CLASS X

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (417)

PART A
UNIT 3. ICT Skills

INDIAN SCHOOL AL WADI AL KABIR

Basic Computer Operations
• ICT (Information and Communication Technology) skills help us to communicate, run our
business and stay connected with our family and friends. Hence, every person needs to
acquire ICT skills and build them to stay updated with the latest software and
applications.
• Computer Hardware and Software

• A computer system consists of two main parts—

• Hardware- The physical parts that we can see and touch are called hardware. It is the
machinery of a computer. These are the keyboard, monitor, CPU, etc.

• Software: The part which cannot be seen but it makes hardware to work. Example:
Windows, MS office etc.
• Operating System (OS). This is the software that starts working as soon as we switch on a
computer. It displays the desktop on the monitor. Some of the most commonly used
operating systems for laptops and desktop are Ubuntu, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS.
• Starting a Computer
• To start a computer, press the Power button on the CPU. This will start the
operating system and display the desktop on the monitor.
• Basic Functions performed when a computer starts a computer
automatically runs a basic program called BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) as
soon as it is switched on or the power button is pushed on. The BIOS first does a
self-test. If the self-test shows that the system is fine, the BIOS will load
the Operating System.
• Login and Logout
• When you login to the computer with your login-ID and password the
computer knows that you are an authorised person and allows you to work on
the applications in the computer.
• Shutting Down a Computer
• You can shut down the windows computer clicking Start button at the bottom
left corner and then click Shut Down. When you click Shut down, the Operating
System will close all the applications and turn off the computer.
 Using the Keyboard
• A keyboard is an input device used to type text, numbers and commands into the computer.
• Function Keys- Keys labeled from F1 to F12 are function keys. You use them to perform specific
functions.
• (a) Control keys: Keys, such as Control (CTRL), SHIFT, SPACEBAR, ALT, CAPS LOCK and TAB, are
special control keys
• (b) Enter key: The label on this key can be either ENTER or RETURN, depending on the brand
of computer that you are using. You use the ENTER or the RETURN key to move the cursor to the
beginning of a new line.
• (c) Punctuation keys: Punctuation keys include keys for punctuation marks, such as colon (:),
semicolon (;), question mark (?), single quotation marks (‘ ’), and double quotation marks (“ ”).
• (d) Navigation keys: Keys, such as the arrow keys, HOME, END, PAGE UP, and PAGE DOWN are
navigation keys
• (e) Command keys: Keys, such as INSERT (INS), DELETE (DEL), and BACKSPACE are command
keys. When the INSERT key is turned ON, it helps you overwrite characters to the right of the
cursor.
• (f) Windows key: Pressing this key opens the Start menu
 Using a Mouse
• A small device that you can use to move, select and open items on your computer
screen.

• Roll Over or Hover - Some actions can be done by simply rolling over or hovering over
an item. When you bring the mouse over a file in File Explorer, it will show the details
of that file

• Point and Click - As you move the mouse on your desk, a pointer moves
correspondingly on your screen. When you click a particular file, it gets selected

• Drag and Drop - To move an item, you need to click it, and then holding the mouse
button down, move the item to a new location. After you move the item to the new
location, you release the mouse button. This is called drag and drop.

• Double-click - Double-clicking means to quickly click the left mouse button twice.
When we double-click on a file, it will open the file.
Performing Basic File Operations
• Files and Folders - All information stored in a computer is kept in
files. Each file is given a file name and has a file name extension that
identifies the file type. Example: .txt, .jpg, .mp3.
• A folder is a location where a group of files can be stored
• Basic Shortcuts
• CTRL+z — undo
• CTRL+y — redo
• CTRL+a — select all
• CTRL+x — cut
• CTRL+c — copy
• CTRL+v — paste
• CTRL+p — print
• CTRL+s — save.
Creating a Folder (in Ubuntu)
• Folder is a location where a group of files can be stored.
• For example, we can create a folder where all the files
• for all the students can be stored.
• Let us create a new folder in Ubuntu.
• • To open file explorer in Ubuntu, click Files
• option on the left as shown in Figure 3.7.
• • File explorer opens up as shown in Figure 3.18.
• • To create a folder:
• (a) Choose a location where the folder has to be created for example ‘Desktop’.
• (b) Right-click and then choose the ‘New Folder’.
• (c) Type the name of the folder as ‘Demo’.
 Computer Care and Maintenance
• Importance of Care and Maintenance of Computers
• Taking care of electronic devices, such as computer and mobiles helps them to work properly.
• Basic Tips for Taking Care of Devices
• (i) Keyboard: You can clean a keyboard with a soft brush
• (ii) Screen: You can wipe the screen with a soft cloth to remove any finger marks.
• (iii) Be careful with food and drinks: Avoid eating and keeping glasses of water or cups of coffee near a
computer
• (iv) Handle devices carefully: Handle and move your laptop carefully and avoid dropping or banging it
against a hard surface.
• (v) Keep the computer cool: If a computer, laptop or mobile device gets overheated, the internal parts can
be damaged. The CPU has an internal fan to keep it cool. We should make sure the fan is functioning.
• (vi) Do not overcharge your battery: Sometimes we keep a device plugged in for charging even after it is
fully charged. This reduces the battery life. Always unplug the device once it is charged 100%.
• (vii) Always plug in devices carefully: Any device being connected to a laptop or computer such as a USB
drive or headphones, should be done gently. It should not be forced into the port.
• (viii) Do not run too many programs at a time: When too many programs are running at the same time, the
computer can become slow and even crash.
Prepare a Maintenance Schedule
• (a) Daily Maintenance • (c) Monthly Maintenance
• i. Transfer photographs to computer and delete
• i. Clean up your e-mail inbox from drive
• ii. Download e-mail attachments and save in • ii. Organise photos into folders or albums
proper folders • iii. Clean up ‘Download’ folder
• iv. Uninstall unused programs and apps
• (b) Weekly Maintenance • v. Run disk-cleaner software
• i. Clean your keyboard • vi. Run full system virus scan
• ii. Clean your monitor • (d) Yearly/Annual Maintenance
• (i) Clean up contacts list on social media accounts
• iii. Dust CPU and printer
• (ii) Clean up e-mail contact list
• iv. Backup your data to an external drive
• (iii) Update your operating system
• (iv) Check for expiry of anti-virus software and
renew
• Backup Your Data
• Backing up data means to save the information present on your computer on another
device, such as CD/DVD drives Data can recovered from here in case the computer stops
working completely. Computers can crash, humans can make mistakes and natural
disasters, such as floods can happen

• Scanning and Cleaning Viruses

• Sometimes computer viruses can enter a computer from such attacks we can install
anti-virus software. This will prevent any viruses from entering and will also clean any
viruses that may enter our system before they affect the data.
• Increasing Computer Performance If we have been using a computer for a long time we
have a lot of unnecessary files and data, such as temporary files and images. When they
use too much hard-disk space, the performance of the computer goes down. It is
important that we keep cleaning by removing any extra files.
• Removing SPAM from your Computer
• Sometimes we get emails from companies who are advertising a product or trying to
attract you to their website. Such mails are called SPAM. We should never respond to
SPAM and delete it on a regular basis.
 Computer Security and Privacy
• Reasons for Security Break
Security break is leakage of information stored in a computer.
• Personal information can be lost or leaked in
• two ways:
• 1. We are not careful in giving out personal information over the
Internet. For example, we share our account details and password on
unsecure sites.
• 2. A person gets un authorised access to our computer. This can happen
in the office if we leave are computer without logging out.
Computer security and privacy is about measures we can take to restrict
access to personal data stored in a computer.
 Computer Security and Privacy
• Threats to Computer
• Threats are the ways in which personal information can be leaked from a
computer without our knowledge.

• (a) Theft: Theft means stealing of information or hardware. These may be of

three types:
• Physical: Where a person may steal your desktop computer or laptop.
• Identity: Where a hacker steals your personal information and assumes your identity.
Using this false identity, the hacker can gain access to your account information or
perform illegal activity.
• Software Piracy: This is stealing of software and includes using or distributing
unlicensed and unauthorised copies of a computer program or software.
• (b) Virus: Viruses are computer programs that can damage the data and software
programs or steal the information stored on a computer. Major types of viruses
are Worms and Trojan Horse.

• Worms: These are viruses that replicate themselves and spread to all files once they attack
a computer. This makes it very difficult to remove them.

• Trojan Horse: A Trojan Horse disguises itself i.e., it appears to be a useful software program
but once it reaches a computer it starts behaving like a virus and destroying data.

• Online Predator: Online predators are people who trap you into inappropriate relationships.
They may be older people posing to be your age, bullying you into doing illegal activities
online and sometimes face to face.
• Internet Scams: Sometimes you may receive very attractive offers saying you have won
huge money in a lottery and that you can claim the prize by depositing a certain amount of
money. When you deposit the money using credit card or online banking, you not only lose
the deposit money but your card/account information may be misused later
Protecting your Data
• (a) Use passwords to login to your computer: Use passwords that are difficult to
guess. Passwords are difficult to hack if they are a mix of small (For example ‘a b c d’)
and capital letters (For example, ‘H J E R’), numbers (For example ‘8 7 6 5’) and special
characters (For example, ’% ^ # $’). This would prevent unauthorised people from
using your computer.

• (b) Install Anti-virus and Firewall: Anti-viruses and Firewall monitor the data coming in
and out of a computer and prevent and viruses from entering. Anti-viruses can also
detect and clean viruses that may have entered a computer.

• (c) Encrypt Data: This is usually done by banks and companies in which important
customer information is stored. They can encrypt their entire hard disk using the
encrypting feature in Windows (Bitlocker). This would force users to use a decryption
password (or key) before starting the computer thus preventing unauthorised usage.

• (d) Secure sites: Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure sites.
See in the address bar of the browser. If the site address starts with https://and a lock
symbol, then it is safe to give your credit card and bank details