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10th Maths Class Note

The document outlines key topics covered in 10th standard mathematics class notes, including Real Numbers, Polynomials, and Quadratic Equations. It also addresses concepts in Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, and Statistics, along with practical applications such as Heights and Distances. Additional sections cover Circles, Surface Areas and Volumes, and Probability.

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Dinesh Kumar
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7 views3 pages

10th Maths Class Note

The document outlines key topics covered in 10th standard mathematics class notes, including Real Numbers, Polynomials, and Quadratic Equations. It also addresses concepts in Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry, and Statistics, along with practical applications such as Heights and Distances. Additional sections cover Circles, Surface Areas and Volumes, and Probability.

Uploaded by

Dinesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here’s a structured summary of 10th standard mathematics class notes, covering key topics:

1. Real Numbers

 Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic


 Euclid’s Division Lemma
 Prime Factorization
 Rational and Irrational Numbers
 Decimal Expansions

2. Polynomials

 Types of Polynomials (Linear, Quadratic, Cubic)


 Relationship between Coefficients and Roots of Quadratic Equations
 Factorization of Polynomials
 Remainder Theorem & Factor Theorem

3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

 Graphical Representation of Linear Equations


 Algebraic Methods:
o Substitution Method
o Elimination Method
o Cross-Multiplication Method

4. Quadratic Equations

 Standard Form: ax² + bx + c = 0


 Methods of Solving:
o Factorization
o Completing the Square
o Quadratic Formula
 Nature of Roots (Discriminant Concept)

5. Arithmetic Progressions (AP)

 General Term of an AP: an=a+(n−1)da_n = a + (n - 1)dan=a+(n−1)d


 Sum of n Terms of an AP: Sn=n2[2a+(n−1)d]S_n = \frac{n}{2} [2a + (n - 1)d]Sn=2n
[2a+(n−1)d]
 Applications of AP in Real-Life Problems

6. Triangles

 Similarity of Triangles & Basic Proportionality Theorem


 Pythagoras Theorem & Converse
 Criteria for Similarity: AA, SSS, SAS
7. Coordinate Geometry

 Distance Formula: d=(x2−x1)2+(y2−y1)2d = \sqrt{(x_2 - x_1)^2 + (y_2 - y_1)^2}d=(x2


−x1)2+(y2−y1)2
 Section Formula: (m1x2+m2x1m1+m2,m1y2+m2y1m1+m2)\left( \frac{m_1x_2 +
m_2x_1}{m_1 + m_2}, \frac{m_1y_2 + m_2y_1}{m_1 + m_2} \right)(m1+m2m1x2
+m2x1,m1+m2m1y2+m2y1)
 Midpoint Formula
 Area of a Triangle Using Coordinates

8. Introduction to Trigonometry

 Trigonometric Ratios: sin, cos, tan, cosec, sec, cot


 Trigonometric Identities:
o sin⁡2A+cos⁡2A=1\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A = 1sin2A+cos2A=1
o 1+tan⁡2A=sec⁡2A1 + \tan^2 A = \sec^2 A1+tan2A=sec2A
o 1+cot⁡2A=csc⁡2A1 + \cot^2 A = \csc^2 A1+cot2A=csc2A
 Trigonometric Values of Standard Angles (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 90°)

9. Applications of Trigonometry

 Heights and Distances


 Angle of Elevation & Angle of Depression

10. Circles

 Tangent to a Circle
 Theorem: The Length of Tangents from an External Point is Equal

11. Constructions

 Division of a Line Segment


 Construction of Tangents to a Circle

12. Areas Related to Circles

 Perimeter & Area of a Circle


 Area of Sector and Segment

13. Surface Areas and Volumes

 Surface Area & Volume of:


o Sphere
o Cylinder
o Cone
o Frustum of a Cone

14. Statistics

 Mean, Median, and Mode of Grouped Data


 Cumulative Frequency Curves

15. Probability

 Classical Definition of Probability


 Probability of Simple Events

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