1    1
(A) a n  (B) (C) an –   RT0 (D) an – ( – 1)RT0
a n   1

5. One mole of an ideal gas undergoes a process in which T = T0 +aV3, where T0 and ‘a’ are
positive constants and V is volume. The volume for which pressure will be minimum is
2/3 2/3
 a   a 
1/ 3 1/ 3
T  T 
(A)  0  (B)  0  (C)   (D)  
 2a   3a   2T0   3T0 
6. In the above question, minimum pressure attainable is

(A)
4

a R T0 2 (B) 
3 5 / 3 2 / 3 2 / 3 1/ 3
2

a RT0 3 
3 2 / 3 2 / 3 1/ 2
(C)
2
a R T0 4 
3 1/ 2 2 / 3 3 / 4 1/ 3
(D)  
3 1/ 3 2 / 3 1/ 3
2
a RT0 2

5
7. In a certain gas, the ratio of the speed of sound and root mean square speed is . The
9

molar heat capacity of the gas in a process given by PT = constant is

(Take R = 2 cal/mole K). Treat the gas as ideal.
R 3R 5R 7R
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
8. A polytropic process for an ideal gas is represented by equation PVn = constant. If  is ratio of
 Cp 
specific heats   , then value of n for which molar heat capacity of the process is negative,
 Cv 
is given as :
(A)  > n (B)  > n > 1
(C) n >  (D) none, as it is not possible

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

SUBJECTIVE
9. Find the molar heat capacity (in terms of R) of a monoatomic ideal gas undergoing the
process : PV1/2 = constant ?
10. If Q amount of heat is given to a diatomic ideal gas in a process in which the gas perform a
2Q
work on its surrounding. Find the molar heat capacity (in terms of R) for the process.
3
11. One mole of a gas expands with temperature T such that its volume, V = kT 2, where k is a
constant. If the temperature of the gas changes by 60º C then find the work done by the gas?
(R = 25/3 J/mol-K).

PART (10) : (EXCLUDED IN JEE MAIN SYLLABUS)

OBJECTIVE
1.  A Carnot working between 300K and 600K has work output of 800 J per cycle. What is
amount of heat energy supplied to the engine form source per cycle
(A) 1800 J/cycle (B) 1000 J/cycle (C) 2000 J/cycle (D) 1600 J/cycle
2.  The coefficient of performance of a carnot refrigertor working between 30° C and 0° C is
(A) 10 (B) 1 (C) 9 (D) 0
3.  If the door of a refrigerator is kept open then which of the following is ture
(A) Room is cooled (B) Room is heated
(C) Room is either cooled or heated (D) Room is neither cooled nor heated
4.  A scientist says that the efficiency of his heat engine which operates at source temperature
127°C and sink temperature 27° C is 26% then
(A) It is impossible (B) It is possible but less probable
(C) It is quite probable (D) Data are incomplete
5.  "Heat cannot be itself flow from a body at lower temperature to a body at higher temperature”
is a statement or consequence of :
(A) second law of thermodynamics (B) conservation of momentum
(C) conservation of mass (D) first law of thermodynamics

SUBJECTIVE

6.  A Carnot engine takes 103 kilocalories of heat from a reservoir at 627ºC and exhausts it to a
sink at 27ºC. What will be the efficiency of the engine ?.
7.  In the above problem, what will be the work performed by the engine ?

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

8.  The efficiency of Carnot’s engine is 50%. The temperature of its sink is 7ºC. To increase its
efficiency to 70%. What is the increase in temperature of the source ?
9.  A Carnot engine work as refrigerator in between 0ºC and 27ºC. How much energy is needed
to freeze 10 kg ice at 0ºC.
10.  What is the work efficiency coefficient in above question ?

11.  A Carnot engine works as a refrigerator in between 250K and 300K. If it acquires 750 calories
from heat source at low temperature, then what is the heat generated at higher temperature.
(in calories)?

EXERCISE-2
PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. The figure shows two paths for the change of state of a gas from A to B. The ratio of molar
heat capacities in path 1 and path 2 is:–
P

2
A B
1

(A) > 1 (B) < 1 (C) 1 (D) Data insufficient

2. N(<100) molecules of a gas have velocities 1,2,3.... N, km/s respectively. Then:–
(A) rms speed and average speed of molecules are same
 2 N  1 N  1
(B) Ratio of rms speed to average speed is
6N

 2 N  1 N  1
(C) Ratio of rms speed to average speed is
6

2  2 N  1
(D) Ratio of rms speed to average speed of a molecule
6  N  1

3. Two rigid boxes containing different ideal gases are placed on a table. Box A contains one
mole of nitrogen at temperature To, while box B contains one mole of helium at temperature
(7/3)To. The boxes are then put into thermal contact with each other, and heat flows between
them until the gases reach a common final temperature. (Ignore the heat capacity of boxes).
Then, the final temperature of the gases, Tf in terms of T0 is :
3 7 3 5
(A) Tf  T0 (B) Tf  T0 (C) Tf  T0 (D) Tf  T0
7 3 2 2

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
4. The work of 146 kJ is performed in order to compress one kilo mole of a gas adiabatically and
in this process the temperature of the gas increases by 7 oC. The gas is (R = 8.3 J mol-1 K-1)
(A) diatomic (B) triatomic
(C) mixture of monoatomic and diatomic (D) monoatomic
5.  A Carnot engine, having an efficiency of  = 1/10 as heat engine, is used as a refrigerator. If
the work done on the system is 10 J, the amount of energy absorbed from the reservoir at
lower temperature is
(A) 99 J (B) 90 J (C) 1 J (D) 100 J
6. When a system is taken from state i to state f along the path iaf, it is found that Q = 50 cal and
W = 20 cal. Along the path ibf Q = 36 cal. W along the path ibf is :

(A) 6 cal (B) 16 cal (C) 66 cal (D) 14 cal

7. One kg of a diatomic gas is at a pressure of 8 × 10 N/m . The density of the gas is 4 kg/m3.
4 2

What is the energy of the gas due to its thermalmotion?

(A) 5 × 104J (B) 6 × 104J (C) 7 × 104J (D) 3 × 104J
8. The molar heat capacity at constant presure of nitrogen gas at STP is nearly 3.5 R. Now when
the temperature is increased, it gradually increases and approaches 4.5 R. The most
appropriate reason for this behaviour is that at high temperatures
(A) nitrogen does not behave as an ideal gas
(B) nitrogen molecules dissociate in atoms
(C) the molecules collides more frequently
(D) molecular vibration gradually become effective
9. The given curve represents the variation of temperature as a function of volume for one mole
of an ideal gas. Which of the following curves best represents the variation of pressure as a
function of volume?

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

(A) (B) (C) (D)

10. Consider a hypothetical gas with molecules that can move along only a single axis. The
following table gives four situations, the velocities in meter per second of such a gas having
four molecules. The plus and minus sign refer to the direction of the velocity along the axis.

In which situation root-mean-square speed of the molecules is greatest

(A) a (B) b (C) c (D) d
11. The value of CP - Cv is 1.09 R for a gas sample in state A and is 1.00 R in state B. Let T A, TB
denote the temperature and PA and PB denote the pressure of the states A and B respectively.
Then
(A) PA < PB and TA>TB (B) PA > PB and TA>TB
(C) PA = PB and TA<TB (D) PA > PB and TA< TB
12. Find work done by the gas in the process shown in figure :

5 5 3 5
(A)  atm L (B) atm L (C) –  atm L (D) –  atm L
2 2 2 4
13. An ideal monoatomic gas is initially in state 1 with pressure P1 = 20 atm and volume
V1 = 1500 cm3. It is then taken to state 2 with pressure P2 = 1.5 P1 and volume V2 = 2V1. The
change in internal energy from state 1 to state 2 is equal to
(A) 2000 J (B) 3000 J (C) 6000 J (D) 9000 J
14. For two thermodynamic process temperature and volume diagram are given. In first process,
it is a straight line having initial and final coordinates as (V0, T0) and (2V0, 2T0), where as in
second process it is a rectangular hyperbola having initial and final coordinates (V0, T0) and
(2V0, T0/2). Then ratio of work done (W 1 : W 2) in the two processes must be

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
T T

2T0 T0

T0 T0/2
V V
V0 2V0 V0 2V0
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 1 (D) None of these
15. Curve in the figure shows an adiabatic compression of an ideal gas from 15 m 3 to 12 m3,
followed by an isothermal compression to a final volume of 3.0 m 3. There are 2.0 moles of the
gas. Total heat supplied to the gas is equal to : (n2 = 0.693)

p(Pa)

400

V(m3)
3 12 15
(A) 4521 J (B) –4521 J (C) –6653 J (D) –8476 J
16. Pi, Vi are initial pressure and volumes and Vf is final volume of a gas in a thermodynamic
process respectively. If PVn = constant, then the amount of work done by gas is : ( = Cp/Cv).
Assume same, initial state & same final volume in all processes.
1
(A) minimum for n =  (B) minimum for n = 1 (C) minimum for n = 0 (D) minimum for n =


17. Figure shows a conducting cylinder containing gas and closed by a movable piston. The
cylinder is submerged in an ice-water mixture. The piston is quickly pushed down from
position (1) to position (2). The piston is held at position (2) until the gas is again at 0°C and
then is slowly raised back to position (1).

P-V diagram for the above process will be

(A) (B) (C) (D)

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
18. Two different ideal diatomic gases A and B are initially in the same state. A and B are then
expanded to same final volume through adiabatic and isothermal process respectively. If PA,
PB and TA, TB represents the final pressure and temperatures of A and B respectively then:
(A) PA < PB and TA < TB (B) PA > PB and TA > TB
(C) PA > PB and TA < TB (D) PA < PB and TA > TB
19. If ideal diatomic gas follows the process, as shown in graph, where T is temperature in kelvin
and V is volume (m3), then molar heat capacity for this process will be [in terms of gas
constant R] :
2
T B

3
V
7R 19R 11R
(A) (B) 5R (C) (D)
2 6 2
20. A mono–atomic ideal gas is compressed from volume V to V/2 through various process. For
which of the following processes final pressure will be maximum :
(A) isobaric (B) isothermal (C) adiabatic (D) PV2 = constant
21. 4 moles of H2 at 500 K is mixed with 2 moles of He at 400K. The mixture attains a temperature
T and volume V. Now the mixture is compressed adiabatically to a volume V’ and temperature
T  V 
n

T’. If  , find the value of 13n.

T  V  
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 5 (D) 13
22.  A coal based thermal power plant producing electricity operates between the temperatures
27ºC and 227ºC. The plant works at 80% of its maximum theoretical efficiency. Complete
burring of 1 kg of coal yields 3600 KJ of heat. A house needs 10 units of electricity each day.
Coal used for supplying the amount of energy for the house in one year is
(A) 1141 kg (B) 580 kg (C) 605 kg (D) 765 kg
23. Two identical rooms in a house are connected by an open doorway. The temperatures in the
two rooms are maintained at two different values. Therefore.
(A) The room with higher temperature contains more amount of air.
(B) The room with lower temperature contains more amount of air.
(C) Both the rooms contain the same amount of air.
(D) The room with higher pressure contains more amount of air.

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

PART - II : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

1. A thermally insulated chamber of volume 2V0 is divided by a frictionless piston of area S into
two equal parts A and B. Part A has an ideal gas at pressure P0 and temperature T0 and in
part B is vacuum. A massless spring of force constant k is connected with piston and the wall
of the container as shown. Initially spring is unstretched. Gas in chamber A is allowed to
expand. Let in equilibrium spring is compressed by x0. Then:–
B
A

kx0 1 2
(A) Final pressure of the gas is (B) Work done by the gas is kx 0
S 2
1 2
(C) Change in internal energy of the gas is kx 0 (D) Temperature of the gas is decreased.
2
2. One mole of an ideal monatomic gas is taken from A to C along the path ABC. The
temperature of the gas at A is T0. For the process ABC :–

P C
2P0

P0 B
A

V
V0 2V0
11
(A) Work done by the gas is RT0 (B) Change in internal energy of the gas is RT0
2
11 13
(C) Heat absorbed by the gas is RT0 (D) Heat absorbed by the gas is RT0
2 2
3. In a mixture of nitrogen and helium kept at room tempertaure. As compared to a helium
molecule nitrogen molecule hits the wall
(A) With greater average speed (B) with smaller average speed
(C) with greater average kinetic energy (D) with smaller average kinetic energy.
4. Consider a collision between an argon molecule and a nitrogen molecule in a mixture of argon
and nitrogen kept at room temperature. Which of the following are possible ?
(A) The kinetic energies of both the molecules decrease.
(B) The kinetic energies of both the molecules increase
(C) The kinetic energy of the argon molecule increases and that of the nitrogen molecules
decrease.
(D) The kinetic energy of the nitrogen molecules increases and that of the argon molecule
decrease.

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
5. An ideal gas of one mole is kept in a rigid container of negligible heat capacity. If 25 J of heat
is supplied the gas temperature raises by 20 C. Then the gas may be
(A) helium (B) argon (C) oxygen (D) carbon dioxide
6. Pick the correct statement (s) :
(A) The rms translational speed for all ideal-gas molecules at the same temperature is not the
same but it depends on the mass.
(B) Each particle in a gas has average translational kinetic energy and the equation
1 3
mv2rms = kT establishes the relationship between the average translational kinetic energy
2 2
per particle and temperature of an ideal gas. It can be concluded that single particle has a
temperature.
(C) Temperature of an ideal gas is doubled from 100°C to 200°C. The average kinetic energy
of each particle is also doubled.
(D) It is possible for both the pressure and volume of a monoatomic ideal gas to change
simultaneously without causing the internal energy of the gas to change.
7. Graph shows a hypothetical speed distribution for a sample of N gas particle
dN
(for V > V0; = 0)
dV

dN
dV

V0
speed V

(A) The value of aV0 is 2N.

(B) The ratio Vavg/V0 is equal to 2/3.

(C) The ratio Vrms/V0 is equal to 1/ 2 .

(D) Three fourth of the total particle has a speed between 0.5 V0 and V0.
8. A system undergoes a cyclic process in which it absorbs Q1 heat and gives out Q2 heat. The
efficiency of the process is  and work done is W. Select correct statement:
W Q2 Q2
(A) W = Q1 – Q2 (B)  = (C)  = (D)  = 1 –
Q1 Q1 Q1

9. The pressure P and volume V of an ideal gas both decreases in a process.

(A) The work done by the gas is negative
(B) The work done by the gas is positive
(C) The temperature of the gas must decrease
(D) Heat supplied to the gas is equal to the change in internal energy.

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
10. An ideal gas can be taken from initial state 1 to final state 2 by two different process. Let Q
and W represent the heat given and work done by the system. Then which quantities is/are
same in both process (where U = internal energy of gas)
(A) Q (B) W (C) U (D) Q – W
11. The following sets of values for Cv and Cp of an ideal gas have been reported by different
students. The units are cal mole–1 K–1. Which of these sets is most reliable ?
(A) Cv = 3, Cp = 5 (B) Cv = 4, Cp = 6 (C) Cv = 3, Cp = 2 (D) Cv = 3, Cp = 4.2
12. For an ideal gas :
(A) The change in internal energy in a constant pressure process from temperature T1 to T2 is
equal to nCv(T2 – T1), where Cv is the molar specific heat at constant volume and n the
number of moles of the gas.
(B) The change in internal energy of the gas and the work done by the gas are equal in
magnitude in an adiabatic process.
(C) The internal energy does not change in an isothermal process.
(D) No heat is added or removed in an adiabatic process.
13. A gaseous mixture consists of equal number of moles of two ideal gases having adiabatic
exponents 1 and 2 and molar specific heats at constant volume Cv and Cv respectively.
1 2

Which of the following statements is/are correct ?

1   2
(A) Adiabatic exponent for gaseous mixture is equal to
2
Cv1  Cv2
(B) Molar specific heat at constant volume for gaseous mixture is equal to
2
Cv1  Cv2  R
(C) Molar specific heat at constant pressure for gaseous mixture is equal to
2
2R
(D) Adiabatic exponent for gaseous mixture is 1 +
C v1  C v 2

14. Let n1 and n2 moles of two different ideal gases be mixed. If adiabatic coeefiecient of the two
gases are  and 2 respectively, then adiabatic coefficient  of the mixture is given through the
relation
(n1  n2 ) n n
(A) (n1 + n2)  = n1 1+ n1 2 (B)  1  2
 1 1  1  2  1

  
(C) (n1+n2)  n1 1  n2 2 (D) (n1 + n2)( –1) = n1 (1 – 1) + n2 (2– 1)
 1  1 2  1

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
15. An ideal gas can be expanded from an initial state to a certain volume through two different
processes (i) PV2 = constant and (ii) P = KV2 where K is a positive constant. Then
(A) Final temperature in (i) will be greater then in (ii)
(B) Final temperature in (ii) will be greater then in (i)
(C) Total heat given to the gas in (i) case is greater than in (ii)
(D) Total heat given to the gas in (ii) case is greater than in (i)
16. A cyclic process ABCD is shown in the P–V diagram. (BC and DA are isothermal)

Which of the following curves represents the same process?

(A) (B) (C) (D)

17. A cyclic process of an ideal monoatomic gas is shown in figure. The correct statement is (are):

(A) Work done by gas in process AB is more than that of the process BC.
(B) net heat energy has been supplied to the system.
(C) temperature of the gas is maximum in state B.
(D) in process CA, heat energy is rejected out by system.
18. A gas kept in a container, if the container is of finite conductivity, then the process
(A) must be very nearly adiabatic (B) must be very nearly isothermal
(C) may be very nearly adiabatic (D) may be very nearly isothermal
19. Oxygen, nitrogen and helium gas are kept in three identical adiabatic containers P, Q and R
respectively at equal pressure. When the gases are pushed to half their original volumes.
(initial temperature is same)
(A) The final temperature in the three containers will be the same.
(B) The final pressures in the three containers will be the same.
(C) The pressure of oxygen and nitrogen will be the same but that of helium will be different.
(D) The temperature of oxygen and nitrogen will be the same but that of helium will be
different

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
P2
20. During an experiment, an ideal gas is found to obey a condition = constant [ = density of


the gas]. The gas is initially at temperature T, pressure P and density . The gas expands

such that density changes to
2

(A) The pressure of the gas changes to 2 P.

(B) The temperature of the gas changes to 2 T.

(C) The graph of the above process on the P-T diagram is parabola.
(D) The graph of the above process on the P-T diagram is hyperbola.
21. Which of the following statement/s in case of a thermodynamic process is /are correct ?
(A) Eint = W indicates an adiabatic process (B) Eint = Q suggests an isochoric process
(C) Eint = 0 is true for a cyclic process (D) Eint = -W indicates an adiabatic

PART - III : COMPREHENSION & MATCH THE COLUMN

Comprehension # 1
Two closed identical conducting containers are found in the laboratory of an old scientist. For
the verification of the gas some experiments are performed on the two boxes and the results
are noted.

Experiment 1.
When the two containers are weighed W A = 225 g, WB = 160 g and mass of evacuated
container W C = 100 g.

Experiment 2.
When the two containers are given same amount of heat same temperature rise is recorded.
The pressure changes found are
 PA = 2.5 atm. PB = 1.5 atm.
Required data for unknown gas :

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
1. Identify the type of gas filled in container A and B respectively.
(A) Mono, Mono (B) Dia, Dia (C) Mono, Dia (D) Dia, Mono.
2. Identify the gas filled in the container A and B.
(A) N2, Ne (B) He, H2 (C) O2, Ar (D) Ar, O2
3. Total number of molecules in ‘A’ (here NA = Avagadro number)
125 125
(A) NA (B) 3.125 NA (C) NA (D) 31.25 NA
64 28
4. The initial internal energy of the gas in container ‘A’, If the container were at room temperature
300K initially
(A) 1406.25 cal (B) 1000 cal (C) 2812.5 cal (D) none of these

Comprehension # 2
A mono atomic ideal gas is filled in a non conducting container. The gas can be compressed
by a movable non conducting piston. The gas is compressed slowly to 12.5% of its initial
volume.
5. The percentage increase in the temperature of the gas is
(A) 400% (B) 300% (C) – 87.5% (D) 0%
6. The ratio of initial adiabatic bulk modulus of the gas to the final value of adiabatic bulk
modulus of the gas is
(A) 32 (B) 1 (C) 1/32 (D) 4
7. The ratio of work done by the gas to the change in internal energy of the gas is
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C)  (D) 0
Comprehension # 3
An ideal gas initially at pressure p0 undergoes a free expansion (expansion against vaccum
under adiabatic conditions) until its volume is 3 times its initial volume. The gas is next
adiabatically compressed back to its original volume. The pressure after compression is
32/3 p0.
8. The pressure of the gas after the free expansion is :
p0
(A) (B) p1/0 3 (C) p0 (D) 3p0
3
9. The gas
(A) is monoatomic.
(B) is diatomic.
(C) is polyatomic.
(D) type is not possible to decide from the given information.
10. What is the ratio of the average kinetic energy per molecule in the final state to that in the
initial state?
(A) 1 (B) 32/3 (C) 31/3 (D) 31/6

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
11. An ideal monoatomic gas undergoes different types of processes which are described in
column-I. Match the corresponding effects in column-II. The letters have usual meaning.
Column-I Column-II
2
(A) P = 2V (p) If volume increases then temperature will
also increases.
(B) PV2 = constant (q) If volume increases then temperature will
decreases.
(C) C = CV + 2R (r) For expansion, heat will have to be supplied
to the gas.
(D) C = CV – 2R (s) If temperature increases then work done by
gas is positive.

12. The figures given below show different processes (relating pressure P and volume V) for a
given amount for an ideal gas. W is work done by the gas and Q is heat absorbed by the
gas.

Column-I Column-II
(A) In Figure (i) (p) Q > 0.

(B) In Figure (ii) (q) W < 0.

(C) In Figure (iii) (r) Q < 0.

(D) In Figure (iv) (for complete cycle) (s) W > 0.

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS

ANSWERS
EXERCISE – 1

PART (1)
 mv 02 
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. zero 4.   N
 

PART (2)
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (C)
50 6P0
6. (B) 7. V 8. H2, 1200 K 9. 2P0 10.
3 5

112 1492 320  13 

11. mole 12. (i) cm (ii) 1 kg
250 293 293  4 

PART (3)

1452 83
1. (B) 2. (A) 3.  103 K 4.  1023 kg-m/s
25 3 10

5. 1: 2

PART (4)
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. 32ºC
6. 196ºC 7. Vroom = constant.
PART (5)
1. (C) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. (B) 5. (C)
6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (C)
10. –100 J 11. 1500 J 12. 750 J
 V2  nb  2  V1  V2 
13. nRT0 n    an  
 V1  nb   V1V2 

PART (6)
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (B)
6. (B) 7. 60 cal 8. 12 K 9. 0.0091 J
208
10. (i) 765 J (ii) 11. 110 J 12. (33600 + 0.02) J
1921
25
13. J/cal
6
14. (a) 120 K, 240 K, 480 K, 240 K, (b) 3500 J, 5000 J, 7000 J, 2500 J (c) –1000 J

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
PART (7)
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (C) 5. (C)
2
6. (C) 7. 8. 2.5 R 9. 3R
 1

9 125 50
10. 4.2J/cal 11. (a) 40 J (b) moles (c) J/mol–K (d) J/mol–K
500 9 9
12. 0.8 JK–1 13. 7
PART (8)
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (A) 5. (C)
6. (A) 7. (C) 8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (D)
3
11. (D) 12. Q–W 13. 14. 128 15. 32P
2

16. 4/9 % 17. (a) 2 × 105 Pa (b) 200 2 K (c) 40(2 – 2)J

18. (a) 800 kPa, 100 K (b) 1600 kPa, 200 K 19. 112 joule

PART (9)
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (D) 4. (C) 5. (A)
7
6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (B) 9. R 10. 7.5 R
2
11. 1000 J
PART (10)
1. (D) 2. (C) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (A)
6
6.  = 66.6% 7. W = 2.8 × 10 Joule 8. 373.3 K
9. 879 kcal 10. 10.13 11. Q1 = 900 Calories

EXERCISE - 2
PART - I

1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (B)

6. (A) 7. (A) 8. (D) 9. (A) 10. (B)

11. (D) 12. (D) 13. (D) 14. (B) 15. (C)

16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (A) 19. (C) 20. (D)

21. (B) 22. (A) 23. (B)

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 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES AND THERMODYNAMICS
PART – II
1. (ABCD) 2. (AC) 3. (BC) 4. (CD) 5. (AB)
6. (AD) 7. (ABCD) 8. (ABD) 9. (AC) 10. (CD)
11. (AB) 12. (ABCD) 13. (BD) 14. (BC) 15. (BD)
16. (AB) 17. (BD) 18. (CD) 19. (CD) 20. (BD)
21. (BCD)
PART – III
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (B)

4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A)

9. (A) 10. (B)

11. (A) p,r,s (B) q (C) p,r,s (D) q,r 12. (A) p, s (B) s (C) p, s (D) q, r

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