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Topic 2-Intellectual Revolutions

The document discusses various intellectual revolutions that have shaped society, including the Copernican, Darwinian, and Freudian revolutions. It highlights the shift from geocentrism to heliocentrism, the theory of evolution by natural selection, and the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Additionally, it poses reflective questions and suggests research activities related to these revolutions.

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janebacinillo23
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18 views22 pages

Topic 2-Intellectual Revolutions

The document discusses various intellectual revolutions that have shaped society, including the Copernican, Darwinian, and Freudian revolutions. It highlights the shift from geocentrism to heliocentrism, the theory of evolution by natural selection, and the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior. Additionally, it poses reflective questions and suggests research activities related to these revolutions.

Uploaded by

janebacinillo23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning

Intellectual Objective
Revolutions
(that defined society) ❑ To discuss/ explain
the paradigm shifts
through history (how
the intellectual
revolutions changed
the way humans
see the world
What is Intellectual Revolution?
 Referto Greek speculation about the
“nature” in the period before Socrates
(roughly 600 to 400 BCE).
 “pre Socratic” or “non-theological” or
“first philosophy” – more on physics and
logic

 Showed how society was transformed


by science and technology
Copernican Revolution

 Claudius Ptolemy  Greek philosopher


and astronomer
 Stated that the
planets, the sun
and the moon
moved in a
circular motion
around the earth
Geocentrism/ Geocentric Model

Description of
the Universe
with Earth at
the center.
Sun, Moon,
stars, and
planets all
orbited Earth.
Nicholas Copernicus

 Polishmathematician
and astronomer.
 Developed his model
of a Sun-centered
universe.
 Explained the daily
and yearly motion of
the sun and stars in
the universe.
Heliocentrism/ Heliocentric Model
Copernican Revolution
 Shift in the field of astronomy from
a geocentric understanding of the universe,
centered around Earth, to
a heliocentric understanding, centered around
the Sun, as articulated by the Polish astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century.
 This shift marked the start of a broader Scientific
Revolution that set the foundations of modern
science and allowed science to flourish as an
autonomous discipline within its own right.
Darwinian Revolution
Charles Darwin
 English naturalist,
biologist and
geologist.
 All life is related and
has descended from a
common ancestor.
 Complex creatures
evolve from more
simplistic ancestors
naturally over time.
Theory of Evolution
 Population pass through
a process of natural
selection in which only
the fittest would survive.
 Organisms have the
ability to adapt to their
environment and would
gradually change into
something that would
be more competitive to
survive - evolution
Darwinian Revolution
 Darwin'sTheory
The theory of evolution by natural
selection, first formulated
in Darwin's book "On the Origin of
Species" in 1859, is the process by
which organisms change over time
as a result of changes in heritable
physical or behavioral traits.
Darwin's Theory of Evolution
 four key points:
1. individuals of a species are not
identical;
2. traits are passed from generation to
generation;
3. more offspring are born than can
survive; and
4. only the survivors of the competition
for resources will reproduce.
Freudian Revolution
Sigmund Freud

Founding father of
psychoanalysis, a
method for
treating mental
illness and also a
theory which
explains human
behavior.
Freud’s Theory
 Emphasized the
influence of the
unconscious mind on
behavior.
 Freud believed that
the human mind was
composed of three
conflicting elements:
the id, the ego, and
the superego
Questions for Reflection:

1. Why do you think where most


intellectual ideas are controversial?
2. Why did the people accept these
new discoveries despite being
contradictory to what was widely
accepted at that time?
3. How do intellectual revolutions
transform societies?
Activity:
Research and explain the following
“revolution”. Make it in a Creative
Presentation (Collage).
• Group 1 – Information
• Group 2 – Meso-American
• Group 3 – Asian
• Group 4 – Middle East
• Group 5 – African
References
 http://www.darwins-theory-of-
evolution.com/
 http://www.britannica.com/science/geo
centric-system

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