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Siwes Programming

The document outlines a report on computer hardware and engineering, detailing the history of computer engineering, which began in 1939 with the development of the Atanasoff-Berry computer. It covers various topics such as computer programming, hardware, motherboards, and hardware description languages (HDLs), emphasizing the integration of electrical engineering and computer science. Additionally, it discusses the evolution of computer components and the significance of HDLs in designing complex electronic circuits.

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14 views7 pages

Siwes Programming

The document outlines a report on computer hardware and engineering, detailing the history of computer engineering, which began in 1939 with the development of the Atanasoff-Berry computer. It covers various topics such as computer programming, hardware, motherboards, and hardware description languages (HDLs), emphasizing the integration of electrical engineering and computer science. Additionally, it discusses the evolution of computer components and the significance of HDLs in designing complex electronic circuits.

Uploaded by

oluwafemijoel31
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Siwes report

computer hardwere

DELL | [Course Title] | [Date]


Table of content
First week _______________________________________computer programming

Second week ____________________________________hardware

Third week ______________________________________motherboard

Fourth week _____________________________________difference engine

Fifth week_______________________________________hardware engineering

Sixty week ______________________________________computer networking

Seventy week __________________________________mobile computer

Eithe week _______________________________________computer installation

Ninety week _______________________________________coding

Tenth week _______________________________________ practical

Eleventh week ______________________________________ CPU board

Twenty week _________________________________________

PAGE 1
History

Computer engineering began in 1939 when John Vincent


Atanasoff and Clifford Berry began developing the world's first
electronic digital computer through physics, mathematics, and electrical
engineering. John Vincent Atanasoff was once a physics and mathematics
teacher for Iowa State University and Clifford Berry a former graduate under
electrical engineering and physics. Together, they created the Atanasoff-
Berry computer, also known as the ABC which took five years to complete.
[7]
While the original ABC was dismantled and discarded in the 1940s, a
tribute was made to the late inventors; a replica of the ABC was made in
1997, where it took a team of researchers and engineers four years and
$350,000 to build

Computer engineering

PAGE 2
Computer engineering (CoE or CpE) : is a branch of electrical
engineering that integrates several fields of electrical
engineering, electronics engineering and computer science required to
develop computer hardware and software.[1] Computer engineering is
referred to as Electrical and Computer engineering OR Computer Science
and Engineering at some universities

Computer engineers require training in electrical engineering, electronic


engineering, physics, computer science, hardware-software
integration, software design, and software engineering. It uses the techniques
and principles of electrical engineering and computer science, and can
encompass areas such as electromagnetism, artificial intelligence
(AI), robotics, computer networks, computer architecture and operating
systems. Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software
aspects of computing, from the design of
individual microcontrollers, microprocessors, personal computers,
and supercomputers, to circuit design. This field of engineering not only
focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also on how to
integrate them into the larger picture.[2] Robotics are one of the applications
of computer engineering.

Computer engineering usually deals with areas including writing


software and firmware for embedded microcontrollers,
designing VLSI chips, analog sensors, mixed signal circuit
boards, Thermodynamics and Control systems. Computer engineers are also
suited for robotics research, which relies heavily on using digital systems to
control and monitor electrical systems like motors, communications,
and sensors.

In many institutions of higher learning, computer engineering students are


allowed to choose areas of in-depth study in their junior and senior years
because the full breadth of knowledge used in the design and application of
computers is beyond the scope of an undergraduate degree. Other
institutions may require engineering students to complete one or two years
of general engineering before declaring computer engineering as their
primary focus

The most popular computers of the 1980s such as the Apple II and IBM
PC had published schematic diagrams and other documentation which
permitted rapid reverse engineering and third-party replacement

PAGE 3
motherboards. Usually intended for building new computers compatible
with the exemplars, many motherboards offered additional performance or
other features and were used to upgrade the manufacturer's original
equipment.

During the late 1980s and early 1990s, it became economical to move an
increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard. In the late
1980s, personal computer motherboards began to include single ICs (also
called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed
peripherals: PS/2 keyboard and mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports,
and parallel ports. By the late 1990s, many personal computer motherboards
included consumer-grade embedded audio, video, storage, and networking
functions without the need for any expansion cards at all; higher-end
systems for 3D gaming and computer graphics typically retained only the
graphics card as a separate component. Business PCs, workstations, and
servers were more likely to need expansion cards, either for more robust
functions, or for higher speeds; those systems often had fewer embedded
components.

Laptop and notebook computers that were developed in the 1990s integrated
the most common peripherals. This even included motherboards with no
upgradeable components, a trend that would continue as smaller systems
were introduced after the turn of the century (like the tablet computer and
the netbook). Memory, processors, network controllers, power source, and
storage would be integrated into some systems.

Hardware
In computer engineering, a hardware description language (HDL) is a
specialized computer language used to describe the structure and behavior
of electronic circuits, usually to design application-specific integrated
circuits (ASICs) and to program field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).

A hardware description language enables a precise, formal description of an


electronic circuit that allows for the automated analysis and simulation of

PAGE 4
the circuit. It also allows for the synthesis of an HDL description into
a netlist (a specification of physical electronic components and how they are
connected together), which can then be placed and routed to produce the set
of masks used to create an integrated circuit.

A hardware description language looks much like a programming


language such as C or ALGOL; it is a textual description consisting of
expressions, statements and control structures. One important difference
between most programming languages and HDLs is that HDLs explicitly
include the notion of time.

HDLs form an integral part of electronic design automation (EDA) systems,


especially for complex circuits, such as application-specific integrated
circuits, microprocessors, and programmable logic devices. And it include
motivation, structure of HDL, and comparison with control flow language.

Motivation
Due to the exploding complexity of digital electronic circuits since the
1970s (see Moore's law), circuit designers needed digital logic descriptions
to be performed at a high level without being tied to a specific electronic
technology, such as ECL, TTL or CMOS. HDLs were created to
implement register-transfer level abstraction, a model of the data flow and
timing of a circuit.[1]

There are two major hardware description languages: VHDL and Verilog.
There are different types of description in them: "dataflow, behavioral and
structural". Example of dataflow of VHDL:

PAGE 5
LIBRARY IEEE;
USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;

ENTITY not1 IS
PORT(
a : IN STD_LOGIC;
b : OUT STD_LOGIC
);
END not1;

ARCHITECTURE behavioral OF not1 IS


BEGIN
b <= NOT a;
END behavioral;

PAGE 6

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