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Maths Formula

The document covers various mathematical concepts including real numbers, polynomials, linear equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic progressions, triangles, coordinate geometry, trigonometry, circles, areas related to circles, surface areas and volumes, and probability. Each chapter provides definitions, formulas, and properties relevant to the topics. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental mathematical principles.

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Vedansh Rai
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15 views6 pages

Maths Formula

The document covers various mathematical concepts including real numbers, polynomials, linear equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic progressions, triangles, coordinate geometry, trigonometry, circles, areas related to circles, surface areas and volumes, and probability. Each chapter provides definitions, formulas, and properties relevant to the topics. It serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding fundamental mathematical principles.

Uploaded by

Vedansh Rai
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1 Real numbers

Natural Numbers N ={ 1, 2,3,4,5 … }

Whole Numbers W={ 0,1,2,3,4, 5… }

Rational Numbers -Those numbers which can be presented in the form of


a/b are called Rational Numbers.

Real Numbers-Real Numbers can be found on a number line

LCM (P, Q, R)-P.Q.R.H.C.F(P, Q, R) / [HCF ( P, Q) . HCF( Q, R) . HCF ( P, R)]

HCF (P, Q, R) -P.Q.R.L.C.M(P, Q, R) / [LCM ( P, Q) . LCM ( Q, R) . LCM ( P, R)]

Chapter 2 – Polynomials

1. a+b)2 = a2+2ab+b2
2. (a−b)2=a2−2ab+b2
3. (x+a)(x+b) = x2+(a+b)x+ab
4. A2−b2 = (a+b)(a−b)
5. A3−b3 = (a−b)(a2+ab+b2)
6. A3+b3 = (a+b)(a2−ab+b2)
7. (a+b)3 = a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3
8. (a−b)3 = a3−3a2b+3ab2−b3

Chapter 3 – Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables

 Linear equation in one variable: ax +b =0, a≠0 and a&b are real
numbers
 Linear equation in two variables: ax+ by+ c =0 , a≠0 & b≠0 and a,b
& c are real numbers
 Linear equation in three variables: ax+ by+ cz= 0, a≠0 , b≠0, c≠0
and a,b,c,d are real numbers
 A1x+b1y+c1=0
 A2x+b2y+c2=0
 Where a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2 are all real numbers and a12+ b12 ≠ 0,
a22+ b22 ≠ 0

Chapter 4 – Quadratic Equations

X = (α, β) = [-b ± √(b2 – 4ac)]/2a provided b2 – 4ac >= 0

A quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has

(i) Two distinct real roots, if b2 – 4ac > 0,


(ii) Two equal roots (i.e., coincident roots), if b2 – 4ac = 0, and
(iii) No real roots, if b2 – 4ac < 0

Chapter 5 – Arithmetic Progressions

The nth term of AP = nth term = a + (n-1) d

Sum of n terms in AP = Sn = n/2[2a + (n – 1) × d]

Sum of all terms in AP with the last term ‘l’ = n/2(a + l)

Chapter 6 – Triangles

Here,

A = Area of Triangle

B = Base of Triangle

H = Height of a Triangle

Area of Triangle = A = ½ (b × h) square units

Area of an Isosceles Triangle = ¼ b√(4a2 – b2)

Area of a Right Triangle = A = ½ × Base × Height

Area of an Equilateral Triangle = A = (√3)/4 × side2

Chapter 7 – Coordinate Geometry


Distance Formula to find distance between two points P(x1,y1) and
Q(x2,y2) is = √[(x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2 ]

Distance of a point P(x, y) from the origin is = √x2 + y2

The coordinates of the point P(x, y) which divides the line segment joining
the points A(x1 , y1 ) and B(x2 , y2 ) internally in the ratio m1 : m2 =
Section Formula = ((m1x2 + m2x1)/m1+ m2 , (m1y2 + m2y1)/m1+ m2)

The mid-point of the line segment joining the points P(x1, y1) and Q(x2,
y2 ) = [(x1+x2/2), (y1+y2/2)

Chapter 8 – Introduction to Trigonometry

Basic Trigonometric Formulas

Property Mathematical value

Sin A Perpendicular/Hypotenuse

Cos A Base/Hypotenuse

Tan A Perpendicular/Base

Cot A Base/Perpendicular

Cosec A Hypotenuse/Perpendicular

Sec A Hypotenuse/Base

Reciprocal Relations

Tan A. Sin A/cos A

Cot A. Cos A/sin A

Cosec A. 1/sin A

Sec A. 1/cos A
Chapter 9 – Some Applications of Trigonometry

 Sin(90°– θ) = cos θ
 Cos(90°– θ) = sin θ
 Tan(90°– θ) = cot θ
 Cot(90°– θ) = tan θ
 Sec(90°– θ) = cosecθ
 Cosec(90°– θ) = secθ

Chapter 10 – Circles

When r = radius of the circle,


 Circumference of the circle = 2 π r
 Area of the circle = π r2
 Area of a sector of a circle with radius r and angle with degree
measure θ = (θ/360) × π r2
 Length of an arc of a sector of a circle with radius r and angle with
degree measure θ = (θ/360) × 2 π r

Chapter 11 – Areas Related to Circles

 Area of segment of a circle = Area of the corresponding sector –


Area of the corresponding triangle.
 The tangent to a circle equation x2 + y2 = a2 for a line y = mx + c
is given by the equation y = mx ± a √[1+ m2].
 The tangent to a circle equation x2 + y2 = a2 at (a1,b1) is xa1 +
yb1 = a2

Chapter 12 – Surface Areas and Volumes

CUBOID

Surface Area of a cuboid of length (l), breadth (b), and height (h) = 2 (lb +
bh + lh)

Lateral Surface Area of cuboid = 2 (l + b)h

CUBE
Surface Area of a cube = 6 ✕ l2 where l is the length

Lateral Surface Area of cube = 4 ✕ l2, where l is the length

Volume of cube = l2

CYLINDER

Total Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2πr (h+r)

Lateral Surface Area of a Cylinder = 2πrh

Volume of Cylinder = πr2 h

CONE

Lateral Surface Area of Cone = πrL

Total surface area of cone = πr ( L+ r)

Volume of Cone = ⅓ (πr2 h)

Volume of a frustum of a cone = 1/3 πh(r₁2 + r₂2 + r₁r₂)

SPHERE

Surface Area of Sphere= 4 πr2

Volume of Sphere = 4/3 (πr3)

Chapter 14 – Probability

1. The theoretical (classical) probability of an event E, written as P(E),


is defined as

P (E) = Number of outcomes favourable to E / Number of all possible


outcomes of the experiment, where we assume that the outcomes of the
experiment are equally likely

 The probability of a sure event (or certain event) is 1


 The probability of an impossible event is 0
 The probability of an event E is a number P(E) such that 0≤ PE≤ 1
--

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