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STS10 - Lecture Notes Chapter 2

Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory which explained that the sun, not the earth, was the center of our solar system, contradicting the geocentric views of Claudius Ptolemy. Charles Darwin introduced his theory of evolution by natural selection, which stated that all life evolved over time from common ancestors through natural selection. Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis and emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior, proposing that human behavior is driven by unconscious desires, especially sexual desires.

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147 views13 pages

STS10 - Lecture Notes Chapter 2

Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory which explained that the sun, not the earth, was the center of our solar system, contradicting the geocentric views of Claudius Ptolemy. Charles Darwin introduced his theory of evolution by natural selection, which stated that all life evolved over time from common ancestors through natural selection. Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalysis and emphasized the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior, proposing that human behavior is driven by unconscious desires, especially sexual desires.

Uploaded by

Andy Swift
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 2

Intellectual Revolutions That


Defined Society

Lovely May B. Patete


Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology
Objectives:
• Discuss how ideas postulated by Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud
contributed to the spark of scientific revolution; and

• Analyze how scientific revolution is done in various parts of the


world.
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
• Period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields
of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology and chemistry
transformed the views of society about nature.

• Golden age for science.

• It significantly improved the conduct of scientific


investigations, experiments, and observations.
INTELLECTUALS AND THEIR IDEAS

CHARLES DARWIN SIGMUND FREUD


NICOLAUS COPERNICUS
Claudius Ptolemy
Greek philosopher
known for his Geocentric
theory.

Stated that the planets,


the sun, and the moon
moved in a circular
motion around the earth-
existence of days and
nights,
Nicolaus Copernicus (Copernican)

Polish mathematician and astronomer

Developed his model of the Sun-centered system.


(Heliocentric theory)

Explained the daily and yearly motion of the sun and


starts in the universe.

“De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium”(1532)


Charles Darwin (Darwinian Evolution)
• English naturalist, biologist, and geologist

• All life is related and has descended from a


common ancestor; all organisms are related

• Changed the concept of world’s creation and


its evolution.

• On the Origin of Species (Theory of


Evolution)
• Complex creatures evolve from more simplistic
ancestors naturally over time.
Theory of Evolution
• Populations pass trough a process of
natural selection in which only the
fittest would survive.

• Organisms have the ability to adapt to


their environment and would gradually
change into something that would be
more competitive to survive- evolution.
Sigmund Freud

• Founding Father of Psychoanalysis


• Method for treating mental illness
• Theory which explains human behavior.

• Sex is the ultimate goal of a person.

• Emphasized the influence of the


unconscious mind on behavior.
FREUDIAN (SIGMUND FREUD)

Human mind is composed of 3 conflicting elements:


FREUDIAN (SIGMUND FREUD)

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