E3S Web of Conferences 316, 01023 (2021) https://doi.org/10.

1051/e3sconf/202131601023
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Unilever's contribution to achieving sustainable

development goals 3 in Indonesia
Dinda Khoirun Nisa1 , Arie Kusuma Paksi1* , Amalia Nurul Hutami2 , and Qholiva Yuni
Fadilla3
1
International Relations Department, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2
International Relations Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Indonesia
3
Media and Cultural Studies, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia, Indonesia

Abstract. This study aims to discuss how Unilever contributes to the

achieving of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Indonesia
specifically the third goal that constitutes good health and well-being. This
research employs the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to
describe how corporations take responsibilities over the community and
the environment referring to the ethical theory in implementing the CSR.
This research shows the stances and efforts of the company in helping to
achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia so that a
sustainable Indonesian society can be realized by implementing corporate
social responsibility to society and the environment.

1 Introduction
Indonesia is a destination country for multinational companies to become investment
targets. Multinational companies are commonly referred to as Multinational Corporations
(MNCs). Multinational companies generally have their headquarters in the country of
origin of the company and then the multinational company establishes branches in other
countries by building or buying assets from other companies in the destination country [1].
The company has full or partial rights to the branch of the company [2]. One example of a
multinational company is Unilever.
The year 1933 was the beginning of the founding of Unilever, on December 5, 1933 to
be exact. Currently Unilever has grown to become one of the leading FMCG companies in
Indonesia. Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) are products that have a fast turnover,
and relatively low costs. FMCG products have a relatively short shelf life due to their
perishable nature. The FMCG product category generally includes a wide variety of
frequently purchased consumer products. Unilever has become a friend to the people of
Indonesia with a variety of products owned by Unilever such as Lifebuoy, Rexona,
Vaseline, Sunlight, Pepsodent, Bango, Wall's and many more products from Unilever [3].
Data from the Worldpanel Indonesia office shows an increase in sales of FMCG
products from 2012 to 2013 by 14% throughout Indonesia, both in urban areas and in rural
areas [4].

*
Corresponding author: ariekusumapaksi@umy.ac.id

© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
E3S Web of Conferences 316, 01023 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131601023
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Unilever's products are not ordinary products, but they have a strong noble
purpose. With Unilever's scale and strong noble cause, since 2010 Unilever has succeeded
in helping to improve the hygiene and health of approximately 1.3 billion people
globally. In addition, Unilever also always strives to campaign for a sustainable lifestyle
that is environmentally friendly, healthy and clean, and provides benefits for all [5].
With the Unilever company in Indonesia, it should make Indonesia a more prosperous
country and can also help Indonesia in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs) by the United Nations. The Sustainable Development Goals have 17 where these
goals are useful for achieving sustainable development targets, especially related to health
problems. The Sustainable Development Goals apply to all countries (universal), so that all
countries without exception have a moral obligation to achieve the goals that are the targets
of the SDGs.
Based on the arguments presented above, this study aims to examine how the Unilever
company, as one of the MNCs belonging to the FMCG company category, contributes to
the achievement of SDGs in Indonesia, especially regarding target number 3 (three) which
focuses on good health and well-being. The focus of the analysis is to explain what
programs are carried out by Unilever companies and how they are achieved.

2 Literature Review and Framework

All companies including multinational companies must have a responsibility to the
environment in which the company is located. Multinational companies or multinational
corporations, hereinafter referred to as MNCs, are the main actors in international business.
Multinational corporations or multinational companies can be defined as companies
engaged in direct investment, namely in foreign direct investment (FDI) within certain
limits, and controlling the added value of activities in a country [6]. The company must
carry out its social responsibility as a form and reflection of a good company. This social
responsibility or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is an aspect that cannot be
separated from all companies [7]. Both domestic companies and multinational companies.
Currently, a company is assessed and considered not only to carry out economic activities
and how much profit is obtained in the continuity of its business, but also from how the
company carries out its responsibilities towards social aspects and the surrounding
environment.
There are many reasons and demands that underlie the application of Corporate Social
Responsibility activities. As explained by Frynas that in carrying out Corporate Social
Responsibility activities the company has certain considerations and reasons as follows [8]:
1) As a fulfillment of laws, rules, and regulations
2) As a form of social investment for companies to get a good image among
consumers and company partners
3) Part of the company's business strategy
4) To obtain an operating permit from the local community
5) Part of the company's risk management to reduce and avoid social conflicts [9].

The Prince of Wales International Business Forum suggests five pillars of Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) activities, namely [10]:
1) Building Human Capital: Companies are required to form capable human
resources and also empower the surrounding community.
2) Strengthening Economies: Companies are not allowed to enrich the company
itself, but must also empower the economy of local residents.

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3) Assessing Social Chesion: In order not to cause conflict, the company must
establish a good relationship with the surrounding environment.
4) Encouraging Good Governence: companies must conduct business according to
good corporate governance
5) Protecting Environment: the company must preserve the surrounding environment.

The implementation of CSR in a company is based on the theory put forward in 2004 by
Mele and Geriga and Carroll in 1991. The theory states that the company as part of the
community is responsible for achieving economic aspects and is also responsible for the
condition of the surrounding community. Morally speaking, the company is responsible for
employees, the environment, and other stakeholders involved, as their activities may be
potential to endanger as well as pose challenges to the dimension of human security that is
related to the environment and economy [11].
In addition, the company is also ethically responsible for employees, the environment,
and other stakeholders involved. In the CSR concept proposed by Mele and Gariga, they
have 4 theoretical domains in CSR, namely:
1) Instrumental Theory
Instrumental theory is a theory which states that companies carry out CSR with the
aim of achieving profit in their economic business to enrich the company.
Friedman also believes that to maximize shareholder profits the company is to
carry out business responsibilities that are within the legal and ethical framework.
In this instrumental theory, companies carry out social activities to achieve their
economic goals, which they believe that social activities are a marketing tool.

2) Political Theory
Political theory states that the social power possessed by a company gives rise to
corporate social responsibility. Here the company realizes and understands its role
as part of the community so that the company must be involved in the community.

3) Integrative Theory
Integrative theory states that companies seek to balance the interests of
stakeholders as well as companies with appropriate responses to social issues.
Companies use the law as well as public policy processes for reference in social
performance. This theory also aims to create social satisfaction.

4) Ethical Theory
This ethical theory focuses on what is right to achieve a better society based on the
company's responsibility to the parties involved. This ethical theory highly
respects human rights, the environment and the rights of employees. This ethical
theory aims to achieve sustainable development by paying attention to current and
future generations [12].
From the four theories above, to analyze Unilever Indonesia's contribution to achieving
the SDG 3 target, ethical theory will be used. The theory of ethics in business
implementation is a theory based on the same ethics that prioritizes the responsibilities of
business people. Ethics are values and norms that are used as guidelines in living life. In
addition, ethics can help humans to act in accordance with rational actions that can be
justified [13]. There are various ethics that must be applied in managing and running a
business. With good business ethics, of course, business development will be easier because
a good image grows along with business based on ethics.

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The theory of ethics is the parent of social responsibility or CSR. Where a group of
people or even on the scale of a company that runs a business has the responsibility to
fulfill their duties as citizens. In running a business, it must be profitable for all parties,
including the company, society and the environment. Balance in business is very important,
because if the balance has been achieved then the responsibility can be declared
successful. That's where the role of ethics in business is needed. Every action and decision
must be in accordance with its own code of ethics before it is implemented. If an action or
decision in doing business causes harm to the community or the surrounding environment,
then the company and or business actor is not socially responsible. Social responsibility or
CSR has a strong synergy with ethics in business. Both are a unity that has continuity and
has an influence on all parties. When ethics and other positive things are applied in
business, of course, it will also have a positive impact on business productivity and the
rights of employees, the community, and the surrounding environment.
After the explanation above, it can be seen that there are four theories that can be used
in analyzing CSR activities, but in this study, specifically to examine Unilever's activities in
achieving SDG 3 targets in Indonesia, the author will use ethical theory which explains that
CRS activities are part of from activities based on the company's contribution and
responsibility in maintaining and contributing to sustainable development, especially in the
health sector.

3 Research Method
The author in conducting this research uses qualitative research methods, where qualitative
research requires several theories in understanding the case studies raised. In collecting data
the authors collect data indirectly. Indirect data collection in question, namely the author
uses sources from the library both printed and electronic.

4 Result and Discussion

4.1 The Government’s Role in the Implementation of CSR Programs

The government is one of the stakeholders in the implementation of CSR programs. The
government has the legitimacy to influence the CSR program so that the CSR program runs
in tune with the program run by the government. Currently, CSR has become a priority
issue on the government's agenda. The existence of the CSR issue has changed the
government's capacity to act and has an impact on social and environmental issues in
relation to companies and has also influenced the framework within which CSR policies are
designed where the government uses a strategy as all stakeholders. The government must
be aware that they bear the mandate and responsibility to ensure the sustainability of
environment which can effectively be realized by mainstreaming the sustainable
development strategy in all sectors [14]. In designing policies, the government needs to take
definite stance putting social and humankind first rather than focusing to expand economic
strategy behind the social policies under the framework of environmental preservation and
sustainability [15].
There are several things that have been stated by Steurer regarding the reasons for the
government's interest in CSR programs [16]. The first reason is because CSR has the same
direction as government programs, which is the sustainable development programs where
this reason is also related to foreign policy regarding human resource development
programs. The second reason is that CSR is a very interesting policy and is considered a
complement to existing regulations. For example in Indonesia contained in the Limited

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Liability Company Law where in the law the government is very enthusiastic about
showing its concern for social and environmental issues even though the regulations
regarding social responsibility or CSR in the law only get very little part. And the third is
that the implementation of CSR is still based on the voluntary principle, so only companies
that want to do it run the CSR program. This certainly adds to the government's task to
place more emphasis on companies to pay more attention and focus on carrying out CSR
programs. The fourth reason is that in carrying out CSR, many companies use a partnership
program approach or partnership program in which the partnership program invites the
community to take part in carrying out CSR, especially in achieving a sustainable
society. This involves all the main aspects of CSR, namely the involvement of business
stakeholders, the community, and also the government.
In addition to steurers, the World Bank also has five categories regarding the role of the
government in supporting the implementation of CSR programs. In the public sector, the
government has four roles, namely the mandatory role or the role of legislation, the role of
endorsement, the role of partnering, and the role of facilitating [17].
The four categories of roles are described in detail by O'Rouke. The first role is the
mandatory role where through the intermediary of laws and government regulations, the
government can supervise, evaluate, and also re-check the results of CSR reports sent by
companies. The second role is endorsement where transparency in reporting is carried out
with positive efforts. Then the third is the role of partnering where the government takes
part in cooperation with multi-stakeholders by promoting initiatives for partnerships. And
the last is facilitating where the government becomes a facilitator by providing guidelines
in the implementation of CSR programs as well as a means of delivering information to
companies [18].
As a support effort and also to ensure the achievement of the objectives of
implementing CSR and creating an effective balance between development and the
environment, the role of government is needed with good governance [19]. Good
Governance is defined as a benchmark in the process and structure of a good connection
between socio-economic and political. In the implementation of good governance, there are
three focuses that are related to one another, namely the fields of administration, politics,
and economics. In the administrative field, it includes the implementation of policy systems
at the regional level and also at the national level. In the political field, it includes the entire
process of making decisions in making regulations and policies. Meanwhile, in the
economic field, it includes all decision-making processes that affect economic factors as
well as economic activity itself, such as poverty, quality of life, and justice [20].
A policy will be said to be successful in implementing CSR programs if it fulfills four
success requirements, namely:
1) Communication: how companies and governments communicate with each other
in implementing CSR.
2) Bureaucratic structures (Beureucratic structures): bureaucratic structures greatly
affect CSR programs because in the implementation of CSR there must be
compatibility between bureaucratic institutions and companies that run CSR
programs.
3) Resources (Resources): everything related to supporting resources, especially
human resources. Because it is related to proficiency in implementing public
policies to be carried out effectively.
4) Disposition: in implementing the CSR program, skills alone are not enough, it
requires loyalty and commitment from the role of the company that implements it
in accordance with public policy.

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Some ASEAN countries such as Thailand and the Philippines refer to the self-
awareness of each company party, the government has little role and authority in this
regard. In implementing CSR programs, the government only has a role in advocating and
coordinating, cannot regulate the course of CSR and also does not make official regulations
regarding the CSR program itself.

4.2 Government of Indonesia and implementation of CSR programs

From the previous explanation, Indonesia is one of the countries that oblige to carry out
CSR for companies that in carrying out and or carrying out their business related to natural
resources. Laws and government regulations are made by the government to carry out and
implement CSR programs which are written in Law No. 40/2007 which discusses all forms
of Limited Liability Companies (UUPT) and Government Regulation No. 47/2012
regarding all forms of Social and Environmental Responsibility (TJSL) Limited Liability
Company. Article 74 of the Company Law, paragraph 1 explains that CSR or CSR is an
obligation for companies whose business activities are carried out or related to natural
resources and have an impact on nature. Meanwhile, in paragraph 3, it is stated that the
sanctions for companies that do not carry out CSR with sanctions that will be given in
accordance with the decisions of applicable and related laws and regulations.
Social and environmental responsibility is a commitment from a company to take an
active role in sustainable economic development to improve the quality of life, both the
quality of life for the community, the environment, relevant stakeholders, and also the
company itself. In Article 2 of Government Regulation Number 47 of 2012 concerning
Social and Environmental Responsibility of Limited Liability Companies (PP 47/2012)
which states that every limited liability company as a legal subject has social and
environmental responsibilities. However, in the government regulation, it should be noted
that those who are obliged to carry out social and environmental responsibilities are
companies related to natural resources in their business activities.
With the policies and regulations made by the government, the implementation of CSR
is like a very burdensome obligation. However, this obligation is not a burdensome
burden. All business actors cooperate with the government and regulations that are obliged
to implement CSR are companies that utilize natural resources in running their business.
Companies that carry out their business activities in the field of natural resources are
companies that have activities in the management and utilization of natural resources, while
companies related to natural resources are companies in which the company does not
manage or utilize natural resources. What they do has an impact on the function of natural
resources, including in the preservation of the environment. Obligations to companies that
carry out their business activities in the field and related to natural resources have
differences in accordance with those contained in the Constitutional Court Decision
Number 53/PUU-VI/2008 which is also in the activities of managing natural resources of a
company related to article 33 paragraph ( 3) the 1945 Constitution so that the state has the
right to give different regulations to the company. Although there are already laws and
other regulations that already regulate social and environmental responsibilities, in practice
some regions have regulated the minimum amount of budget for carrying out social and
environmental responsibilities in local regulations (Perda) [21].
Regarding the uncertainty of whether CSR is something that must be carried out by the
government or not, the answer depends on where the company is located. If the company is
established in Thailand and the Philippines, it is certainly not mandatory to carry out CSR
programs. However, if the company is established in Indonesia, it becomes an obligation
for the company to carry out CSR programs for companies that run and or are engaged in
the field of natural resources. Because here the role of the Indonesian government as a

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regulator is a form of concern for the community and the environment. If the company
wants to carry out CSR voluntarily, the company can run it directly. However, it is more
ethical if the company first communicates about their program to the government because
later the CSR program must have a responsibility. Responsibility for CSR is carried out in
the form of CSR activity reports which are updated annually through the respective
company web sites.

4.3 Multinational Enterprises and Sustainable Development in Indonesia

A company will not be separated from the existence of social responsibility or what is
commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR). Where those who have the
obligation to run it are not only large companies, but all types of companies, both large and
small companies, multinational companies and domestic companies must continue to carry
out their social responsibilities. Apart from being a form of their concern for the community
and the environment, it is also a form of the company's contribution in realizing the
achievement of sustainable development goals in Indonesia.

4.3.1. Multinational Corporation

Multinational Companies or Multinational Corporations (MNC), hereinafter referred to as

MNCs, are the main actors in international business. MNC has an extraordinary existence
in developing countries including Indonesia, MNC has dominance in the availability of
goods for human needs ranging from primary needs to secondary and even tertiary
needs. MNCs have a very large influence on local economic growth and also have a very
important role in globalization and international relations. Likewise in the realm of political
economy, MNCs also play the role of subjects as actors and also as objects of targets for
actors in the realm of political economy [22].
MNC can be defined as a company engaged in direct investment, namely in foreign
direct investment (FDI), within certain limits, and controls the added value of activities in a
country [6]. In general, FDI activities are carried out in subsidiaries which can be in the
form of wholly owned subsidiaries (subsidiaries where MNC has a majority in share capital
ownership), minority equity investments (companies where MNC is a minority shareholder)
(Alfaro, 2003). Multinational companies take various forms, ranging from small companies
that have invested abroad or in large groups that also manage branches of companies in a
number of destination countries or host countries [23].
According to data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTD) in 2011, there are about 82,000 multinational companies in the world where
these companies have 810,000 branches or subsidiaries located in various countries in
various parts of the world. Among the top 500 multinational companies, there are 133 head
offices located in the United States, 68 in Japan, 61 in China, 35 in France, 34 in Germany,
and 30 in the UK [24]. In this era, many multinational companies come from developing
countries. They prove to the world that developing countries are also able to compete in the
international trade arena.
Multinational companies have characteristics including having various branches in other
countries, having strategies and visions that are used in global goods production activities
so that these companies can create and produce products that can be used by all countries in
the world. Usually multinational companies are more likely to choose manufacturing as
their business activity.
Multinational companies also provide benefits for a country that is the host country for
the multinational company. Some of the benefits obtained by the host country are the
increase in the host country's economy with foreign exchange and taxes from these

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multinational companies. Because usually the profits of multinational companies will be

taxed by the government and this tax will increase income for the host country. Reduced
unemployment in the host country. Get technology transfer from home country. Where
multinational companies bring super-sophisticated technology from their home countries as
home countries. The super-sophisticated technology is then applied in the host
country. Increasing the national reputation because of the presence of a multinational
company in the host country or host country will give a good image among the industry of
other multinational companies. When a country's reputation is good and tends to increase,
other foreign investors will be interested in investing in that country.

4.3.2. Unilever Indonesia

Unilever has been a friend of the Indonesian people by accompanying them on a daily basis
for more than 85 years. For more than 85 years of being established and being a friend of
the Indonesian people, Unilever's mission has never changed, namely campaigning for
sustainable living by paying attention to positive benefits to society and the environment in
order to achieve a sustainable society. Unilever Indonesia was first established on
December 5, 1933 under the name “Lever's Zeepfabrieken NV” located in the Angke area,
North Jakarta based on deed no. 23 of Mr. AH van Ophuijsen, notary in Batavia. The deed
was approved by General Geoual van Nederlandsch-Indie based on letter No. 14 on
December 16, 1933, registered at the Raad van Justitie in Batavia with No. 302 on 22
December 1933 and published in the Javasche Courant on 9 January 1934. Supplement No.
3 [3].
With Unilever's presence in Indonesia, Unilever wants to provide benefits for all parties,
including the community, the environment, and the government. Unilever wants to be a
solution to all the problems and challenges that exist in Indonesia such as poverty, waste
management, sanitation, nutrition, sustainable resources, climate change, and also health
problems. Unilever always gives its best effort to create a better future every day through
its campaigns and products. In conducting its business, Unilever has developed new ways
that will allow Unilever to continue to grow while reducing its impact on the environment
and increasing its positive impact on society and the environment.
Unilever Indonesia has a sustainability program that is carried out with the principles
and pillars of the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP). The pillars and principles are
improving people's livelihoods, improving welfare and health, and reducing impacts on the
environment. The program is carried out as a reflection of a company that has social
responsibility. There are 44 brands currently owned by Unilever where these brands are
produced in nine factories located in the industrial area of Jababeka- Cikarang, Rungkut-
Surabaya, and has a head office in Tangerang.
Of the nine factories owned and the products produced by these factories have received
certification from the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) as halal goods for use and
consumption by the public. Unilever has 1,000 stock keeping units (SKUs) which are
marketed through more than 800 independent distributor networks that reach hundreds of
thousands of stores throughout Indonesia [3].

4.3.3. Sustainable Development Goals in Indonesia

So far, both developed and developing countries must have faced problems. However, the
problems faced by developing countries are more complicated and more numerous. Starting
from poverty, hunger, education, and others. Seeing these problems faced by developing
countries, the United Nations (UN) took the initiative to eliminate the problems faced by
developing countries by formulating the SDGs.

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In 2015, precisely in September, the United Nations (UN) agreed on the SDGs as one of
the UN agenda at the UN general assembly in New York, USA [25]. This agreement is the
starting point for the creation of a new history in global development. 193 leaders of
countries and governments in the world attended the agreement on the new universal
development agenda which was contained in a document entitled Transforming Our World:
the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development which provided 17 goals and 169 targets
applicable in 2016 to 2030. The document was then given a name and known as the
Sustainable Development Goals or in short known as the SDGs [26].
One of the goals of the SDGs is good health and well-being, to be precise, the 3rd goal
of the SDGs. The United Nations says significant steps have been taken to improve lives
and reduce maternal and child mortality. Significant improvements have also been made in
improving sanitation and clean water, reducing the spread of HIV/AIDS, malaria, polio and
tuberculosis. However, more efforts are needed to deal with various diseases and health
problems that arise continuously. There are 13 targets and 28 indicators for the 3rd SDGs
that have been set by the United Nations and some of them are:

1. Achieving Universal Health

Ensure all forms of health including financial risk protection, access to medicines
and vaccines as well as safe, effective, quality and affordable health services for
all. The indicators for achieving this goal are the coverage of health services and
household expenditure on health, with the target by 2030 achieving health coverage
including financial risks, access to medicines and vaccines as well as safe, effective,
quality and affordable health services for all [27].
2. Reducing deaths and illnesses caused by pollution and harmful chemicals
Indicators of achieving this goal are reduced death rates due to air pollution, reduced
mortality rates caused by unhygienic water and sanitation, and reduced mortality due
to hazardous chemicals and soil pollution [25].
3. Increase health financing and support health workers
Increase health financing and recruitment, development, training, and retention of
health workers in developing countries as well as in least developed countries with
indicators of adequate density and distribution of health workers. Density of health
workers is the number of health workers per 1,000 people as measured by the
density of doctors, nurses and midwives, surgeons, dentists and pharmacy personnel
[25].
Of the three indicators mentioned above, the last indicator, namely increasing health
financing and supporting health workers is an indicator in this study. Thus, the SDGs are
expected to be realized and implemented by all parties who take part in the development
process for 2016 – 2030. At the same time Indonesia is also predicted to experience a
demographic bonus [28]. This is a motivation for Indonesia to create a sustainable society
with the help of residents of productive age. In addition, the role of all parties, including
the government, the community and also the private sector, such as companies, both
national and multinational companies, is very important in realizing a better Indonesia.

4.4 Unilever's Role in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals 2030 in

Indonesia
Realizing a sustainable country is the task of the government, but to make this happen the
government needs assistance from stakeholders which includes companies in Indonesia. As
a leading company in Indonesia, Unilever has an active role in helping to achieve the goals

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of SDGs 3 regarding health. Large or in any business activity. Unilever also wants to show
that good things can be created by the actions of business people.
In 2010, Unilever introduced the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan (USLP). While
business people think that business and sustainability are two different things, Unilever
thinks that they are one thing. With the USLP, Unilever examines every aspect and builds a
business that will help sustain life globally. By running a responsible business, Unilever
believes that this is the best way to do business. USLP continues to strive to have a positive
impact on our planet, consumers and businesses as a whole.
Unilever Indonesia within the local reach is making a real effort to implement the USLP
in the Unilever business chain as a whole, with a focus on three main objectives of
improving people's welfare and improving community health, improving people's
livelihoods, and reducing negative impacts on the environment. By focusing on these three
main goals. Unilever believes it can create a better world.
As the main means of implementing the USLP, especially within the community,
Unilever established a foundation called the Unilever Indonesia Foundation (YUI). Formed
in 2000 to be exact on November 27. YUI was formed not without a purpose and without a
mission, YUI's mission is to explore, discover, and empower the potential of the
community, as a bridge to establish partnerships, unite strengths with all partners, and
provide added value to the community.
Unilever-owned brands such as Lifebuoy and Vixal are doing their best to achieve
health goals by reducing the incidence of preventable diseases such as diarrhea and
pneumonia by adopting a healthy and clean lifestyle and behavior. Since the inception of
the USLP, Unilever has helped more than 600 million people around the world improve
their health and hygiene. As for Indonesia itself, Unilever has reached around 90 million
people to implement healthy and clean living habits. In the period up to 2030, Unilever is
committed to halving the environmental impact of the production and use of Unilever
products.
Unilever's products such as Pepsodent, Wipol, Vixal, Lifebuoy, and also Vaseline have
a good aim of helping to improve health and more importantly saving one's life. Many
things have been done as Unilever's efforts in helping a healthy and clean community,
ranging from healthy school programs to improving nutrition for the nation's
children. Unilever's efforts to achieve the SDGs with the aim of good health and well-being
by achieving health financing indicators and providing health workers with various
contributions. I group these contributions into two, namely:

4.4.1. Unilever's contribution in helping to increase health financing

As a contribution to helping increase health financing in Indonesia, Unilever has many
programs for the community. The increase in health financing is not only in the form of
materials provided to the community but also in the form of providing medical equipment,
health products, as well as health education and health education programs that require
costs in their implementation. There are various programs including the healthy school
program, World Handwashing Day, National Dental Health Month, World Dental and Oral
Health Day, as well as Pepsodent Dental Care, Healthy Village Program, Empowered
Healthy Market Program, Care for Surrounding Areas. Educating students about seven
clean and healthy living behaviors. The education is carried out with the aim of reducing
the risk of disease. In running the healthy school program, the Unilever Indonesia
Foundation collaborates with the Ministry of Health and is also assisted by organizations
such as NGOs or local communities to conduct training of trainers for teachers. In addition
to the Healthy School program, there is also a Healthy Pesantren program which also aims
to create a clean and healthy pesantren environment.

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World Handwashing Day is also a program from Unilever, more precisely from
Lifebuoy as one of Unilever's brands. This World Handwashing Day is held in several
schools in Indonesia every year. There are three pillars in the implementation of this
program, namely the school pillar, the Posyandu pillar in collaboration with PKK, and the
hospital pillar in collaboration with PERSI. Each pillar has a different target. The school
pillar makes students their target, the posyandu pillar to reach the household environment,
and the hospital pillar to provide education to health workers.
In addition to the above programs, Unilever has also set a target to inspire 100 million
people in Indonesia, both in rural areas and in urban areas throughout the country, to take
steps to improve the health and welfare of the Indonesian people. Unilever takes various
forms of efforts to achieve the target of improving health in Indonesia with the Mothers in
Posyandu program as a program supported by the Lifebuoy brand that focuses on education
on clean and healthy living behavior at the smallest level, namely the family level for
mothers who have children under five years old. In addition, this program also pays special
attention to mothers who are having children for the first time with the aim of increasing
the survival rate of newborns with good and correct practice of washing pliers with
soap. By collaborating with activists from the PKK, namely the family welfare movement
program that provides education about basic hygiene to more than 4 million mothers in
Indonesia.
Unilever provides support in the development of a child-friendly public space called the
Children's Home Integrated Public Space (RPTRA) in the Jakarta area. With the
construction of these facilities, which are equipped with hall facilities for meetings and also
the implementation of community activities. The development is supported by various
private sectors as well as partners in various forms ranging from funding to soft skills
training. Unilever, in collaboration with local partners, held a training of trainers for 100
mothers who had previously become activists and movers in the community. In this
program, mothers are equipped with public speaking skills to campaign for a healthy and
clean living culture to the community with a wider reach. In the training, the mothers were
given training in the form of proper and proper hand washing with soap, brushing teeth in
the morning and evening, using the toilet properly, eating a balanced menu, and consuming
hygienic drinking water.
In addition to programs for urban areas, of course there is a program for rural areas
called the Healthy Village Program. The program empowers rural areas to improve all
aspects of health, from hygiene and good nutrition. Unilever Indonesia has collaborated
with local partners to provide communities in 12 villages in Central and East Java with the
skills and knowledge to be actively involved in improving community health, hygiene, and
priority nutritional needs. The Healthy Village Program has also been coordinated with
local community health centers, namely Puskesmas and Posyandu.
Then there is the Healthy Markets Empowered Program where the program focuses on
mobilizing traders in traditional markets to strengthen their advantages and encourage
business through fresh behavior, improving sanitation access, and creating a healthy and
safe environment without losing the essence of traditional markets. By collaborating with
several local partners, Unilever has provided facilities to more than 7000 traders in 10
traditional markets in Yogyakarta, East Java, DKI Jakarta, West Java, South Sulawesi, and
also North Sumatra. Unilever enhances the program in coordination with the
government. The YUI community by cooperating with local partners plays a role in
intensive training using a participatory approach by actively and effectively involving
market traders and encouraging open discussions on issues related to sanitation,
environmental hygiene, and also cleanliness in the market. In addition, YUI also created the
Perfect Community initiative to increase the Unilever brand market in traditional markets
where this initiative has given tangible results for Unilever and for market residents. YUI

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has also launched the book Healthy Market Empowered Program as a form of
dissemination to a wide audience.
The next program, namely the Care for Area Surrounding (CFAS) program, is a
program developed to create and strengthen employee awareness about the importance of
establishing relationships with the surrounding community. The program provides an
opportunity for every employee to take part in every activity aimed at the community, such
as providing education regarding clean and healthy living habits, creating a greener and
cleaner environment.
In addition to the programs mentioned above, there is also the role of Unilever in
increasing health financing and supporting health workers in the era of the COVID-19
pandemic. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, various types of contributions
have been made and will continue to contribute in this pandemic era. Various forms of
contribution are sought, and one form of Unilever's contribution is to provide assistance
worth IDR 200 billion given since the beginning of March 2020 both independently and in
collaboration with partners. The support provided by Unilever is divided into three things,
namely protecting the health of all employees, as a tangible form of the role that Unilever
always responds to in meeting consumer dynamics, as well as providing real efforts to
support the welfare and health of the community [29].
Unilever is also supported by Unilever's commitment to always provide its products for
all groups of people in need. Because Unilever has guidelines for donating first before
selling. By always voicing the spirit of Mri Sharing Roles since the beginning of the Covid-
19 pandemic, Unilever Indonesia with its brands has supported all efforts to maintain the
welfare of the community and public health in a wide range by providing donations
channeled through 102 referral hospitals throughout Indonesia, 29 community group
partners and/or NGOs, 20 government institutions, and 39 Unilever partners [30].
In addition to support for the community in general, Unilever also provides medical
personnel who take part and have an important role in handling COVID-19 in
Indonesia. Several forms of support were provided, namely initiating “meals for meals” in
which Unilever and employees cooperated with each other by donating 52,000 food
packages which were distributed to medical personnel in stages. Donated 60,000 N95
masks for 8 referral hospitals under PERSI as well as through the Bekasi Regency Health
Office and also Tangerang Regency to provide health facilities from Unilever for medical
personnel in the area. By collaborating with the Indonesian Mosque Council (DMI)
donations in the form of health and hygiene tools and products were given to 100,000
mosques throughout Indonesia. With the intermediary of the National Disaster Management
Agency (BNPB) Unilever donated 40,000 PCR test kits to medical personnel on duty in
laboratories, hospitals and health facilities in Indonesia [31].
In addition to medical equipment and necessities, Unilever also donated from their
products such as hand sanitizers, soaps, hygienic care products for homes, food and
beverage products, as well as food packages for medical personnel worth 10 billion donated
through the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin) to DKI Jakarta provincial
government. In addition to Jakarta, Unilever also donated their products, namely 10,000
Lifebuoy hand sanitizer products, 2,880 units of PCR test kits, 250 units of portable sinks,
3000 units of KN95 masks, as well as providing PHBS educational materials to the
Surabaya city government. Donations in the form of 15,000 Vaseline petroleum jelly
products were given to health workers and Unilever collaborated with the Indonesian Red
Cross (PMI) to distribute Unilever products ranging from health products to food and
beverage products to 249,952 families (KK) in 3 provinces and 13 districts or cities in
Indonesia [32].
Currently the vaccine for COVID-19 is being intensively distributed to various regions
in Indonesia. Because the government has not been able to do it on its own, the

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Government has experienced problems in distributing vaccines for COVID-19 when the
distribution of 1.2 million doses of Sinovac vaccine to regions in Indonesia. These obstacles
were encountered in eight provinces where the obstacles were caused by the lack and
inadequate cold storage capacity for the COVID-19 vaccination program because the
COVID-19 vaccine made by Sinovac had to be placed in storage at a temperature of 208
degrees Celsius, and the government felt that this was the case. It is difficult because to
prepare for storage with a cold temperature system for 20 thousand health centers
throughout Indonesia is more difficult than checking and controlling the existing vaccine
stock [33].
Therefore, the government will cooperate with the private sector to distribute the
COVID-19 vaccine cold chain. PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk is one of the companies that are
partnered with the government to synergize with the government for the distribution of the
vaccine. Unilever has expertise in the supply chain according to needs, with one of the
businesses owned by Unilever, namely the ice cream business that uses freezing in its
distribution, so Unilever certainly has knowledge and experience in all aspects related to
storage with refrigeration equipment to the distribution destination. Since the beginning of
the pandemic, Unilever has proven its commitment to helping the community by making
various donations by providing tens of thousands of test kits, tools and products for
adequate sanitation for the community, as well as food packages and PPE for medical
personnel who are at the forefront of tackling COVID -19. And at this time Unilever also
continues to be committed to supporting and synergizing with the government in facing the
challenges that occur in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic which is currently a big
challenge for the community and also for the government. With the commitment that
Unilever has, it is hoped that it can inspire various groups to care and be responsive to this
problem so that Indonesia can rise from adversity and become a stronger country [31].

4.4.2. Unilever's contribution by supporting the provision of health workers in

Indonesia

In supporting the provision of health workers in Indonesia, Unilever demonstrates this with
the National Dental Health Month program, World Dental and Oral Health Day, and
Pepsodent Dental Care, a program from Pepsodent as one of Unilever's leading brands. The
National Dental Health Month is carried out by collaborating with the Indonesian Dentist
Association and the Association of Indonesian Dentistry Faculties, maximizing dental and
oral health services ranging from education to treatment and also free dental check-ups for
the people of Indonesia. Slightly different from World Dental and Oral Health Day where
Pepsodent collaborates with FDI World Dental federation and also PDGI in assisting the
government in realizing a caries-free Indonesia in 2030. The partnership has been running
for approximately 25 years where it has been proven that the level of frequency in brushing
teeth has increased to 25% worldwide [30]. In 2013 Pepsodent established Pepsodent
Dental Expert Center as the largest dental edutainment center located in Gandaria City
mall, Jakarta. There are very sophisticated dental examination equipment, such as a caries
detector. Apart from being a place for consultation and dental treatment, Pepsodent Dental
Expert Center also opens a program for school visits where students can learn firsthand
how to take good care of their teeth from experts and also from animated cartoons that are
shown in the auditorium. With this program Unilever provides health workers, especially
doctors and dentist assistants by recruiting young doctors and also working with PDGI to
provide dentists for the Indonesian people [30].
From the description above, Unilever seeks to assist Indonesia in achieving the SDGs in
Indonesia, especially the number three goal, namely good health and well-being by
increasing health financing which is meant not only in the form of materials provided to the

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community but also in the form of providing health equipment. , health products, as well as
health education and health education programs that require costs in their implementation
and support the availability of health workers, especially dentists and dental assistants in
Indonesia, where the program has met the achievement indicators, namely increasing health
financing and supporting health workers’ health.

5 Conclusions and Recommendations

Social responsibility or Corporate Social Responsibility and the company are an inseparable
unit. Likewise with the implementation of CSR which cannot be separated from the
contribution in realizing the achievement of the SDGs in Indonesia. Both local companies
and multinational companies have a responsibility to carry out CSR in every area where the
company is located. Every company has a different way of contributing and so does
Unilever.
In the implementation of the CSR program, it does not only involve the company and
the community, but there are other stakeholders such as the government. In terms of
corporate social responsibility to society and the environment, the government here has two
roles. The first role is the government as an institution that requires CSR for all companies
without exception and the second is that the government has no authority over CSR
programs carried out by companies. The government's role in implementing CSR programs
depends on the country where the company is located. However, for companies that are
established in Indonesia, it is an obligation to carry out CSR activities for companies that in
carrying out and or in their business processes utilize natural resources.
In the explanation of the previous chapter, there are examples of companies that carry
out CSR to achieve a sustainable society, namely Unilever as a multinational company and
also included in the FMCG company. Several efforts have been made by Unilever to assist
Indonesia in achieving the SDGs in Indonesia, especially goal number 3, namely good
health and well-being with achievement indicators, namely increasing health financing and
supporting health workers in Indonesia.
With a program owned by Unilever, namely the Unilever Living Plan (ULP), which is
an effort by Unilever to create a sustainable society with three main objectives: improving
community welfare and improving community health, improving people's livelihoods, and
reducing negative impacts on the environment. Efforts in terms of health financing are
implemented through health programs organized by Unilever such as the healthy school
program, world hand washing day, national dental health month, healthy village program,
healthy market program, maternal and child health program, and care for health programs
surrounding area. In addition to this in achieving indicators of increasing health financing,
Unilever is committed to continuing to maintain public health with the products they have.
Unilever has made significant improvements in health financing indicators in achieving
the indicators during the Covid-19 pandemic. Unilever provides assistance worth IDR 200
billion that has been given since the beginning of March 2020 both independently and in
collaboration with partners distributed to 102 referral hospitals throughout Indonesia, 29
community group partners and/or NGOs, 20 government institutions, and 39 Unilever
partners. Unilever donated tens of thousands of test kits, tools and products for adequate
sanitation for the community, as well as food packages and PPE for medical personnel who
are at the forefront of tackling COVID-19.
Unilever also supports the provision of health workers, especially dental health workers,
Unilever and its brand, Pepsodent, always synergize with dentists in Indonesia to support
the dental and oral health of children and the Indonesian people.

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From the previous description, it has indirectly explained that Unilever has assisted
Indonesia in achieving the 3rd SDGs goal by achieving achievement indicators in the form
of achievement, namely increasing health financing and supporting health workers in
Indonesia. The explanation above also shows that Unilever as a CSR actor applies ethical
theory in its implementation. Where the activities and efforts carried out by Unilever are
focused on the right thing to achieve a better society based on the company's responsibility
to the parties concerned. Unilever also highly respects human rights, the environment and
the rights of employees.
Indirectly, the author's hypothesis, namely how Unilever helps achieve the Sustainable
Development Goals in Indonesia and contributes to the achievement of the 3rd SDGs goal,
namely good health and well-being through increasing health financing and supporting
health workers, has been answered in the description in the previous chapter, namely by
increasing health financing. What is meant is not only in the form of materials provided to
the community but also in the form of providing medical devices, health products, as well
as health education and health education programs that require costs in their
implementation and support the availability of health workers, especially dentists and
dental assistants in Indonesia. Hopefully, this research can be used as a reference for future
research.

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