BIOLOGY

BOOKS - PRADEEP BIOLOGY

(HINGLISH)

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

Curiosity Questions

1. NEED OF CLASSIFICATION

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2. Which organisms are the oldest among the

biological world ?

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3. What organisms are considered as the

major producers of the biosphere ?

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 4. Why diatoms float on the surface of water

even when they do not possess flagella?

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5. Why fungi grow in the humus-rich substrata

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Notable Questions
1. Why only prokaryotes have ability to fix

atmospheric nitrogen? Why this ability is not

found in eukaryotes ?

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2. Why amoebic dysentery results in the

repeated motions with mucus and blood ?

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3. Why do mosquito bites itch?

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4. Can we cultivate edible mushrooms at

home?

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5. Why most of the antibiotics are ineffective

against viral diseases ?

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Ncert Exercise With Answers

1. Discuss how classification systems have

undergone several changes over a period of

time?

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2. State two economically important uses of:

(a) Heterotrophic bacteria

(b) Archaebacteria

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3. What is the nature of cell-walls in diatoms?

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4. Find out what do the terms ‘algal bloom’

and ‘red-tides’ signify

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5. How are viroids different from viruses ?

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6. Describe briefly the four major groups of

Protozoa.
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7. Plants are autotrophic. Can you think of

some plants that are partially heterotrophic?

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8. What do the terms phycobiont and

mycobiont signify?

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9. Give a comparative account of the classes of

Kingdom Fungi under the following:

(i) Mode of nutrition

(ii) Mode of reproduction

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10. What are the characteristic features of

Euglenoids?

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11. Give a brief account of viruses with respect

to their structure and nature of genetic

material. Also name four common viral

diseases.

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12. Organise a discussion in your class on the

topic- Are viruses living or non-living?

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Additional Questions Very Short Answer
Questions

1. Define systematics.

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2. Name the two components of lichen.

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3. Name the two kingdoms of the Living World

proposed by Linnaeus.

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4. Who proposed 5-kingdom classification ?

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5. Give names of the 5 kingdoms proposed by

Whittaker.
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6. What are protists ?

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7. Mention the main reserve food of animals

and plants.

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8. In which kingdom are the viruses placed ?

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9. What are prokaryotes ?

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10. What are eukaryotes ?

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11. To which kingdom do liverworts and mosses

belong ?

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12. On what basis the fungi were earlier

included in the plant kingdom ?

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13. What is mixotrophic nutrition ? Cite one

example.

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14. Name the kingdoms in which the cells have

cell wall around them.

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15. What is the chemical substance present in

bacteria cell wall ?

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16. Name the protein present in the flagella of

bacteria.

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17. Name the three kinds of genetic

recombinations that occur in bacteria.

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18. Name the bacteria responsible for

symbiotic nitrogen fixation in leguminous

plants.

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19. Name the group of bacteria commonly

called ray fungi.

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20. Expand PPLO. What is its other name ?

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21. Name the three major groups of protists.

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22. which substnaces forms cell wall in fungi?

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23. Which type of food reserve in formed in

fungi?

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24. Which group of fungi is called algal fungi?

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25. Name the group of fungi which is

commonly called the sac fungi.

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26. Which group of fungi is commonly called

the club fungi?

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27. Give the botanical name of an edible

mushroom.

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28. Name a composite organism having an

alga and a fungus.

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29. Why are some fungi grouped under "fungi

imperfecti"?

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30. What type of genetic material is present in

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ?

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31. Expand TMV.

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32. What is the causal agent of AIDS (or

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ?

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33. Who coined the term 'Virus'?

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 34. Write one important character of viruses.

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35. Name the RNA particle causing symptoms

like that of a virus.

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Additional Questions Short Answer Questions

1. Which organism was earlier placed in plant

as well as animal kingdoms and why ?

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2. How does a nucleoid differ from a nucleus ?

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3. What are bacteriophages ?

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4. How do the plants and animals differ in

growth ?

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5. Mention 3 traits in which Fungi resemble

Animalia.

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6. Name the important groups of organisms

included in prokaryotes.

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7. What do yoy mean by naked DNA.

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8. Give suitable examples of the following:

(a) A free-living nitrogen fixing bacteria.

(b) A non-toxic growing cyanobacteria used to

obtained single cell protein

(c) A cyanobacteria used in the reclamation of

"Usar' land (sterile alkaline soil)

(d) A microorganism causes little leaf disease

of brinjal.

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9. What are the most usual habitats of fungi ?

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10. How will you differentiate an ascus from a

basidium.

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11. What are the physiological relationships

between the algal and fungal components of

lichen.

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12. Give the names of three morphological

types of lichens.

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13. Define viruses.

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14. What are viroids?

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15. What are prions?

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16. Write short notes on capsomere.

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17. Write short notes on the following-

(a) Mixotrophic nutrition

(b) Nuclear dimorphism.

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18. What do you understand by holophytic and

holozoic modes of nutrition ?

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19. Give scientific reasons for the following

statements :

(i) The mushrooms are not regarded plants

now.

(ii) Perfect phylogenetic classification is

diffcult to achieve.

(iii) Viruses are not included in any system of

classification.

(iv) Practical classification results in

heterogenous groups of unrelated organisms.

(v) Artificial classification gives little

information about the groups.

(vi) Phylogenetic classification is the most

favoured classification.

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20. Fill in the blanks :

(i) The scientific ordering of organisms in a

hierarchial series of groups on the basis of

their morphological, evolutionary and other

relationships is called............... classification.

(ii) The system of classifying the animals and

plants from the point of view of their utility

(value) to man is called...... .... classification.

(iii) ............ classification is based on one or a

few superficial resemblances rather than on

natural or evolutionary relationships. It was

introduced by ................ .
(iv) ............ classification reflects the

evolutionary relationships of organisms.

(v) Present scientific method of naming of

organisms is called ............... It was introduced

by ................. .

( vi) ............. is the branch of science that deals

with the framing of laws and principles of

classifying the organisms on the basis of their

evolutionary relationships.

( vii) A natural ................... refers to a group of

similar, genetically related organisms having

certain characters distinct from those of other

groups.
(viii) The various grouping levels or ranks in

classification are known as ............... .

(ix) The term ................. refers to a set of

alternate characters in such a manner that

helps in the identification of plants and

animals by selecting and eliminating the

characters according to their presence or

absence in the organism under study.

(x) A. .............. : at present is a place where plants

frQm various groups are grown fur scientific

study, conservation, public education,

aesthetics and recreation.

(xi) A .......... .is a collection of pressed, dried and

preserved plants mounted on ............ , properly

labelled, systematically arranged and available

for reference or study

(xii) Various tools for collection and

preservation of plants include cutters, digger,

............. , plant press and............ .

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21. In the five kingdom system of Whittaker,

how many kingdoms are eukaryotes ?

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22. Are chemosynthetic bacteria autotrophic

or heterotrophic ?

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23. The common name of pea is simpler than

its botanical (scientific) name Pisum sativum

why then is the simpler common name not

used instead of the complex

scientific/botanical name is biology ?

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24. How is the five kingdom classification

advantageous over the two kingdom

classification ?

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25. A virus is considered as a living organism

and an obligate parasite when inside a host

cell. But virus is not classified along with

bacteria or fungi. What are the characters of

virus that are similar to non-living objects ?

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26. What is the principle underlying the use of

cyanobacteria in agricultural fields for crop

improvement ?

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27. Suppose you accidentally find an old

preserved permanent slide without a label. In

your effort to identify it, you place the slide

under microscope and observe the following

features :

(a) Unicellular

(ii) Well defined nucleus

(c) Biflagellate-one flagellum lying

longitudinally and the other transversely.

What would you identify it as ? Can you name

the kingdom it belongs to ?

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Short Answer Type Questions

1. Write the distinct characters of Fungi.

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2. How Ascomycetes are different from

Basidiomycetes ?

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3. Draw well labelled diagram of (a) Bacteria

cell (b) Euglena.

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4. Write salient features of viruses.

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5. Compare the different types of fruiting

bodies in fungi.
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6. NEED OF CLASSIFICATION

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7. Describe the morphology and chemical

nature of Bacteriophages.

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8. Describe the cell structure pf a typical

protist.

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9. What are the major modes of locomotion

found in protists?

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10. Match the items given in column I with

those of column II.

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11. True or False type questions :

(i) Two-kingdom classification is the oldest and

was proposed by Robert H. Whittaker in 1969.

(ii) Euglena is a unicellular organism which has

both animal and plant features.

(iii) Bacteria and fungi are called decomposers

or reducers.

(iv) Liverworts and masses belong to the

kingdom plantae.

(v) Genetic material in eukaryotes is circular,

double-stranded, helical DNA, not enclosed by

a nuclear envelope.

(vi) Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are the

photosynthetic monerans.

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12. Make corrections wherever you find mistake

in spellings/words in the following

paragraph/sentences.

(A) Protozoans are generally multinucleate,

but all ciliates and many amoeboid types are

uninucleate.

(B) Contractile vacuoles are found in almost all

terrestrial protozoans for maitenance of

carbon concentration of cell body, the

phenomenon is known as osmoregulation.

Contractile vacuole also helps in reproduction.

(C) The protozoan cell body is either naked or

surrounded by a rigid pellicle. Cellulose is

present in pellicle. Some protozoans secrete

shells of various organic compounds as

external covers.

(D) Ascomycetes are coenocytic as well as

multicellular fungi. In the later, mycelium is

asceptate. The asexual spores are formed in

chains are called zoospores. The spores are

formed endogenously, i.e., inside sporangium.

(E) Sexual reproduction in Rhizopus is

oogamous and the mode of sexual fusion is

gametangial contact type.

(F) A lichen is structurally organised entity

consisting of the permanent association of a

fungus and an alga. The fungal component of

a lichen is called phycobiont and the algal

component is called mycobiont. Both

mycobiont and phycobiont are associated in

parasitic union in which the fungus is more

predominant and alga is subordinate partner.

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13. Match the following :

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14. (A) What are protozoans ? Give two

examples each of free-living and parasitic

forms.

(B) What are slime-moulds ? How are they

different from true fungi ? Give one example

each of the cellular and ascellular slime and

moulds.

(C) Differentiate between ascus and basidium.

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15. (A) What is the name of fully formed virus

particle ?

(B) What is the chemical nature of capsid ?

(C) Name the virus which causes AIDS in

human beings.

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16. Fungi are cosmopolitan, write the role of

fungi in your daily life.

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17. What observable features in Trypanosoma

would make you classify it under kingdom

protista?

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18. Diatoms are also called as 'pearls of ocean'

why ? What is diatomaceous earth ?

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19. Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria

have been clubbed together in eubacteria of

kingdom-Monera as per the 'five kingdom

classificatin' even though the two are vastly

different from each other. Is this grouping of

the two types of taxa in the same kingdom

justified ? If so, why ? Discuss the cellular

composition of cyanobacteria and

heterotrophic bacteria that make them

introduced in eubacteria.

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Long Answer Questions

1. Compare the Salient Features of Monera and

Protista.

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2. Differentiate briefly the characteristics of

Kingdom-Plantae and Animalia.

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3. Draw well labelled diagrams of (1)

Bacteriophage (2) Nostoc (3) TMV.

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4. Highlight the criteria used for the five

kingdom system of classification.

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5. Describe the important characters of

kingdom plantae.
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6. Explain the distinguishing features of

Animalia.

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7. Make an outline of the 5-kingdom

classification.

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8. What is the criterion for classification of

organisms as belonging to kingdom Monera

or Protista?

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9. Discuss the various modes of sexual

reproduction in fungi.

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10. With the help of well labelled diagrams

describe the structure of a typically bacterial

cell.

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11. Very briefly explain the following :

(i) Herbarium (ii) Nucleod (iii) Hyphae (iv)

Arrtificial classification (v) Phylogenetic

classification (vi) Systematics (vii) Biological

classification.
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12. Structure of a typical bacterial cell is shown

in the diagram. Label 1 to 8 and also write the

function of parts 6 and 7.

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13. Identify the following organism/structure

(A, B, C, D, E) and parts (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i)

associated with them.

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14. Biological classification is a dynamic and

ever evolving phenomenon which keeps

changing with our understanding of life forms.

Justify, the statement taking any two examples

Discuss the changes made in studying

 biological classification from time to time and

also enumerate the need for this changes.

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Analytical Questions With Answers

1. (a) Why are viruses regarded as biological

systems as well as non-living particles? Give

one reason each.

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2. Why are lichens said to be pioneer plants ?

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3. Give reasons why fungi should not be

included in Plant Kingdom.

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4. Write down differences between Monera

and Protista on the basis of following points :

(i) Nature of cell wall component. (ii) Genetic

material.

(iii) Location of respiratory apparatus. (iv)

Types of cytoplasmic ribosome.

(v) Location of extra chromosomal DNA.

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5. What are conidia ? How are they different

from sporangiospores ?

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6. Fungal hypahe are soft and delicate

structures. Still they are able to penetrate the

timbers. How ?

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7. What is 'diatomaceous earth' or diatomic ?

How is it important to man ?

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8. (a) Why are many zooflagellates important

to human beings ? List any two such

zooflagellates which cause disease in human

beings. Name the disease as well.

(b) Which zooflagellate inhabits the intestine

of termites as a symbiont? What role does this

organism play in the termite intestine ?

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9. In the five kingdom system of classification,

which kingdom includes blue-green algae,

nitrogen-fixing bacteria and methanogenic

archaebacteria ? What is the criteria of

including these diverse organisms in single

kingdom ?

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10. Study the following figure and identify the

infections agent and the disease and give one

characteristic of infectious agent.

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11. (a) Name an organism that is made up two

components which live together in symbiotic

association. Also name the two components.

(b) Give the function of each component.

(c) What is their ecological significance ?

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12. Distinguish between

(a) Plant viruses and animal viruses on the

basis of genetic material.

(b) Plant viruses and bacteriophages on the

basis of genetic material

(c) Plant viruses and animal viruses on the

basis of the symptoms of diseases caused by

them.

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13. (a) Name the organism which lives in

pollution free environment.

(B) Name any two acellular infective agents

which are not included in five kingdoms of

Whittaker.

(c) Name a sexually transmitted disease

caused by animal virus in Human being.

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14. What are ascocarps ? Where are these

produced ? In what respect the ascocarps

differ from basidiocarps ?

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15. Give one example each of Amoeboid

protozoans, Ciliated protozoans and

sporozoans. Which one of them causes

malaria in human beings ?

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16. Earlier bacteria, blue green algae, fungi,

algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms and the

angiosperms were grouped together in one

kingdom - 'Plantae'. Give one character on the

basis of which all these diverse groups were

unified.

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17. Complete the following table by giving

options of A, B, C and D
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18. One basic difference between bacteria and

archaebacteria has led the latter to survive

under extreme conditions. What is that

difference ?

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 19. Give one reason in support of calling

deuteromycetes as imperfect fungi.

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20. Why do mosquito bites itch?

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Practice Questions I Multiple Choice Questions

1. Yeast is not included in protozoans but in

fungi because

A. It has not chlorophyll

B. Some fungal hyphae grow in such a way

that they give the appearance of

pseudomycelium

C. It has eukaryotic organisation

D. Cell wall is made up of cellulose and

reserve food material as starch

Answer: D

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2. The thalloid body of a slime mould

(Myxomycetes) is known as

A. Mycelium

B. Protonema

C. Plasmodium

D. Fruiting body
Answer: C

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3. What is common about Trypanosoma,

Noctiluca Monocystis and Giardia

A. These are all parasites

B. These are all uncellular protists

C. They have flagella

D. They produce spores

Answer: B

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4. Myxomycetes are

A. Saprobes or parasites, having mycelia,

asexual reproduction by fragmentation,

sexual reproduction by fusion of

gametes.
B. Slimy mass of multinucleate protoplasm,

having pseudopodia-like structures for

engulfing food, reproduction through

fragmentation or zoospores.

C. Prokaryotic organisms, cellular or

acellular, saprobes or autotrophic,

reproduce by binary fission.

D. Eukaryotic, single-celled or filamentous,

sprobes or autotrophic, asexual

 reproduction by fusion of two cells or

their nuclei.

Answer: B

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5. Among rust, smut and mushroom, all the

three

A. are pathogens

B. are saprobes
 C. bear ascocarps

D. base basidiocarps

Answer: A

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6. In prokaryotes , chromatophores are

A. Specialized granules responsible for

colouration of cells
 B. Structures responsible for organizing

the shape of organism

C. Inclusion bodies lying free inside the

cells for carrying out various metabolic

activities.

D. Internal membrane systems that may

become extensive and complex in

photosynthetic bacteria

Answer: D

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7. Identify from the following examples, a

fungus which is of medicinal importance

A. Agaricus

B. Saccharomyces

C. Penicillium

D. Cercospora

Answer: C

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8. Clamp connection is found in

A. Basidiomycetes

B. Zygomycetes

C. Ascomycetes

D. Oomycetes

Answer: A

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9. In Amoeba , contractile vacuole is present

A. Near the trailing end

B. Near the advancing end

C. At the middle of the body

D. Anywhere inside the body

Answer: A

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10. Which pair of the following belongs to

basidiomycetes

A. Puff balls and Claviceps

B. Peziza and Stink horns

C. Morchella and mushrooms

D. Birds nest fungi and puff balls

Answer: D

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11. Which one of the following statements

about mycoplasma is wrong

A. They are pleomorphic

B. They are sensitive to penicillin

C. They cause disease in plants

D. They are also called PPLO

Answer: B

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12. The Cell Wall of bacterium is made up of

A. Cellulose

B. Hemicellulose

C. Lignin

D. Peptidoglycan

Answer: D

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13. Which is correct :

A. Slime moulds are haploid

B. Protozoan lack cell wall

C. Dinoflagellates are immotile

D. Pellicle is absent in Euglena

Answer: B

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14. Which of the following is a prokaryote?

A. Amoeba

B. Spirogyra

C. Bacteria

D. Chlamydomonas

Answer: C

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15. Which one is absent in viruses

A. Replication

B. Protein synthesis

C. Energy liberation

D. Mutation

Answer: C

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16. Red tide is caused by

A. Noctiluca

B. Gymnodinium

C. Gonyaulax

D. All of these

Answer: D

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17. Which of the following statement is true

about fungi imperfecti

A. They do not have sexual phase

B. They include species that prey only on

nematodes

C. They include toadstools, pufballs and

stink horns

D. They include Aspergillus, the fungus

used to make soya sance.

Answer: A

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18. Match the following and choose the correct

combination from the option given

A. (a) - (i), (b) - (iii), (c) - (ii), (d) - (iv)

 B. (a) - (i), (b) - (iv), (c) - (iii), (d) - (ii)

C. (a) - (iv), (b) - (ii), (c) - (iii), (d) - (i)

D. (a) - (iii), (b) - (iv), (c) - (i), (d) - (ii)

Answer: D

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19. Thermococcus, Methanococcus and

Methanobacterium exemplify:
A. Bacteria whose DNA is relaxed or

positively supercoiled but which have a

cytoskeleton as well as mitochondria

B. Bacteria that contain a cytoskeleton and

ribosomes.

C. Archebacteria that contain protein

homologous to eukaryotic core histones

D. Archaebacteria that lack any histones

resembling those found in eukaryotic

but whose DNA is negatively supercoiled.

Answer: C

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20. In the light of recent classification of living

organisms into three domains of life (bacteria,

archea and eukarya), which one of the

following statements is true about archaea

A. Archaea completely from both

prokaryotes and eukaryotes

 B. Archaea completely differ from

prokaryotes

C. Archaea resemble eukarya in all respects

D. Archaea have some novel features that

are absent in other prokaryotes and

eukaryotes.

Answer: D

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21. Callulose is the major component of cell

wall of

A. Pseudomonas

B. Saccharomyces

C. Pythium

D. Xanthomonas

Answer: C

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22. Which of the following statements is false

A. TMV has a double stranded RNA

molecule

B. Most plant viruses are RNA viruses

C. The bacteriophage has a double

stranded DNA molecule

D. Most animals viruses are DNA viruses.

Answer: A

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23. A phylum common to unicellular animals

and plants is

A. Monera

B. Plantae

C. Fungi

D. Protista

Answer: D

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24. Which of the following combinations of

characters is true for slime moulds?

A. Parasite, plasmodium without walls,

spores dispersed by air current

B. Saprophytic, plasmodium without walls,

spores dispersed by water

C. Parasitic, plasmodium without walls,

spores dispersed by water

 D. Saprophytic, plasmodium without walls,

spores dispersed by air currents

Answer: D

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25. Which one of the following are intracellular

obligate parasites

A. Bacteria

B. Viruses
 C. Slime moulds

D. Blue-green algae

Answer: B

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26. Prokaryotes cells are characterised by

A. The presence of distinct nuclear

membrane

B. Absence of chromatin material

 C. The presence of distinct chromosome

D. Absence of nuclear membrane

Answer: D

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27. Main component of the cell wall of fungi is

A. Cellulose

B. Pectin

C. Chitin
 D. Dextrin

Answer: C

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28. Oxygenic photosynthesis occurs in

A. Oscillatoria

B. Rhodospirillum

C. Chlorobium

D. Chromatium
Answer: A

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29. All eukaryotic unicellular organisms belong

to

A. Monera

B. Protista

C. Fungi

D. Bacteria
Answer: B

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30. The five kingdom classification was

proposed by

A. R. H. Whittaker

B. C. Linnaeus

C. A. Roxberg

D. Virchow
Answer: A

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31. Organisms living in salty areas are called as

A. Methanogens

B. Halophiles

C. Heliophytes

D. Thermoacidophiles

Answer: B
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32. Naked cytoplasm, multinucleated and

saprophytic are the characteristics of

A. Monera

B. Protista

C. Fungi

D. Slime moulds

Answer: D
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33. An association between roots of higher

plants and fungi called

A. Lichen

B. Fern

C. Mycorrhiza

D. BGA

Answer: C

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34. A dikaryon is formed when

A. Meiosis is arrested

B. The two haploid cells do not fuse

immediately

C. Cytoplasm does not fuse

D. None of the above

Answer: B

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35. Contagium vivum fluidum was proposed by

A. D.J. Ivanowsky

B. M.W. Beijerinek

C. Stanley

D. Robert Hook

Answer: B

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36. Mycobiont and Phycobiont are found in

A. Mycorrhiza

B. Root

C. Lichens

D. BGA

Answer: C

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37. Difference between virus and viroid is

A. Absence of protein coat in viroid but

present in virus

B. Presence of low molecular weight RNA in

virus but absent in viroid

C. Both a and b

D. None of the above

Answer: A

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38. With respect to fungal sexual cycle, choose

the correct sequence of events

A. Karyogamy, Plasmogamy and Meiosis

B. Meiosis, Plasmogamy and karyogamy

C. Plasmogamy, Karyogamy and Meiosis

D. Meiosis, Karyogamy and Plasmogamy

Answer: C

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39. Viruses are non-cellular organisms but

replicate themselves once they infect the host

cell. To which of the following kingdom do

viruses belong to ?

A. Monera

B. Protista

C. Fungi

D. None of these

Answer: D

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40. Members of phycomycetes are found in

(i). Aquatic habitats

(ii). On decaying wood

(iii). Moist and damp places

(iv). As obligate parasites on plants

Choose from the following options

A. None of the above

B. (i) and (iv)

C. (ii) and (iii)

 D. All of above

Answer: D

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41. Virus envelope is known as

A. Core

B. Capsid

C. Virion

D. Nucleoprotein
Answer: B

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42. Single-celled eukaryotes are included in

Kingdom

A. Monera

B. Protista

C. Fungi

D. Archaea
Answer: B

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43. Membrane bound organelles are absent in

A. Plasmodium

B. Saccharomyces

C. Streptococcus

D. Chlamydomonas

Answer: C
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44. Ringworm in humans is caused by:

A. Viruses

B. Bacteria

C. Fungi

D. Nematodes

Answer: C

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45. Lichens are described as indicators of

A. air polllution

B. water pollution

C. soil pollution

D. agricultural productivity

Answer: A

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46. Tuberculosis is caused by

A. Mycobacterium sp.

B. Aspergillus sp.

C. Clostridium sp.

D. Vibrio sp.

Answer: A

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47. Cell theory is not applicable for

A. bacteria

B. fungus

C. algae

D. viruses

Answer: D

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48. Nuclear membrane is absent in

A. monera

B. protista

C. fungi

D. plantae

Answer: A

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49. Heterotrophic fungi can live as

A. Saprophytes

B. Symbionts

C. Parasites

D. All of these

Answer: D

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50. One of these is not a characteristic feature

of cyanobacteria

A. they are multicellular

B. they form colonies

C. they form blooms in polluted waters

D. they can fix atmospheric nitrogen

Answer: A

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51. Sexual reproduction is absent in

A. ascomycetes

B. deuteromycetes

C. basidiomycetes

D. phycomycetes

Answer: B

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52. Typhoid fever is caused by

 A. Streptococcus

B. Staphylococcus

C. Salmonella

D. Mycobacterium

Answer: C

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53. Which of the following statements is

correct
 A. all bacteria are heterotrophic

B. bacteria are either heterotrophic or

chemoautotrophic

C. bacteria can also be photoautotrophic

D. bacteria are either chemoautotrophic or

photoautotrophic

Answer: C

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54. HIV is a number of a group of viruses called

A. bacteriophages

B. geminiviruses

C. lysogenic viruses

D. retroviruses

Answer: D

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55. Polio' is caused by

A. bacteriophage

B. virus with a single stranded RNA

C. virus with a singke stranded DNA

D. virus with a double stranded DNA

Answer: D

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56. Which one of the following organisms is

not an example of eukaryotic cells

A. Paramecium caudatum

B. Escherichia coli

C. Euglena viridis

D. Amoeba proteus

Answer: B

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57. The shape of the cocci bacteria is

A. rod shaped

B. spherical

C. comma shaped

D. spiral

Answer: B

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58. The beautiful diatoms are placed under

 A. chrysophytes

B. dinoflagellates

C. euglenoids

D. slime moulds

Answer: A

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59. Which is the only phylum in the animal

kingdom without any nerve cell ?

 A. Porifera

B. Coelenterata

C. Annelida

D. Nematoda

Answer: A

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60. Maximum nutritional diversity is found in

group
 A. Fungi

B. Animalia

C. Monera

D. Plantae

Answer: C

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61. Nuclear membrane is absent in

A. Penicillium
 B. Agaricus

C. Volvox

D. Nostoc

Answer: D

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62. The cyanobacteria are also referred to as:-

A. proists

B. golden algae
 C. Slime moulds

D. blue-green algae

Answer: D

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63. Which statement is wrong for viruses

A. All are parasites

B. All of them have helical symmetry

 C. They have ability to synthesize nucleic

acids

D. Antibiotics have no effect on them

Answer: B

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64. In the five - kingdom classification

Chlamydomonas and Chlorella have been

included in
 A. protista

B. algae

C. plantae

D. monera

Answer: A

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65. How many organism in the list given below

are autotrophs Lactobacillus, Nostoc, Chara,

Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Streptomuces,

Sacharomyces, Trypanosoma, Porphyra Wolfia

A. Four

B. Five

C. Six

D. Three

Answer: C

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66. Read the following five statements (A-E)

and answer as asked next to them

(A) In Equisetum the female gametophyte is

retained on the parent sporphyte

(A) In Equisetum the female gametophyte is

retained on the parent sporophyte

(B) In ginkgo male gametophyte is not

independent

(C) Sexual reproduction in Volvox is isogamous

(E) The spores of slime moulds lack cell walls

How many of the above statements are correct

 A. Two

B. Three

C. Four

D. One

Answer: D

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67. Consider the following four statement (1-4)

and select the option which includes all the

correct ones only

(1) Single cell Spirulina can produce large

quantities of food rich in protein, minerals,

vitamins etc

(2) Body weight-wise the microorganism

Methylophilus methylotrophus may be able to

produce several times more proteins then the

cows pe day

(3) Common button mushrooms are a very rich

source of vitamin C

(4) A rich variety has been developed which is

very rich in calcium

A. Statement (C) and (D)

 B. Statement (A), (C) and (D)

C. Statement (B), (C) and (D)

D. Statements (A) and (B)

Answer: D

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68. Which of the following represent maximum

number of species among global biodiversity

A. Lichens
 B. Fungi

C. Mosses and Ferns

D. Algae

Answer: B

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69. Which of the following are likely to be

present in deep sea water?

A. Eubacteria
 B. Blue-green algae

C. Saprophytic fungi

D. Archaebacteria

Answer: D

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70. five kingdom system of classification

suggested by R.H whittaker is not based on

 A. Presence or absence of well defined

nucleus

B. Mode of reproduction

C. Mode of nutrition

D. Complexity of body organization

Answer: A

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71. Which of the following fungi contains

hallucinogens

A. Morchella esculenta

B. Amanita muscaria

C. Neurospora sp

D. Ustilago sp

Answer: B

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72. Archaebacteria differ from eubacteria in

A. Cell membrane structure

B. Mode of nutrition

C. Cell shape

D. Mode of reproduction

Answer: A

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73. The motile bacteria move by

 A. fimbriae

B. flagella

C. cilia

D. pili

Answer: B

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74. Which of the following is a 'cyanophage' ?

A. S-13
 B. ϕ × 174

C. SV - 40

D. LPP - 1

Answer: D

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75. Which one of the following fungus shows

heterothallism

A. Rhizopus
 B. Bacterium

C. Cycas

D. Ricinus

Answer: A

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76. Match items in Column I with those in

Column II.
 A B C D E
A.
3 1 4 5 2

A B C D E
B.
2 3 4 1 5

A B C D E
C.
4 2 1 5 3

A B C D E
D.
2 4 3 5 1

Answer: A

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77. Choose the wrong statement :

A. Yeast is unicellular and useful in

fermentation

B. Penicillium is multicellular and produces

antibotics

C. Neurospora is used in the study of

biochemical genetics
 D. Morels and truffles are poisonous

mushrooms

Answer: D

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78. In which group of organisms the cell walls

form two thin overlapping shells which fit

together

A. Slime moulds
 B. Chrysophytes

C. Euglenoids

D. Dinoflagellates

Answer: B

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79. The structure that help some bacteria to

attach to rocks and host tissues are

A. Holdfast
 B. Rhizoids

C. Fimbraie

D. Mesosomes

Answer: C

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80. The imperfect fungi which are

decomposers of litter and help in mineral

cycling belong to:

 A. Ascomycetes

B. Deuteromycetes

C. Basidiomycetes

D. Phycomycetes

Answer: B

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81. Pick up the wrong statement

A. Nuclear membrane is present in Monera

 B. Cell wall is absent in Animalia

C. Protista have photosynthetic and

heterotrophic modes of nutrition

D. Some fungi are edible

Answer: A

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82. Select the wrong statement :

 A. Mosaic disease in tobacco and AIDS in

human being are caused by viruses

B. The viroids were discovered by D.J.

Ivanowski

C. W.M. Stanley showed that viruses could

be crystallized

D. The term 'contagium vivum fluidum' was

coined by M.W. Beijerinek

Answer: B

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83. The antibiotics have no effect on viruses

because

A. Viruses show metabolism of their own

B. Viruses are too small in size antibiotics

to act upon them

C. Viruses show no metabolism of their

own

D. Viruses produce a thick covering and

encyst themselves as endospores

Answer: C

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84. Which of the following statements is

worng for viroids

A. They are smaller than viruses

B. They cause infections

C. Their RNA is of high molecular weight

D. They lack a protein coat

Answer: C

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85. Chrysophytes, Euglenoids, Dinoflaegellates

and Slime moulds are included in the kingdom

A. Protista

B. Fungi

C. Animalia

D. Monera
Answer: A

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86. The primitive prokaryotes responsibel for

the production of biogas from the dung of

ruminant animals include

A. Thermoacidophiles

B. Methanogens

C. Eubacteria

D. Halophiles
Answer: B

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87. Which one of the following statements is

wrong ?

A. Golden algae are also called desmids

B. Eubacteria are also called false bacteria

C. Phycomycetes are also called algal fungi

 D. Cyanobacteria are also called blue-green

algae

Answer: B

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88. One of the major compnents of cell wall of

most fungi is

A. Peptidoglycan

B. Cellulose
 C. Hemicellulose

D. Chitin

Answer: D

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89. Which one of the following is wrong for

fungi

A. They are eukaryotic

 B. All fungi possess a purely cellulosic cell

wall

C. They are heterotrophic

D. They are both unicellular and

multicellular

Answer: B

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90. Methanogens belong to

 A. Eubacteria

B. Archaebacteria

C. Dinoflagellates

D. Slime moulds

Answer: B

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91. Select the wrong statement :

 A. The walls of diatoms are easily

destructible

B. Diatomaceous earth' is formed by the

cell walls of diatoms

C. Diatoms are chief producers in the

oceans

D. Diatoms are microscopic and float

passively in water

Answer: A

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92. Which one of the following statements is

wrong ?

A. Algae increase the level of dissolved

oxygen in the immediate environment

B. Algin is obtained from red algae, and

carragreenan from brown algae

C. Agar-agar is obtained from Gelidum and

Gracilaria
 D. Laminaria and Sargassum are used as

food

Answer: B

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93. Select the wrong statement

A. Bacterial cell wall is madeup of

peptidoglycan
 B. Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in

motility of bacterial cells

C. Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells.

D. Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism

Answer: B

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94. study the four statements (A-D) given

below and select the two correct ones out of

them
(A) Definition of biological soecies was given

by Ernst mayr

(B) photoperiod does not affect reproduction

in plants

© Binomial nomenclature system was given by

Ernst Whittaker

(D) In unicellular organisms, reproduction is

synonymous with growth

The two correct statments are

A. B and C

B. C and D

C. A and D
 D. A and B

Answer: C

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95. Which of the following are found in

extreme saline conditions

A. Eubacteria

B. Cyanobacteria

C. Mycobacteria
 D. Archaebacteria

Answer: D

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96. Which of the following components

provides sticky character to the bacterial cell

A. Nuclear membrane

B. Plasma membrane

C. Glycocalyx
 D. Cell wall

Answer: C

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97. Mycorrhiza are the the example of

A. amensalism

B. antibiotics

C. mutualism

D. fungistasis
Answer: C

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98. Spliceosomes are not found in cell of

A. fungi

B. animals

C. bacteria

D. Plants

Answer: C
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99. Which among the following is not a

prokaryote

A. Saccharomyces

B. Mycobacterium

C. Nostoc

D. Oscillatoria

Answer: A
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100. Select the wrong statement.

A. Cell wall is present in members of fungi

and plantae

B. Mushrooms belong to basidiomycetes.

C. Pseudopodia are locomotory and

feeding structures in sporozoans

D. Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the

cell in all kingdom except monera

Answer: C

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101. Which of the following organisms are

known as chief producers in the oceans ?

A. Dinoflagellates

B. Diatoms

C. Cyanobacteria

D. Euglenoids
Answer: B

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102. Ciliates differ from all other protozoans in

A. using flagella for locomotion

B. having a contractile vacuole for

removing exces water

C. using pseudopodia for capturing prey

D. having two types of nuclei.

 Answer: D

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Practice Questions Ii Assertion Reason Type

Questions

1. Assertion.Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic

blue-green algae with procaryotic structure.

Reason. They are green due to presence of

chloroplasts.
 A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.

B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A

C. If A is true but R is false.

D. If both A and R are false

Answer: A

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2. Assertion: There is no chance of

transmission of malaria to a man on the bite

of a male Anopheles mosquito.

Reason: It carries a non virulent strain of

Plasmodium.

A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.

B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A

C. If A is true but R is false.

 D. If both A and R are false

Answer: C

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3. Assertion : Endomycorrhiza of forest trees

contribute to the efficient nutrient cycling in

tropical forest ecosystem.

Reason : The fungi that form mycorrhizal

associations with plants make nutrient ions

available to them.
 A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.

B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A

C. If A is true but R is false.

D. If both A and R are false

Answer: A

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4. Assertion : Mesosomes help in respiration in

bacteria.

Reason : They do not have mitochondria.

A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.

B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A

C. If A is true but R is false.

D. If both A and R are false

Answer: A

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5. Assertion : Rhizopus does not form

zygospores.

Reason : It shows heterothallism.

A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.

B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A
 C. If A is true but R is false.

D. If A is false and R is true

Answer: D

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6. Assertion : Yeast such as Saccharomyces

cervisiae are used in banking industry.

Reason : Carbon dioxide produced during

fermentation causes bread dough to rise by

thermal expansion.
 A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.

B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A

C. If A is true but R is false.

D. If both A and R are false

Answer: A

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7. Assertion : The fungi are widespread in

distribution and they even live on inside other

plants and animals.

Reason : Fungi are able to grow anywhere on

land, water or on other organisms because

they have a variety of pigments, including

chlorophyll, carotenoids, fucoxanthin and

phycoerythrin.

A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.
 B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A

C. If A is true but R is false.

D. If both A and R are false

Answer: C

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8. Assertion .Gram negative bacteria do not

retain the when washed with alcohol.

Reason . The outer face of outer membrane of

Gram negative bacteria contain

lipopolysaccharides a part of which is

integrated with membrane lipids.

A. If both A and R are true and R is the

correct explanation of A.

B. If both A and R are true but R is not the

correct explanation of A

C. If A is true but R is false.

D. If both A and R are false

Answer: A
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