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202 End Term Solutions 2013

This document contains a 4-page examination for a Signals and Systems course covering topics including impulse response, linearity, time-invariance, convolution, Fourier analysis, sampling, filtering, and z-transforms. The exam consists of 7 multi-part questions testing concepts like impulse response characterization of systems, periodicity analysis of signals, Fourier analysis techniques, sampling and reconstruction, filter design specifications, pole-zero plots, and solving difference equations for impulse responses. Students are asked to determine properties of systems, analyze and represent signals in different domains, relate input-output relationships using transforms and convolutions, and design filters meeting given criteria.

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Vikash Manidhar
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105 views17 pages

202 End Term Solutions 2013

This document contains a 4-page examination for a Signals and Systems course covering topics including impulse response, linearity, time-invariance, convolution, Fourier analysis, sampling, filtering, and z-transforms. The exam consists of 7 multi-part questions testing concepts like impulse response characterization of systems, periodicity analysis of signals, Fourier analysis techniques, sampling and reconstruction, filter design specifications, pole-zero plots, and solving difference equations for impulse responses. Students are asked to determine properties of systems, analyze and represent signals in different domains, relate input-output relationships using transforms and convolutions, and design filters meeting given criteria.

Uploaded by

Vikash Manidhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE

EC-202: Signals & Systems

B.Tech (ECE,CSE) & IDD (ECW,CSI) IInd Year


Spring Semester 2013
End-Term Examination
Maximum Marks :100
Note: Answer all questions.

1. (a) Using the generalized function definition of impulse, show that


d (at) =

(2)

1
d (t).
|a|

(b) Show that causality for a continuous-time system is equivalent to the following statement:
For any time t0 and any input x(t) such that x(t) = 0 for t < t0 , the corresponding
output must also be zero for t < t0 .

(3)

(c) Consider a discrete-time system with input x[n] and output y[n] related by

(3)

y[n] =

n+n0

x[k]

k=n n0

where n0 is a finite positive integer.


i. Is the system linear?
ii. Is the system time-invariant?
Justify your answers.
(d) Let

(4)
y(t) = u(t + 1) u(t 1) t (u(t)
=
(1/2) x( 3t + 2).

u(t

1))

Determine and sketch x(t).


(e) Determine whether the following signals are periodic, and for those which are, find
the fundamental period.
i. x[n] =
k= (d [n 4k] d [n 1 4k])
ii. x[n] = cos( n8 p)
iii. x[n] = cos( p2 n) cos( p4 n)
2. (a) Suppose that x(t) = (u(t + 1) u(t 1)) and h(t) = x(t/a), where 0 < a 1.
i. Determine and sketch y(t) = x(t) h(t).
ii. If dy(t)/dt contains only three discontinuities, what is the value of a?.
2t u(t). Determine the
(b) An LTI system has step response given by s(t) = e t u(t) e p
output of this system y(t) given an input x(t) = d (t p) cos( 3)u(t).

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(3)

(4)

(4)

(c) Let x[n] and y[n] be two real-valued discrete-time signals. The autocorrelation functions fxx [n] and fyy [n] of x[n] and y[n], respectively are defined as
fxx [n] =

m=

x[m]x[m

fyy [n] =

n]

m=

y[m]y[m

n]

y[m]x[m

n]

(6)

and the cross-correlation functions are given by


fxy [n] =

m=

x[m]y[m

fyx [n] =

n]

m=

i. Express fxx [n] and fxy [n] in terms of convolution. Is fxy = fyx ?.
ii. Let x[n] be the input to an LTI system with unit sample response h[n], and let the
corresponding output be y[n]. Show how fxy [n] and fyy [n] can be viewed as the
output of LTI systems with fxx [n] as the input. (Do this by explicitly specifying
the impulse response of each of the two systems in terms of h[n].)
(d) Determine whether the LTI systems characterized by the following impulse responses
are invertible. If yes, find the impulse response of the inverse system.
i. h(t) = d (t) + d (t + 2)

ii. h(t) = e

2t u(t)

iii. h[n] =

(6)

1 n
5 u[n]

3. (a) Consider a causal continuous-time LTI system whose input x(t) and output y(t) are
related by the following differential equation:

(5)

d
y(t) + 4y(t) = x(t).
dt
Find the Fourier series representation of the output y(t) for each of the following
inputs:
i. x(t) = cos(2pt)
ii. x(t) = sin(4pt) + cos(6pt + p/4).
(b) Suppose we are given the following information about a periodic signal x(t) with
period T = 2 and Fourier series coefficients ak .
i. x(t) is real and odd

ii. ak = 0 for |k| > 1

Specify two signals that satisfy these conditions.

iii.

1R2
2
2 0 |x(t)| dt

= 1.

(c) Find the Fourier transform of the following signals


j10t
|t| < p
e ,
i. x(t) =
|t| > p
0,
ii. x(t) =

7th May, 2013

d
3t u(t)) (e t u(t
dt {(e

(6)

2))}

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(4)

9.00 am - 12.00 pm

(d) Let x(t) be a real signal with Fourier transform X( jw). Suppose we are given the
following facts:
i. |t|e

|t| FT
! Re{X( jw)}

(5)

ii. x(t) = 0 for t 0.

Find x(t).
4. (a) A signal x(t) = 3 cos(6pt) + cos(16pt) + 2 cos(20pt) is sampled at a rate 25% above
the Nyquist rate. Sketch the spectrum of the sampled signal. How would you reconstruct x(t) from these samples?
(b) i. Using the duality between the discrete-time Fourier transform synthesis equation
and the continuous-time Fourier series analysis equation, show that:

sin(W n) FT
|w| W
1,
jw
x[n] =
! X(e ) =
.
0,
W <w p
pn

(4)

(8)

ii. Determine the following sum:

sin(pk/5) sin(pk/7)
.
k2

k=

(c) Using the DTFT of discrete-time rectangular pulse and the properties of DTFT, determine the DTFT of the signal
x[n] = 2d [n + 2] + 3d [n + 1] + 4d [n] + 3d [n

1] + 2d [n

(4)

2].

(d) Consider a discrete-time LTI system with impulse response


8
0n2
< 1,
1,
2n 1 .
h[n] =
:
0,
otherwise

(4)

Given that the input to the system is

x[n] =

d [n

4k],

k=

determine the Fourier series coefficients of the output y[n].


5. (a) Consider a continuous-time LTI system for which the input x(t) and output y(t) are
related by the differential equation
d 2 y(t) dy(t)
2y(t) = x(t).
dt 2
dt
i. Determine H(s) as a ratio of two polynomials in s. Sketch the pole-zero pattern
of H(s).
ii. Determine h(t) if the system is assumed to be stable.
(b) Let x(t) be the sampled signal specified as
x(t) =

nT

d (t

nT ),

where T > 0.

n=0

i. Determine X(s), including its region of convergence.


ii. Sketch the pole-zero plot of X(s).
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(4)

(c) It is desired to design a lowpass Butterworth filter with the following specifications:
i. pass band (0 |w| 10 radians/sec)
ii. pass band gain(0.9 |H( jw)| 1)

(3)

iii. stop band (|w| 20 radians/sec)


iv. stop band gain (|H( jw)| 0.10)

Write down the equations to determine the order and 3 dB cut-off frequency of the
Butterworth filter.
(d) Sketch the poles of a 6th order Butterworth analog lowpass filter with a 3 dB cut-off
frequency of 1 kHz, in the s-plane.

(2)

(e) Find the inverse z-transform of

(3)

"
#
1
1, 024 z 10
X(z) =
,
1, 024
1 12 z 1

|z| > 0.

(f) Consider an LTI system with input x[n] and output y[n] for which
y[n

1]

(6)

(17/4)y[n] + y[n + 1] = x[n].

Using Cauchy residue theorem, determine the unit sample response (impulse response)
of the system if it is assumed to be stable.
(g) A discrete-time system has two poles at z = 0 and z = 0.5 and a zero at z = 2. Show
using the geometrical evaluation that the magnitude response of the system is unity.

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