DEPARTMENT OF ECE

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

ECC-106: Signals & Systems
Spring Semester 2024 End-Term Examination Maximum Marks : 50

1. (a) Consider the signal x(t) = u(t) − u(t − 1). Sketch each of the following signals: (3)
i. y(t) = (x(t) − x(−t)) ∗ x(t)
ii. z(t) = x(3t) + x(−3t + 1)
(b) Determine, whether the following signals are periodic, and for those which are, (2)
find the fundamental period. Justify your answers.
i. x[n] = cos( 3πn
15
+ π4 )
ii. x[n] = sin( 23 n)
(c) Consider the signal (2)
Zt
y(t) = x(τ )dτ,
−∞

where x(t) = 2[−δ(t + 2) − δ(t) + 2δ(t − 2)].

i. Sketch the signal y(t).
ii. Is y(t) an energy signal or a power signal? Justify your answer.
(d) A given linear system produces an output ej3t when the input is ej2t . If the (2)
input is e−j2t , the system output is e−j3t .
i. Is the system time-invariant? Justify your answer.
ii. Determine the output of the system for the input cos (2(t − 1/2)).
(e) Show that if y[n] is thePoutput of an LTI
Pn system to the input x[n], the output (2)
n
of the system to input k=−∞ x[k] is k=−∞ y[n].

2. (a) Suppose we are given the following facts about a discrete-time signal x[n] with (3)
period 6 and Fourier series coefficients ak .
P5 P6 n
P7 2 5
i. n=0 x[n] = 2 ii. n=1 (−1) x[n] = 1 iii. n=2 |x[n]| = 6

Determine and sketch the signal x[n].

(b) Consider the periodic signal (2)
∞
X
x(t) = δ(t − 3m) + δ(t − 1 − 3m) − δ(t − 2 − 3m).
m=−∞

i. Determine the Fourier series coefficients ak of x(t).

ii. If x(t) is given as the input to an LTI system with system function
H(s) = es/4 − e−s/4
determine b3 , where bk are the Fourier series coefficients of the output signal
y(t).
 2 4 p
X(e jw ) cos2 (w)dw/2p, using the DTFT of the sequence an
0
Determine
m m
B
(b) A sequence hasM
the discrete-time
1 (j ) Figure
Fourier
2 3ptransform (4)
(c) Consider (j t)) = d [n + 2] + d [n + 1] + 2d [n] d [n 1] d [n
Page1 2 of 2the
4jw1 signal1 x[n]
2 cos(40,
M000
27th April, 2014 z(t) 9.00 am
1 - 12.00
y(t) pm
a e
X(e mthe
) =Fourier transform (t) of 0this
< a signal
< 1. bem1written inn the rectangular form as
-3 jw 3
m1where 4 5 LPF 2
0
(1 a e jw )
m
(t) jw
-6 -5 -4
-1
A(w)
-2 -1 +0jB(w).
1 2Find the signal
-1 -1
6y[n]7corresponding
8 9 10 to the transform Y (e )
x[n] Rp jw ) cos (w)dw/2p,A(w)e
2 jw ].
Determine z(t) of the sequence any(t)
0p X(e using the DTFT u[n].
b c
(c)
-5,000 Consider
2 the signal 5,000 = sin(t/2)
x(t)-5,000 t
. 0
Figure 3 -2
5,000 LPF 2
b (4) c
(c) Consider M2 (j(d)
the1 signal
1 i. Determine ) Let
M1 (jx[n]) = d X(e
and [n + jw
sketch 2]1)
the+ denote
d [n +M
spectrum 1] the
+ 2d
(j ) FT
of theofsignal
[n] d the
[n signal
1] d [nx[n]2].plotted Let below. (5) Evaluate the
27-3th April, 2014
the Fourier transform 3 of this
5 signal
4 without Page
be 2 of 42in the
written rectangular jwform 9.00
as am
X(e -jw12.00 pm
explicitly
m1 (t) calculating
n X(ea ). 2 (t) ) = a
-6 -5 -4 A(w)
-2 -1 +0jB(w). 1 2Find the signal 6y[n]7corresponding
8 9 m210(t) to the transform Y (em jw ) = [B(w)
2 cos(20, + 000t) 2 cos(20, 000t)
2 sin(t)
-1
A(w)e jw ].
-1 -1 Figure 3
j0g(t) = (x(t) cos(t)) iii.
R
∗ p2 . DT FT
-2 i. X(e ) bπ t |X(e c jw )|2 dw v. y[n] () Re{e
th -5,000 0 5,000 p
27 April, 2014
jw
(d) Let X(e ) denote the FTii.of \X(e Page
the ysignal 2 of 4
jw x[n]0 plotted below. R 9.00 am - 12.00
2 cos(10, pm
000t)
ii. Find x1M 2 (j )
(t)
h(t) such that 1 (t)=)g(t)
-5,000
x(t)
jw ∗ 2 cos(10,
h(t). 5,000
x2 (t) 000t) p
iv. Evaluate
p X(ethe following
jwy2)e
(t)j3w dw (5)
without explicitly
-5,000 0 1 calculating 5,000X(e ). m2 (t) a
2 cos(20, 000t)
1 1 1
(d) Determine and sketch the
R p signaljwx[n] whose DTFTx[n]
is given by
DT FT
(3)
j0
i. X(e ) 2
tiii.
t dw000t) v. y[n] ()t Re{e X(e jw
2 jw
•p |X(e 2)| )}
h[n]
4. (a)x1(t)Whenii.the impulse
\X(e jw train x[n] = Â

R
iv. k= p djw
j2ω [n
e• 1y2)e 4k]
cos(10,
Figure
j3w 4 is the input to
2 a particular
1 112system
LTI (4)
p X(e dw
y1 (t) )
-5,000 00 x12 (t)
5,000 jω 0 (t)sin(3ω/2) 0 1 2 0 3
response1XH(e e jw ),=the output , −π < ω ≤ to
π. be10
1 with frequency
1 1 − ejω of the system
1 sin(ω/2)
is found
5p p x[n] jkp/2 1 1 1
y[n] = tcos 2 n + 4t . Determine the t
values ofh[n]H(e ) for k = 0, 1, 2, and 3. 8
0 1 0 1 0 1 2 2 0
-3 1 2 3 5 3 4 5
(b) A3. sequence
(a) The has thex(t)
input discrete-time
and outputFourier
-6 -5 -4
y(t) of transform
a continuous-time
11
10 -2 -1 0
system are
11 2
related as
4 6 (4)7
(2)
8
1 1
x[n] -1y[n] 8 -1 -1 1
h1-3
[n] y(t)a=
h2 [n] e2x(t)
jwh25[n]
[cos(2πt)
3 4 + cos(8πt)]
5 . 1
-6 -5 -4 X(e-2jw )-1= 0 1 jw 2 where 4 0-2<6a-1 <71.
0 81
n
92 310 4 -2 5 6 8 9
x[n] If the signal -1
x(t) (1 a e )
y[n] is bandlimited to ωm -1
rad/sec, determine
-1 the maximum value
7
h1 [n] h2 [n] h [n] 1 1
of ωRmp for 2which
x[n]
jw (e)Fig.(a)
A2 signal
x(t) can be x(t)
0 whose
recovered 3spectrum
from X( jw),
y(t). Justify 8 as9 shownnin the figure, is sampled
Fig.(b)
yourn answer.
Determine p X(e ) cos20(w)dw/2p,
-2 -1
using the DTFT of the sequence a u[n].
1 2 4 -2 5 6 7
2
(b) Consider the signal x(t) Hz.whose
Sketchspectrum
the spectrum of the sampled signal. Can we reconstruct
Fig.(b)X(jω) is shown in the figure. (3) x(t)
(e) A signal
Fig.(a)
(c) Consider thex(t) whose
M1 (j spectrum
) = d [n X(+jw), as shown
[n + in
dFigure 5 the figure, is sampled at a rate of
+ 2d [n] d [n 1] d [n 2]. (4)
1 1 signal x[n] samples? 2]1 + 1] Let (5)
20 Hz. Sketch the3spectrum of the sampled signal. Can we reconstruct x(t) from these jw
-3 the Fourier
samples?
transform of 4 this
5 signal be written X(j ) in
n the rectangular form as X(e ) =
m1 (t)
6 -5 -4
-1
A(w) + jB(w). Find
-2 -1 0 1 2
X(jthe signal
-1 ) -1
6y[n] corresponding
7 8 91 10 to the transform Y (e jw ) = [B(w) +
A(w)e jw ]. 1 b c
-5,000 0 -2
5,000
jw ) denote the FT of the40signal x[n] plotted
40 60
60 0
(d) Let X(e
60 40 M02 (j ) 40 60
below. Evaluate the following (5)
jw
without explicitly calculating X(e ). m2 (t) a
2 cos(20, 000t)
Figure 6
i. If x(t) is sampled atR pthe Nyquist rate (ωN ), sketch the spectrum of the
j0 ) jw )|2 dw DT FT
i. X(e
16th November, 2014 16th signal.
sampled November, iii. Page
2014
p |X(e
3 of 4 v.Page
y[n]
9.003am
of -412.00
() Re{epm2 jw X(e jw )} 9.00 am
R 2 cos(10, 000t)
x1 (t) ii. \X(e
-5,000 (t)jwRepeat
y1ii. ) 0M1 (j (i) x)for5,000
2 (t) iv. pp X(e
a sampling jwy2)e
M (jj3w)ωdw
1(t)
frequency N /3.
1 1iii. Can x(t) be1 recovered from the1 sampled signals in (i) and (ii)? Justify your
answers. x[n] m1 (t) m1 (t)
t t t h[n]
0 1 0 1 0 1 22 0 1 112 3
4. -5,000
(a) Consider0 a signal5,000 10
x(t) related to two signals x1 (t) and x2 (t) by b c (3)
1 1 1
-5,000 0 5,000 8
M
-32 (j ) x(t) = x1 (t5− 2)3∗ x2 (−t 4 +53)
n
M (j ) a4
-6 -5 -4 -2 -1 0 1 m22(t)2 6 2 7cos(20,8000t)9 10
x[n] where x1 (t)-1=y[n] e−2t u(t) and x2 (t) = e−3t u(t). -1 Determine -1 1 X(s) a
h1 [n] h2 [n] h2 [n] 1 m2and
(t) specify the
ROC. n
-2 -1 0 4 -2 5
3 000t)
1 2 2cos(10, 6 7 8 9
(b) Consider0 a causal5,000
-5,000 LTI system with system function (4)
(e) A signal x(t) whose spectrum X( jw), as shownFig.(b)
Fig.(a)
in the figure, is sampled2 at a rate000t)
cos(10, of (4)
-5,000 2 5,000
20 Hz. Sketch the spectrum of the sampled 0 2s − 2s + 1
H(s) =signal. Can we
2 + 2s + 1
. reconstruct x(t) from these
samples? 2s
i. SketchX(jthe) pole-zero plot and specify the ROC.
1
ii. Is it a stable system? Justify your answer.
iii. Use geometric evaluation of the pole-zero plot to sketch the magnitude re-
60 40 0 40 60
sponse of the system.

16th November, 2014 Page 3Page

of 4 2 9.00 am - 12.00 pm
M1 (j )
 (c) Consider an LTI system whose input x(t) and output y(t) are related as (4)
Zt
y(t) = e−(t−τ ) x(τ − 1)dτ.
−∞

The above system is cascaded with a causal LTI system described by the follow-
ing differential equation:
d2 y(t) dy(t)
2
+3 + 2y(t) = x(t).
dt dt
i. Determine the impulse response of the first system
ii. Determine the impulse response of the second system
iii. Use the Laplace transform and results of (i) and (ii) to determine the impulse
response of the overall system.
5. (a) Consider the circuit shown in the figure. The switch was at position A for a long (3)
time. At t = 0, the switch is moved from position A to position B. Determine
i(t) for t > 0.

(b) The impulse response of a discrete-time LTI system is given by (3)

 n
2 , 0≤n≤3
h[n] = .
0, otherwise
Sketch the pole-zero plot of H(z) and indicate the ROC.
(c) Briefly explain the following:
i. Gibb’s phenomenon (2)
ii. Magnitude response characteristics of Butterworth, Chebychev, and Elliptic (3)
lowpass filters.

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