Qh Eveluete Li te. ol ust = a a} Lae “Et L’ Hosbital's sue: Sct We have lim bog (x-1) - (+-8) on/p Ok xo 2 (m-2) tog (x -) (2) ar 4a -!1 2 eet (By UL Hospited's vue) 32 ' wut lim SS ae (ue) (nay boglD a-] Ww red ~ (2) ™ ae ae (w-2) + (beg (x-t)) (wt) } ni J, 1 By UHospitet § um bay ( ne won 1+ Jog ) ’ Ss - ewQa, Verify Rotls's Thao fos 40) a ae in (e,7) + Sob s(x) ie conbnucws: Ase, bly) a dexvoble In (0,1): Ake, gee, d(mae 40 Bek t= 8: 5 by Rolle's Theor , dren euch Ce (e™) auch Phe Bic =o: New, we pind valus ef & © » veniby fiek id Dies ty Boe Intewel Co, ) We have yiw)e eeose= eh sine (” New, glx) =° trap ht o> et [enn sine) 72 hes Cotte SIKH = ° tes Lose = othe ie. kane = | ov ut D e (77) 4 “Tru, Palle's Theorem. ts ves pied :OB: Find Pd of Lagrange’ mean - volun Huason, for ade following function (u-1) (4-2) bn [@ +) : Soh Let f= xleri)C2) 4) ds continuous and dliffenenbieble being a polyromink unchien - &, by Lagrange Mean Vvebue, Theorem rere entisis c e(° ) s' sO = ROH. bea aro, HE HOE? gio 4)? BED GE) = 24) b%) 3 cid uch bhet Now, ble) = eed Oe 2) pt) = a(ed): | o+ (2) ‘| + |I- (wie?) oa ae Sua D ae ee wet ee? a Be but?te). de fo+% Lagvang's giver ff-)= pl bo Ney a gaGc tae ee eae 26 oe fe 1t-o 2 ac- ber X= 2On. Expand stat in powens of o-®) » Hens, bind ha vobuo of sin A? eerwveck y dotimal places: Setq. lak RGA) = sina gld= gE O65) = lr) «CE EE) CELIO) ORY pean © Now, eae © vad _ eo aoe! = — & fons: wt 4 180 - o- ol TS Sep %* EF 1G. ows , “pisding different derival ves - $04) = stn , ME = |} to) cosh, (5) = O pig = sees CE) = a) - - Sry fe" (®>- oOpO) = Alen, (5) ete Put im @ to get Sin wm = (-L ry” wen) we genre OE) ® Pubking. vobuss ef ae and a im swlaten @ ke ak Now, Voblus ot ME ae 7 ° 4 gnc Ie tb pels) + o-olTS (oer) del poo. ° sin WE t-b x (eo 200206) a2 (Remaining. dems igneved being very ral.) Wwe get ate QV" - l- oF 060(|$3 hee ginal = e° 4q4b ) suguived anesQE: Prove bhak a 3 Arn = tt Le Dd 23 * ay o oes nv Sg Besies expansion) (using, Mactauste Sel. heb Ye inte, yle)= © gO) = de = Ye cee we 4 ECD (EAD ET 2! * (ENE?) 0 "# --— te: 4 6 : dats But Bas. i a) 16 yr(e)* | c Yo = Ley 24+ Bat Bohol te ooo 2 8 ig Yo us viens US Lo g 4s (0) = OYa = fea tide. ya (0) =| Yae Int Dt -- 7 ‘ * Yy (= yse Te Boake -- 2 ts(o) = 7 718 mito eece Uge 3:3 2a + dele) = © yq 2 TE a + tome ead yale) 715" 3= aac. Mev, By Mactaurin's Hhoosam , ainin = elo) + % Gt &) "= dale) + ~~~ . 3 c a = M+ My Ie 228% 3l 5) mau aoe ed we 8 we es oy, 2°33" Ze Saye TT 5Bs Prove that Brym) = Mm) Pm). Pf (eat) . Seba We uill porous, that Cl) (mn = (many Blmim) New, Go) 2 Cmn'y= 2 fe-™ ae - dx c (m) = of ex ee ty ‘O° am -| = a fet yt tay Se, co Fm) Pm) = (? on™ x tg) (afeP ey oy, 7 fe OT Ft agChanging broke pedas. toorrdineda , we qd le- mo me PLesB, ye aSInO , tye oe £ ceene | yes Line e262 T - Se, < 2 >, Per) Pla) = uf [er Gus) (sin) adade Bro neo te. Flea) f(m) = “ o oot Gant Gl aI fe* x ° “b sin do pQg re = 2 aa n)- | 4 ; Per) Pls) = uf [eo a ») costs oe Jo 6 ° 3 mel 4 cyt lees) cos” & Sin 6 a) fe xP ° (Separated as product of single Integr) f(*’) p(n) = B(m~) C(m +n) Henee pov vad - ve f(ajels) =/ 2 omy taQ2. Usirg. Aarne funck on, brews thal | 3 [lease = fe Sot Put tog b= +, ar tezee uM mL e+ aD due aetdt yweo ce) $e © buel do £0 Woe get integral as Paka B (-6 a) ety ge Pub Sta Salt = dz dk =e. 5 J a e* (2) & ok, [eo 23 de Do < r(4) = 3! 6, ene proved, et tt) 3! fre 628 62512. QS Evohuads | Sti pi converges ee “rd Sen. bok Te [atopy ate 6 Sty Chega) Puk te bogx, abe ax wee oD gelegee! wea ge leg * woe or log Te lm ae aoe -3tl tog * Lien ar) aoe —3tl |+ yee reThe. Cyrus, as Aymmabieel about both he ans ond for the pakes of He ee in Bee feret quadrasd, & vonies $7 WwW = n 7 Oy J ¢ oe ak Ye i anf a sin 0 Ve . — bet [ oh cor t At by. (-Bacost aint ) ot > —-3> 2 , U2s . 6 2:) 2 —Sh rae 32ne - 60a i aa 5-31 105 (i ice ) tn magnitude i ee ete es aCQi Fed She. swrfpes. aran, of tha, solid qereteal by snavorving, dhe, cyeberd. a= a(e-sme), Ye o-(\-cose) abou Pao rt-ands. Sota: “The equakions of He cyeletd one we a (e-sine), ye alt cose) The cyclers is S yromat-i col obout the Line Brough dhe f aink Oat ,L de tram- | a (l- cose) 4+ orsin& = al 14 wte- Qeoset stn's = afoC\-cose) mn = afa-2swe& * ae Raquived Sungate OPS” As ols of any Te w, e, dé 2 un fo Creosed oa a in Y ae w v sasin, _ a/[oste 4) oun ( ( " 3B de & ot 2 me fee a = adt 7 de= 2A) 2 = une | Ala 2dr ° = 320ne, > SioaOrn. Vert Ca. mean, value, thearam ard find ec, ih Bw)e eX, 4) on™ ard ne [arb]. Sete: b= e, glt) = e, Bath gard g are contindeus and dipheanbable in (arb) et bo tm (arb) obus, Lheedim, \. mean V! U) aaah ek we (arb) - @n Cart] aie) = - Sv, by Goudy enuch Gin (a te). plb- bla) ie LD c boa e = enF& eo Fe -e é>-e7 -e b a ar ) Re b oe (eb-) (ere D = e-e = -e@ = ST = a b 1 1 eve eb e* ath a ae. -eers -@ Dez ath or CF ash e (art). Pena de Hanon is verified ,x 2e. Bis Prove = “fs (1+ dann) dx = ale a J] tosis dana) ae 10) Te [29 (1+ 408 (Ta) 2 - vant Ga ie °2 au: Find the sank of She fellouring. rratalst No- of nen-zesw stot is 2, oo f)=2-QE Reda tre following, mobrnt irr novmel “ heron & hence, fond sank of fhe, matrix 2 | -3 -¢ 3 °#-3 \ 2 \ \ ' 2 Ry 22, [2 7! Cr-4) \ °, a “| 6 o -6 oe, ei ao Cy- Cy oRCIRe { o on o | Rag G)Ra pie Cy- 3 \ oO “—_~ o | o 6 6R2 |} Ra -P%27fo |} o Oo p we uo 23.Qu. Find bhe. Inverse of she mabe using. * Gouss- Teron meltod Az [3 4 | ae) ! = | Sotn. Unting bho mosis ft ougmanked Lt te. (lz = [> 11 1 a Rooks ¢, 2 | jo 2 | a 2» 1 J je te 9 YU BftL oo Ra-281 12 ! ° ° _ — Ry 8 Ry 3 Tin -5 I]t ? -% Ral »2 t je ° 5 Palette 30 “Vy 7/3 eo -l12-4S)\) o- Rie oes alu ¥ Jo 73 My Ra t!2Reo}o | Mg ]o “Yq 7/3 a oo -lf\ 4 0 Ro -Rs fl ° vz }e *%s “Vn en © 1 Valo “Ye 23 o oO | fel y °3 RoR, |? ' © a 6®s | 0 ; V3 “Sly 743 aT Ya fy -y, ce 3 Vea “Se a Suaquived -I 4 a hav enre Qi. ==" Sotue, the. pelleusing system of Dinoas equalions (using Gouss- ELiminakew Method) at 2y4 2-3 Qn+ Sut O22 5 Or- Sy+ S22 Bue dy Z® Ye equal ons Wwe hane kN above aytter of Uses Can be denoted’ a» AXx= B: Then considering. the augmented maka [ala], we ‘howe Sotn2 | el oO a2 _ t °o Oo ° Ry-2Ry R3-3 Ry Rye BRy ow 3 “I -¢ 2 ) eee Yom 2-4 ! ° ° o |2A P(A)= 3 ans e(Al8)= 3 = P(A)= re of Vavatla Thoubore, Re Astin of equals \s Cercistesk & has a Uni gus dotukt Gr wNidh will be glutn by dace cubsktuh an. From othe Dest eguiveledt mabix [A]8] we we Qype ZED g =! 2er UXich En sotuing Pusther gee wert. + fae gotuken ts Gen by |28 Qi. Fan what volues of a and b do the Bellevsing. aysctiarn ot equations shave Gs no sotubben: Gy a unique sotubi on . Lit infinitely many, solubions. 4 fy 22 6 w+ By 4522 4 2u+ Sytazab Sota. hak Sha above. ayssem op equahens be denoted by Ax= ®- Fen we howe, the augmented amos % aaa ; 34Cote! : When a=8,b #15, 24. g(a) = 2 # P(A: B= 3- The Syskern has no Actuk en - Coxe! When at 8, any b, PIA) = (AB) = 3. The Aystem, has a Unique Botub an . Cased: When as 8, b=!5, £ia)= PIA B= 2<3 (Here: of Vantob let) , The aystem has Wfintely many, Seubert:aN. Aso dhe fellersing vectors lt 30: debendant: St 40, find a sulaken between thom » Xe (uot), Xo* (24), Xo (5 6): Subr. Consider RX, + Ra Xo t Ra Xa =O a iC tars) + ka (Ble) + Ba (48,8) = © D> (Rr, 2Riyh) + (2he, Re, uta) + (Hea Shs Sta) = (e188) Ry t BRat kg =O 2k, + Ro + 5k, =O k, + Uka + Ska =O The aboue system ‘Ig a. homogeneous system of equekons Q Deb TE be denoted by Ax ° | eo oe © >) Theoret, ust get f(A) = 2 <3 He number of varteb |e: The systim of equaltens has Inpirstily met setuben, +e+ nen— dwelt setubons enust * Transfert, Prone east Riko, kg net abd zero such Bhat RX t kaXot Rg X3 20. hrenbore, Riko Xa are Dinear ly dependent ; Now, we pind bike Ry - tnd fRet he aysten ot Dsing @, we equokiens ts equivelact ob ky, + Qkot URS ao kp + Rs =O lok kage + Rot -+ Ri = —Qbe- YR - 2(-¥)- 4 (4) = 9¢ — 4d - - 2 \So, we get ga. ke - at, Rot -4, kact Taking del, we qk ke -2, Roz -l) ka =| Thay, we. qek -2X, + CUXat %3 =O Usdick 18 dhe rogue d Sulak en Ayko, Xq.33. Q2». TH ao oe | = b Boy {=e In ushich e ef el orb, e ons di fherant, how thot obe el. Sdn. As each eum of Ca in He giver determinant Consist of two berms, use eachrens ao a gum ch wo oleterrminank * oa a-l aaa a a -| oe eafe(a om wf tb eo ‘ ro ec ced Aa Geol ou o => abe _ a ~ is | oo ee b | \¢ e cf oe l aa boa ar = abel) b pe fo tr & & fier pee ( Ponsing. Cg over Co and Cy th ecrrin at”) petecd dak ° a vo )1 2 | (abe DOS ee ‘ ceQ2!, Setne the equakions But yt az = 3, Qx- By-2 = “3 w+ dye DE 4 by Croman's suule or methed of ditermarda: Sela Wye have = 3 (-aae)-2(r4) + (144 = & oe HE LG [inpoat 44) ela | 4 ho 2 ]3s . z [3 (2+) + a(\ -4) +u(-te6)] Sirs lex: = 1 3 3 2 ' v ¢ FI -3 “| = !36. OB Lek RY be te tet of abl hostive sual numbers: Define, He, operobens of Oddibion and acobar, mubkblicaken as fellows :~ Uave Uv + uu, veRt awe uN ¥ vEIRt 4s weR- Shout Bhok Rb aa a Veeder Space ova R Ae she hak RT 2 vedas. apace over. Ro, we prove EAL pollousing anima o4 pallows + (bo Te brow: (U4 vyr WE ut (9+ w+) fer ong uy Vy us EtRt: New, (uv) ue = (uv) ws (ro a < u(ve) = us (ur) “Topo LR veo pereng up VERT vt. Set. ub Wow uave uv = VuF (i) Endatencs of Zeno ee man TT ah Hon euish Zero elamund, uch JA Utor oturlu.37. Hera, he zesw ellamant ls LER? Kecaure uel = u-lzetusr ltueu-: i Eristenu ot megekue element menus Covresbon ding tb every uerRt, We have do shaw way = ey ee = Zee cine , _ ~ weRT: “oki wu as + ee alten eels ome Oe J = Zesee efamard - w& a v) o ‘oN WT ns) ge ut Bou fev amy cola, 24th and ue R* . We howe @rh) w= atthe cee (uy - (Bu) = gw +P) uw Te pres oe (ut v)= Ree et eC and Acobas x. Now, (ut) = (ut we (ays uty = (4) + (uv) for u,v et ob(uty (ui 3: Consicla te Rt Tha Jou = uz usu ¥ wert Covell &, fas one acalars and uelR «ye They EB cus aby) Wwe haue @B). uw ro ~(ut)Pe(u)” = (B. u)* Eke (B-u) . “Thus, we hove proved all Heaghs aniems perv a vecty share.34, O23” Prous bhat the, tet Maya of alll 2x2 Seal. matrwiees over Ro ds net a Vector. cpote. With suapect and ou dabinad o> A+B= AxB & As LA a ABE Moxa and we R- Sot. We. will ghew bret Corumute uly bo sk ay? does rot hold. Considn AX [ ri oe 3] a Ax > [> ak [ey 274 | [it BHA + _— [2] +L ‘| ~ [iis] ALB f BEA cheney. Hence prove' Find covrdinotes, o the, vectnn- (5,12) torsrd: dhe basis we Cute), vee (421, va = (ha). cote. key ey oa be dhe suaquived Coordinates: Then (8,402) = ot) (142) ten (47201) ta (202) ie- (Sy = (“r+ uae Dg Hart 2A SD 2, 4¢2 4 32) usNch givt x 5 of + Yaa Hea © Ud) + 2dr + 43 ec ee oe ae ‘ Be UsNok Is a system of, equakens aay AX ya Than (8189) = ie at f RHR) (oe eee ow je -W THF Ry- 2F} = a ay4 > 5 at Udy + 243 3 ad. +22 dg = | going ale | b 242, As. Fos. hat value. of R the. Vector. we Cl -2,R) can be. exprussed as & dinear, Combinakten of veces Vie (3)% ay, Yo = (> “y-€) in R(R)- Let a and b be scalars Such heat Gu -2, Rh) tes (i-2 eB) urbich qet> Setn, a( 310/72) + b(%u-©) -2a- Sh) " ( 36 2b,-b, vBL Tha subsbac. Woof Ri i qenmroted : by th vets (3, 8,-3,-S), Chie2, 8-3) and (273,04) find a basts and dlimension of lw: Alse entend Bea basis te qt a basis sb rR’. Son. Gruen: we (C8, 3,8) Chir 5D, ea? Consbrucking a mabwi% A ush oboe qeruncting ro uss formas by dhe vec we get Wwe Ae [2 & -3 -5 ; 2 5 3 2 3! “4 Rieke 1-2 5 a Tle 6 3 72 oy too7-4ay Ra- bea l 2 5 3 Mm ]o IX -l8 y oO oO oO ® R ot ' _ E cD) /|O t -18 “3 ae fy thy ° ° uskida ts a Stolo- echulen mali Unkh dwe nomn get sus’ These - gerre te vedas fue si) (2 7%) form & basis of We News —_ bee ek LQ -2, 3, » Cr yo Wa ~) 4 * her a basis ion R'. Consider & makin fellows =|} -2 § -3 o | Hh 47 © ° \ o ro © o | Lbhich 1s a your echelon mobs: ws anrs— Tarefore th new-gene 16 | ee ek eablies hot 0,1,° (11215173), (21) “V5 on) (281! 8) 5 (ore, 231 uy er ao bosis ot R-2 Detesrmins a basis and dimension of he subsbac, W of R2(R) takes: Wwe pcuvten ug). ug EIR, U2 2u,, Uge Urt Uo ¢ We. Son. We have We p Cantar 4a) | Ug = Ruy, Ug= uy Hag Lak (uy Ua, Ua) © We Then (Wives bd <= (4 Quy uy +42) = (a, Quy uy + R41) ct (415 Qu, 5 34) = i, Cup ace. of (2/3) te: W= L§curarg Also, § cur} Dimsarity independent being Aingd on: Den § e022) 4 ts abasis fox W- So Aue WW = ir2s. tot T. R= Re bea Dineasr. oper 4 ° dshinad b ¢ T (mye 2) = (3%, *-4, doct yt z). Show bhet Tis bverkbl. ard find 77, Son 0 (yt) (2% %4) Dot yt 2) To prove T le yenkble, use shows that Tis en ent and erke - Tw ens OMe nek T D4 gy) (He 427) ie- (3%5 melee) le yt) = (B%2,%2° fo) Raat yat72) > B= Bxo mim Fi mac ga ee & Quy, + 4, a2 se deat yt te ane gage Z= 22° vs (mu, 40> ZH) = (2, Ys, 22):T ws en Pr let (uy) eR>. Te hind ida poerimage (arbre) undo. T uch Prat Tob, e)= (4,2). Vee (3a, 0-6, Qa+bre) = (xy2)- le Bae a-be Qao+ beer 4 Sotving , ye) On eer aoa = 3-¢ ct z- 2b = a2- -x amet yt eh ce (arbre) = (3 wey, -%4 yt) So, we dove q( 3 Bp oH aye Ga) 2 Tis evcho - vo4g, Thu, T being Ona- Ona and ee) aa euch and w given by T': R> —> R? such hak TH (acy) 2) = (® 7h zomty).O22: EEE Find Lhe mocksine subsusenting he Jeans permeation T: RR defined T (my 2 (a+4+ 2) Que, Sy - zy by srolabue Sr Staneland basts of R ard", Setn - Thee) = (lr & >) = le, +2e2 +o-eat Oey ushens er, eo, es, ey ana de atondand basis veers in Rr‘) Tere = (ne, 2,6) = le + Ol + Mat bey tloerl= G ay a) = le, + leg heat or €y . iy bs th Theruhere., Makin corresponding pharderd basis We Gren OF ("1 CoP- Apo - o1—H~@3e- Given T: Ro R™ such Hob = Thuy)= (2y-Uoy wy, yo da), find mornin of T sulabue Be basis Bs Sey, (294 of R and Ble f (orm), Cuerl), C10) 4 Re Sotn Fase cotuen | of the modu fT) cine (2-m yb ~ C2) te. TODD = (-2 UV) tee TLal) = (ey) teo(ner!) telah 0) News, fincling aa, %9 Buch bhol- (2D a ai(orl Lt go (rer) T%3 du he) je kp Mae ore ce get “y+ aa =! Paree> ey = 1) ee 7 Kq=O: at 42 4 &, (-% Wl) = C1) Cen) + (-2) (veil) +o(une Fas. Cotumn [2 of he moteur 5 Tle >) = (22-422 0, 2- 2:9) weeny, Bf d+AaCh aD) as2. Nev, (4,272) = Fle LD+ PBC uel)) +t B. nye) Woe get Pot Ry =4 Soluing B =-/ B+hso [ # * Bes qt Be r,* BR =O 2 (4yeray = ED Cont) $B Chl to he) —@ Using © SQ, we gt phe makrix assedated with Tas -! feel -[b 3 | o ! 3x Us ¢ uy, LID, Qa. Let B= (UD, uy = Cl-l >) bea basis of Ree bet T? RE RE be he Dinsan, dronsfomation auch thot tT (une Cue) 5 T (uz) =(o dD, ‘ T(as) = Cul): Find T hot Us (mrs, %3) © R?- SkaS3. Tren (420%) = kp Wp Foes + Kg 4g? (1%, m3) = ey ( " ul) t+éa C4, WD tC VD We pind nBus iy ta %z - of) + Uta + oka FY ay t Me Mae ety $Aat Beyqer%y wate (2) (2D “(tt) < 3-44+2=] 2, pte 2 -1 3 | anf 40 135 3.. {4 3 x, - 7%. S%a s do | ~ foe + 3%e 42% “y Qn, —Sx%x2 —3%q Wwe ade alee T (aurea) » T( wu, + teat 2 42 Uta) + THs) +427) a & (ue) 4+ to (% I) +43 (ul) xs (A443 2 Kor “3) = Bap HB tg t 2H PT - —3%3 er sega a + 2H, 9% A2- 8x35 wey oe Terns) © (FE Tas os) ,t four complsely Be any vols volus (%0 272) -gag. Depre sang apace and null * dinton dransfermaben - face “4 = Sects leat THU@V be mw Dinoos dranformakicn . Nuh shout or Renna fT: Tt 4s olepined 4 be de qubset of U concisking ot abl those vedi LL urhete mage undoes TA © ie. N(T)= fueu TOY Range space of 7 1 The ange (= image) ORT an dhe aed of al veciort tn V that ans images under. T oF vectors in U ie- Range. T= RIT) = Stl): ue Uy : aQss. ant rT: U(H)- vi deranspormation, un Rank T+ Null T = dim U ie (D+ 2T) = dim U (=) dy Oo dinear or dim (RCT) + ben (Nex) = dim US6- Sot. Lak Su uay---- Umg be a basis of NLT) Ao tot dim N(T) = “(T= ™ « Then , {4 Usy--- Um} deing dinearcly in VED) ane indebendent in U ard thus we 6% extend dru basis to a Sasis Se Jt Henao jo Then dim (NCD) = A(T) = ™ and dmUs 1: We shall finst thew the the set gle i T(umer) > Tames) - 77 T(4n)} as oa basts fer RCT) - Qe S basis fer u , #0 each veces uel can be exprassed on a dinoas. Lembinoben wc Ayla Anta ta - - mint Qoney Umut tnt and donu each veda Tw) = aT) + aaT (42) ¥-- - Am T (un) + an Tun). + Bear T(Uma) t---57. ie. Tu) = Or or---t0 + m4] T (tum ) a + a Ten) 7 Tun) a (a* Amn Tamu) toon FM ) * Tu) we > Ainaes combinakicn % lume) — nn 2 The) . Q! ons RL) Thus , 4 gag ee Se Daly We shalt she ‘ , ty, Ten) Wed, Amat (ame) + Arman Timea) too Bn ° a atm) =O DT (ama Yn + Amertionts Ndr). > Array Ven + Aman tenes. + 7 An5m & )5B. Since. fuyjua,---- > Um y ww a basis of NCr), So amas Yann Oman Umaat == ot On Un = bp Ura bated -- - + bm Um >) th» u, + (-bs)ur + ---- + (-ben) Ug te Omnay Ue dy + Omya Umart --- + Any = oO : u wee Un Sine (eis ts oe - Umy Uy 3 ws Dinwarby independent seb, wt que vb e cba tee echt Ama EO , = Oy ee IO, Tn parKeulor , Ama = Amaa “Ths, Sou Limoardy independent and Apans RCT) & go s! “ys ov hasis per R(t) - wo dtm R(T)E NT > g(t)e wm 2 got)3 AT) Ushich proves dhe thier .= sh T Ris Ris a Linton. rn sformatin dafinad by Ttla)= (hi), tes)= Cirle I), Tes) = Cue, oy tleu)= Che, es verify hot pit) alt) = din = 4 cate Hema, TeRT RD ow Bins tranaforaln R(T) oR. Th ye R(t), Phen there eu oue R puch he TIO RY. ote a vedas Nov Me Rr’ my 0,2)+ oe (21ers) #44[2 4) fe) uo (m4, ee A21 = a, LWew, 2) + ar (e Om me Mer +%oet ty ea > my ey? 2 us t(*) = Tere eat My ea t HH ev) ° 2 a, 7 le1)t a, Tes) + azt leg) + Me T(e) oe Ye wlth y+ wal uch U) +g Ler) + ay( rl)bo. “Thus, RUT) ts Abanned by Hye, verbs Cun, Cu-), Ciere) (rel). -@® Bu RINER & alin (R) = 3 - © dim RLT) £3 and hone Je abour pour Vecbrb few Qa Drnoanly.- defendant se * We check JAE ist three vectors f ©) per Juno indapendanc « pot alt) + bull) + el or8) =o Ta PRL makk muta, Axzo: ; whe Ae ri) (ii 3 Ale 2 #° aN Ww Ato ard enw. tre ° A» nenn boo, CFO" ony see aA Verbs Cut), Curb Crd for & Linsey werdenk teh © bw, > basis ARE) te Sone ee oToo dimension of R(T) de dm R(T) = 3 - Romk of T ie PCT)© £3. pind Ba dimension Pi N¢T) . ma) & NO) ec! er’. We new lek UF (Huy %eo%y TI) =0 Buk use (Homey my H) # Nes | (rts 1a, )E yey + ET mg eat muy + Uy eu T( mer teat IER Tlea + 4 Tleu) > Tlw)= Now T(MH=° tleo)* Ay Tt Tea) t+ ™ yr (wer °) at Ter) * 42Tle2) + 3 teu) = © *y Tle 7 ov a (hi aCe + ay (Wer) = (29) 2 (are rs FMD aa ee, = (2 o; 2) 262+ / Dyk tet Ast MEO O Ay- Ape oO Wr H ot %y ee @® Sebuing Eu above systin 4 equabions, Ut m=, 6 a (@ 7 -2*), ee) Qxy+ RyY=eO DB xy Azer] ay ©,-2*1) 7 oe 3 \e) - “ wctT) spanned by (her Als, sce being ae oe iediendek ord Bhuabre 4 © AbmNCD) = ie ov an ; a(t) = att ue dim in’). Hen,BIS God a Dincar. brampormakies Tt RoR & Ushese mange poet ks Aborned by dhe ech - x BA C23), (48): Sel. De know Prat Ler e2, e24 A standard basis of Rr, pshas eyF (1279) 7 O2* (em °), ea= (191) Since R aoe Sheu - dimensional vetby shew ana Severes) “saa o basis ef Rr. Shou. ends oO Unique Dinsar rans formak on T eh Tlea)= Currys Ten) = (4819) tlesy= (Orr : . ( Assuming T(er81!) 2 (21/8) Ales, RUT) is shomned by § curr, L054 peeeul § Cur, (10516) (err on by § Tey Tee) Tea)New) bee each (myo, 2 ER, we have oe Guar aa)2 (tre) + ay (ore) + (20,1) = mye, + Kala t %2 So T (Hy %a/%3) ey T(e)t Aa Tee +2, T(e) = (1273) + a4), é) +3 (21) = (4+ Yaa, Qay+ 5x2, But bx) Which LL te saguiscad Linsor, bransformolken Qse. Find a basis per dhe null shou, of Ae [2 2 he | et -too2 -3) toro-2 ec oo 1 1 1 Setn: The mocks As ob ovda Uxs. Tr can be. Been 8 % Aimaa Sransgermeh on ben pi FR A: ro R. ie.cs Nes, Nubh Spo of A= fx eR: AX =0% bet Yer? & X* (1) Ray % 57 Hay HE) and ds auch thot XE N(A) - Ahan wt ual! pind de X exadty . New, KER: xX @ NCA) ae a hom egeneour aysiem of egns- We aor 2 2-1e! * ° -to-o23 1 a = © t ) -2 ecl “3 ° ° o tl h6tlUdt pie ues Sx\ ux] Consider be coef idenk mou A ry | A= a a 2 | 1 1-2 + (os RoR alssee a leeseaoaeeen ecto) I. —a 2 2c oO Il ne i | o 0 ! tol66. vata) i € ———_ “lp — Ey [7 ~m a : ° amOLO) Ci ay avy _ia« cad adat A a —_ : ood oO bas. ‘ u a dag _ anq-—o aA-—-0 a0 O~og © Oo : ‘ T9000 a reese ToO90 709° ‘ Ss TX a0 7 0290 7000 ~ 990 roseSo, 5-322 veutiobles Con be given Libroy, voluss - By bade subskruhes :- Hypo Hat Bq — Bey 4%] TH 4 - Qey Ke Fe 3xXy =o e/a he Me 2 fk Ro Ry ‘ k Ry 3 ! my ° ° 4 -Ry ory 61. => Ayro Ra -Re5B: + Re ece Lt ~ Se, Be Vectansd F (one, Cr -he%e)f bon ne ang ane abso Linaanty defer dank ee + tol 1, 0/2 °) -(2° oe) We con (“2 Zi (o 1,2 wall given &, =) n] So the obour ad povms a basis ot, N(A) "Oke NLA) x 2: dim RULA)= dink = (we As dim NUA) + toe rane. dire RIA) * > ] Ro 7Q32 69. Show thot tha tet 7 C20), C19) as- fort o. basis of R. Setn. We. kyo row sthed for a pinta alimensional vedi Abou Vet Aimansiea mn, ony aed ofn binsandy Ww debencladt vectass In V a bosis of V- 6 Lek Se {C2rtid, Cle tn 22 (354-20] - Sine i Chere), (on), Cores 4 “us ao hoasis 4 Row dim (R) 23, te subfident te show Mrot S Is Dinearby independent: let arb, e eR such hot a(2 4) + b( 1) +e (3--2) =O bac, Yat Db- 2<) a (2atht Be, ar oa (e128) On 9a+b+ Be =O a-btc¢, =O Ya + 2b -— 26 =o The is a homo gencour sysdem of equakens,Jo. The coelficient mats ib given by fi4 t -l ) . Hoo 2 -2 The. determinant of dhe 2 l 2 toa TP a (2-2) "(9 a #3 (24%) = gels 29° Therefore stonk of Re, coef}. mon Ww 3 aus tb which the aystim oh a epuaens Wall hove enky ona Ugque actuken it: Pre dniviad sotubon given by azbe ¢=°: o. Sia 4 Dinsandy, Wependect sek & feo a sosts of R?: ebbietent mobi aFind dhe elgenvolbuas and etgenvertans of ha, mots pe [6-2 2 is 5 2 «| 3 : Ser Chanecteniske svocts off ane gute by Ba chanadensbe aquak on |A- »z| = 0° le. b-) 2 a 2 3a =O a al 3-) és -a)t 2) 7 é-n[(e-F-) + 2[> +2 [e- a(a-a) =o 2 (en [29> or-t] ease ers] + 2[ pb +24) =0 2b» [ nears] tiGrd+ a(ar =o > -y 4 ta, -36A 432 =0Od- Naa + 30-3250 Mpoat idee (us synthabec divssien ) On (d-2) (A or. (r-2) (AB) (472 ox ae 2B. New, cor eiloading Be. aaa on 6 ushow XF () A-2F = ann a bor a - ye a4 ~ ) “i\- [2 a oe © me o [2 3 A giaagye te ® 7 o © 8 3-l= 2 ver ae * givers annitrony , We att aac bak ays Bry tee Ro Wen rus — ahi the.- CK.) *(B): G) (DE Two Minsarty | i depenclant eigen eading. do Azz Or OE (orm) 2 Cor “cigeewec, cowresponaing sao AS be acy Xx: % et (8) We yr ay ttre yee Ap + %y FO ls a= ky fae alee amps R+R= 2k.Th eiqpenvedby + ' / X= (2b, -R> k) or ( 24,1) (Taking in parboslen RD) WM . ; ™/ A O24 : et envalues of o a quase Las ote * tens at ons sama ‘ Tusk by : and ite “ ae uae ae fag sy] tee Sola 2 eee cece eeriCla ty a2 U _ = ann anr 7 ok ot Cdn: morn ? -- &@ ay Oo 7 nl ar 1 at ee avr ' 1 . 1 jo ; -- © &wn ayn aan Woe dove , 2 jau-A oo © 5 Aim | a-a3| las) oad = FM | ee oa eG Amn T. ~ Jaur-r>A Gar 7 oo any [e"-a3] © [aya Qap-> es nd , ' : ' ' Arn Roan --° Gun)as Sivu [ataz = [@-az)"] and 1 alse [A -a2) IE J a-az] , we get [|A-aAtl =o ord | pt-az}ee ore Bam TH ) dhe eigenvalues ef A ond we Jronsbose AT ane tome Ly. Find Hr een and. poroducck of He eigenvelues TB ogame mnt oe -2 -l -3 - I Qo - oa io 2 : -2 4.73 Sum of, eRe eigenvalues = Sum of the eloronts en the maine Aagenol . ; =a |+o+ (-3) = -2-Potoduck of the eigenvalues G = [Al = ,o2 2 \ oO 3 -2 -| 73 Wl I(o43)-2(-3+ 9) -2(-!-2) = a 6+2 = -): Yo oD Th 2 ad 3 ow eigenvalues of - {3 on A 3 a) 4) ) find the 3 5 7 ei genvabues ot Mand Ae Setn: Given A= S le 2 =o ary Gal 3 5 es ie oe pass, sure of He eigenvetues = gum of 4h Aiageneh ebomarts 243+ = 3a+(-3) +7 a[>= 2]77 So, eigenvaluce of A ans 2,/2/3. J. Ae ei ; : eigenvalues of AT ona Bob: 5 ans eigenvalues of A? Onn, aa e, r ie. 8, 8,27. Quy. Ty yf an dhe ekgervatuos *b ye pee dhe, modbying urhete. [: 2] i 4 . | value om L, ¥. eigen a Soln» Leak AF [: a . A nw 4, F 7 phe etgenvalias ef, ‘ be egovelue . hen 2,P om wae te Rape Bs Neco etn eee > 5 [ph ? $38 . -) a hae lo caer > ond R= i 31] : 5 . 4% -Se 5S 13% {°Muss : 1 [Al= 41. . Cae Given Ais aathagensll, we 94 AAT= | jaa el 2 jaa] =] 2 But we knoe laT|= IA): “jal. Let el 2 [alel 2 jAleal- OLB Eigenveckw covsusponding, £0 differsak- Cigprvobues ct a Aypenat monn 2e— oorbhogonch vectnsds Sole les A be @ syrbose makin of ovden ns me A: Lek dry Ae be doo Aifp erat eigenvalues ef A. Then dij Aa Ore sued (by a poucpexty ). othe. entict Ky # Xo FO Auch thet eoAX p= AiXy —@® and: AXs = AaXa -© Poanaligly by AZ, 8 a Xa (AX) = Ka MX KPAX = ACKER) — @ Pramubhblying (29 by Xi , we ge xt (AXs) = Xl AaXa XT Ake = dei) —@O Taking, Jrenshose of @, we yt (xstany™= Oy tea)" D> xatka = dX Xa = MAY, =A; (ke) —© Frm @ ont ©), we ok d(T >) = da (AT Xa) (ida) ( X17 Xa) = © 74.Sine, Ap #Aa, Ay Aa tO Bo: OX Xa 0 = Xt and Ko ana, anthogenall « Quy. Fox. Pare operates. TER? — eR, find ths, eigenvalues and dhe. basis fer eigenshae ? than T(x) 2) = (444%, y+ey dy+ 32) 7 goths. Fyiak use. Wall Wodde motrie fT recesponding tp standard dosis “Teie)= > Cl oD) Tort, o) Cher 2) toe!) = Lh) ' As a i. o 2 3 New, we will fend eyenvaluss ob A. -ysje [ia to! jAa-a>| |: an | ° 2 SA =o + Sotving, we Ue" gk Ax WWa). Corresponding, baAzl, neve Wwe ° bur dinaaty indaberalaccl Gigen chs fy Considaning Brose ab sib veda , 104 form basis of Cuere), (err b A=! - eigenspa et T Corres ponding Goreespending do Ast, we a one Dintanly Independent vectrr X= :] , 2 2 Cun) 4 a basis of etganspa ae for At.DY Diagonaliye JM. madre 7 Az {fF ) : odo fis] ee tee bransterma on cane ogenabin f ostrogpnallly « omy, Cigenvatues of A ane given oy Aotving. [a-rzl =o . = a-p t | - 1 aa cl i eae ee | 7 exert -1 (2-4 1) + | (-1-349=° ee Paya aea-th=e 0-9 ( webrrts) ao OU 21,44 ane Hr. etganv 5 a ond Wwe fend cignede concresponeiny yak ik be (*: + Than 43 (A- aAD% =o ov (pA HAF O$3, oO o © ° epunedeay eye ye DT . AH Xe TAF re AS mye 7 rape cA Dtat *oe Aa = k =| (im porteuler), weg . (1), (Ry (+9) Nes corvesbonding = dhe supeated ae yey, Jb dhe egpnvedan be “Ths; “ = “1 ot ya 4 a eee eel ie AMT, Lonsidarde4 eaten (eles | | roa roa Rot Ri ca \ A ushich oe oe © Bark : o O ens O> equvelenk ad ayslnn of = ape ont eeeree oF Ono indebend equation Wwe wil que ankikrary V lus tb bse vasoblesTaking 43 =° and a= b : me mel: ot x=) 1) Fa XI ( :) = A> (4%). eignvedDY dhot Xq LXa- > a New we wAl\ find [ks Buds bee te(% . Then = Xo = “te. (ab 2 (i) + Lohtch qives ath=o New b=-4@°+ Also, Xs should Saksey th epuakion (55 (* become an comer Cokie ponding. to d=4)- awe ade eatbic =o.Cherause be ee ua Cheating a = 1, be dpene e C= 2: Xe (+) ') (- ; (t = Xs Coe M108) Tel (7 7 a ei, (PC columns oF Bra eigenvector hy Kay Ba" Then oat Vis te P RB ca 45 Ua Me yy 0 “it Wwe 4t- ye | 0 © which (fa. ptaP Yy o |? o 4 Nagorno! wet ° Which Ja having ite diagonal elamonk- as dhe elgervabues off.“The, wwe have eddtout a 7 iagtnoli ¢ dhe motu A agenabization of mata P. d the asthogensl Que Define inna parvo duck and an inner pow duct space: Lee Vibe ® vector. Spor over. O fueld F- Lek a,be F and ue, we V be asibi brary + The. vectan apo V ie called an inner produce Spa ih Prose, erick ao punckien a GTD VeV Fabs fying JL polleusing_ Sok . Crier + we awe Zee o and + bc, ws> * The Burckon Z,> Baksbylry co, WD, pie) ab calla an toners pon on V-Qw. >, whether a ekerminn Ve Rowe a inntn. product a3. Doron. inte product . Aheee = Davee us” Vv. 2 per ae Cour), ve ( yor), VE is Va) we (or otta’) fn Ve RR Sota. We ual chack BRa Aven antics of enrnade preauct * Qs Te check <6? = ave? We haw, Cun 7 = uu? Las (LSS 4s areal vumber’) cw. pak Zuupy =e ees uray =e 2 ie ult uzteo 5 Lowes VE possible 4 UyFoo wae ® ie we fun way? C7 ie. UtO Also, Soiovrly See$3. Bo Te check < aus fv) WP =e HSH? apd we> . New us (od, VF (vy), WE (08, 42). LHS= Cuus Py 7 = acanene B(tnra), (49 #97 © eons, sane P), (0D = (ae Pvy” wy + (t+ Pva) “us. P cs on Boye + (axi u)Y1) us} ~~ ws, ea, = 2u + (arate POE jest QuPusvo == q@Q New RAS oh oben Litt 3 LLB wD + F LoD Ze (aveada onan eh rors of (u ps ususs” )+ Plvrwe res”) oun. dhe derms of a erbswsom QO 2G, clearly pind thot dhe hue expreiers one snct equal. © Ayo (te) net sakstyied - e TR, Be givin hae js met Onn Innwe prroduck Ser ena I nn neFo - a. Gand dha, osu of th vedi: us (2-34) 7 and normalise dhe vedbso Sev Lat we (2,-3/8)° . 2 =~ ake (-3)74 6 Then, \Jull 2 cuup = a+ a uae —_= wll = (04 27 TR. corresponding. crated vector we Lb. s an (FP) sent Pre vector a Cn2ee) er 2 (3, leet) e Cc’, Hun dhe now ( Dang) et each veclor vechor. vel Ieey-) I+ c) both YI ard U2‘ usvich 1s bsthogercl ub a ae Ud theus +h hak the ‘w prthogenat 4 (ib obtam & veces. be both Ut and Us:_. . d- Solr 1) Th. mown of Vedas ug db given. by : a : ett = deer uep = pay a (2G) +t Ce) ~ tb ltusl| = (Ztiws = Jory Lover) + Lull) See Jiu We [2us.4a7 = [ED eNO) HD =/7 - wpe aarllee: [ee 8 we (artes), The, verbo os ‘orthogonal. de uy ord us th jerk) bit ia a > ia a je-