International Seminar on Student Research https://www.issrestec.

id/
in Education, Science, and Technology
ISSN 3047-1532| Volume 1 April 2024, pp. 110-122 http://journal.ummat.ac.id/index.php/issrestec
Universitas Muhammadiyah Mataram, Indonesia

Implementation of Gamification Techniques in Mathematics

Education: A Study on Student Engagement
and Learning Outcomes

Iin Purnani1, Habib Ratu Perwira Negara2, Kiki Riska Ayu Kurniawati3,
Habibi Ratu Perwira Negara4, Lalu Sucipto5
1,2,3,4,5Mathematics
Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Indonesia
210103060.mhs@uinmataram.ac.id1, kikirak_2706@gmail.com2, habib.ratu27@gmail.com3,
habibiperwira@uinmataram.ac.id4, ciptobajok@gmail.com 5

Abstract: This study represents a systematic literature review aimed at investigating the utilization
of gamification techniques in mathematics learning from 2013 to 2023. Through literature sources
indexed by Google Scholar, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore, this study highlights that gamification
techniques in mathematics learning have yielded positive impacts on student motivation,
engagement in learning, and academic achievement. However, there is a need for further research to
deepen the understanding of how appropriate gamification designs can enhance the effectiveness of
mathematics learning, particularly in adapting to diverse student needs and preferences. Therefore,
further research in this regard is considered crucial to identify best practices and the most effective
strategies in implementing gamification techniques in the context of mathematics learning.

Keywords: Gamification techniques, Student engagement, Learning outcomes, Student preferences,

Learning strategies.

Article History:
Received: 10-03-2024
Online : 20-03-2024 This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license

——————————  ——————————

A. INTRODUCTION
Introduction to the concept of gamification in the context of mathematics
education requires a profound understanding of the nature and application of the
concept. Simply put, gamification refers to the use of game elements in non-game
situations with the aim of enhancing motivation, engagement, and learning outcomes
(Sri Legowo 2022).The incorporation of elements such as points, levels, challenges, and
rewards in the learning environment is expected to boost students' interest and
involvement in the mathematics learning process. The implementation of gamification
techniques in the context of mathematics education has been a primary focus in efforts
to enhance learning effectiveness. Various research and practices indicate that the use
of gamification can influence students' intrinsic motivation and improve their learning
outcomes in various mathematical situations. For instance, the utilization of student
competitions, virtual rewards, and progress assessments has proven to increase

110
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students' interest in mathematics learning. Recent developments in the

implementation of gamification techniques in the context of mathematics education
show an intriguing trend, with growing interest in this approach coinciding with
awareness of challenges in teaching mathematics, particularly in sustaining student
interest and enhancing their learning outcomes. Therefore, the implementation of
gamification techniques remains relevant in the context of modern mathematics
education. This research aims to further explore student engagement and learning
outcomes achievable through the application of gamification techniques in the context
of mathematics education. It is hoped that this research will provide valuable insights
for educators and policymakers in enhancing innovative and effective mathematics
learning approaches (Yulian et al. 2023).
Enhancing the effectiveness of mathematics education poses a significant
challenge for educators, particularly considering various factors influencing this
process (Etistika Y W, Dwi A S, and Amat N 2016). One of the primary issues is
maintaining students' interest in mathematics, which is often perceived as complex or
tedious by some students. Furthermore, educators are required to improve students'
academic achievement in mathematics, given the importance of a solid understanding
in this field for future academic success and careers.Within this framework, the use of
gamification techniques in mathematics education holds promise as an approach that
may help address these challenges. By leveraging game elements such as points, levels,
and challenges, gamification can stimulate students' interest and enhance their
engagement in mathematics learning (Sri Legowo 2022). This has the potential to
create a more dynamic and interactive learning environment, ultimately expected to
enhance students' learning achievements.Therefore, research investigating the
implementation of gamification techniques in the context of mathematics education
has significant potential to contribute to addressing these issues and improving the
overall effectiveness of mathematics learning (Rukmana, Supriandi and Wirawan
2023).
In mathematics education, there are several typical challenges, such as negative
perceptions of the subject and the need for creative problem-solving skills (Shofia
Rohmah et al. 2023). Negative perceptions of mathematics often arise because students
perceive it as a complex or boring subject, which can reduce their motivation and
interest in learning. Additionally, mathematics also requires the ability to solve
problems creatively, where students are expected to apply mathematical concepts in
real-world situations to find appropriate solutions (Muhammad et al. 2018). In
addressing these challenges, the use of gamification techniques demonstrates
significant relevance. By incorporating game elements such as points, levels, and
challenges, gamification can help transform negative perceptions of mathematics into
a more engaging and enjoyable learning experience for students. Moreover,
112 | International Seminar on Student Research
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gamification techniques can also stimulate students' creative thinking by providing

challenges that require mathematical problem-solving in an interesting and interactive
context (Syuhada, Mulyati, and Persada 2024). Thus, the utilization of gamification
techniques in mathematics education holds strong relevance in addressing these
specific challenges to enhance the effectiveness of mathematics learning (Nggego 2023).
Previous research has investigated the implementation of gamification techniques
in mathematics education, yielding intriguing findings. For instance, studies have
shown that the use of a gamified learning platform (CALP) with features such as
problem repetition after suboptimal attempts can enhance student engagement and
learning outcomes, particularly in algebraic concepts (Hui and Mahmud 2023) .Digital
game-based interventions have also proven effective in enhancing students' learning
potential in school mathematics, especially for those experiencing difficulties in
understanding the material (Tepho and Srisawasdi 2023). Furthermore, the utilization
of online learning environments incorporating gamification has significantly increased
motivation and engagement among students in learning computer concepts at the
university level (Syafitri 2023). The implementation of gamification techniques,
whether simple or complex, in computational thinking (CT) education has also shown
improvements in CT skills and learning motivation, both intrinsically and extrinsically,
particularly among second-grade students (del Olmo-Muñoz et al. 2023). Additionally,
the use of the Kahoot gaming platform in the learning process has been found to
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in learning. This study designed an online gamified learning activity incorporating
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significant increase in motivation was found for the group using synchronous
gamified learning. This indicates that despite the negative impact of the pandemic on
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 113

Iin Purnani, Implementation of Gamification...

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Further research is urgently needed to fill knowledge gaps and provide a deeper
understanding of the implementation of gamification in the mathematics learning
process. As indicated by the literature, gamification has shown positive results in
enhancing students' learning skills in the field of science education (Peltenburg et al.
2023). However, further research is still required to better understand how
gamification can be effectively applied in the context of mathematics education. Future
research is expected to focus on identifying specific areas where previous studies have
not fully explored the benefits and challenges associated with the use of gamification
in mathematics education (Ajemba and Arene 2022). By addressing these knowledge
gaps, future research is expected to provide valuable insights into the design and
implementation of gamification strategies capable of enhancing mathematics learning
outcomes for students (Ulhusna, Diana Putri, and Zakirman 2020).
Previous research has shown intriguing results regarding the application of
gamification techniques in mathematics education. (Hui and Mahmud 2023) Some
studies highlight the effectiveness of using gamified learning platforms, such as CALP,
in enhancing student engagement and learning outcomes, especially in algebraic
concepts.(Tepho and Srisawasdi 2023) Additionally, digital game-based interventions
114 | International Seminar on Student Research
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Volume 1, April 2024, pp. 110-122

have proven effective in enhancing students' learning potential in mathematics,

particularly for those experiencing difficulties in understanding the material. Other
studies indicate that the use of online learning environments adopting gamification
can significantly increase motivation and engagement among students in learning
computer concepts. Furthermore, the implementation of gamification techniques in
computational thinking education has led to improvements in CT skills and student
learning motivation. These studies demonstrate the significant potential of
gamification in enhancing mathematics learning. However, there is still a gap in
understanding how gamification can be effectively applied in the context of
mathematics education, particularly concerning the identification of specific benefits
and challenges. Therefore, this research aims to address this gap through a systematic
literature review approach, focusing on recent studies exploring the implementation
of gamification techniques in mathematics learning .(del Olmo-Muñoz et al. 2023)Thus,
this research will provide deeper insights into how gamification can be used to
enhance student engagement and learning outcomes in the mathematics education
domain.
The primary objective of this research is to investigate the impact of gamification
techniques on student engagement and mathematics learning outcomes. This aligns
with previous studies that have explored various innovative teaching methods to
enhance mathematics education, finding that the use of music-based techniques,
aimed at balancing the functions of the left and right brain, is effective in improving
students' mathematical understanding. Similarly, highlighting the importance of
problem-solving skills in mathematics education and proposing problem-based
learning as an effective approach. Identifying common difficulties in understanding
mathematical concepts among elementary school students and providing suggestions
to address these challenges. Finally, emphasizing the significant role of mathematics
education in raising awareness of the environment and proposing the concept of
"green mathematics" as an effort to integrate environmental education into
mathematics learning. These studies collectively underscore the necessity of
employing innovative teaching methods, such as gamification, to enhance student
engagement and learning outcomes in mathematics.

B. METHODE
This research aims to investigate the implementation of gamification techniques in
the context of mathematics education, focusing on student engagement and learning
outcomes. The primary objective is to understand how gamification techniques have
been applied in mathematics learning and how this influences student engagement
and learning outcomes. This research is conducted through a Systematic Literature
Review approach, aimed at systematically investigating and analyzing relevant
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literature in this domain. Literature searches were conducted through academic

databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and IEEE Xplore. Keywords used include
"gamification," "mathematics education," "student engagement," and "learning
outcomes." This search was limited to studies published within the last 10 years,
encompassing both journal articles and conference papers, with a preference for
publications in the English language.
The inclusion criteria used encompass studies specifically addressing the
implementation of gamification techniques in mathematics learning while
investigating student engagement and learning outcomes. The primary language used
is English. The exclusion criteria encompass studies that do not focus on the use of
gamification techniques in the context of mathematics education, as well as studies
that do not include relevant data on student engagement and learning outcomes. The
article selection process involves initially examining titles and abstracts, followed by
thorough readings to determine conformity with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Relevant data, including information on gamification implementation, student
engagement, and learning outcomes, are extracted from each selected article. This
information is then analyzed to identify key findings and emerging patterns in the
related literature. By following this approach, it is expected that this research will
provide a comprehensive understanding of the use of gamification techniques in
mathematics education and their impact on student engagement and learning
outcomes.

C. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

1. The implementation of gamification techniques in mathematics education
The implementation of gamification techniques in mathematics education has
proven effective in enhancing student participation, learning motivation, and
comprehension of the material. Research indicates that integrating game elements into
non-traditional academic environments can improve students' ability to work
independently or in teams, as well as increase their satisfaction and motivation
towards mathematics (Alvarado Rodriguez and Rosado Cusme 2023). The integration
of gamification techniques with computational thinking instruction has also been
explored, revealing that both shallow and deep implementations of gamification can
enhance computational thinking skills in young students, with deeper implementation
showing a stronger motivational impact (del Olmo-Muñoz et al. 2023). Furthermore,
game-based mathematics learning approaches, whether using traditional or modern
games, have been shown to improve learning quality, teacher skills, and student
participation, leading to enhanced student competencies (Himmawan and Juandi
2023). The use of gamification strategies in online learning also shows potential in
boosting motivation and student participation (Sarkar and Sur Roy 2023). However, it
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should be noted that the success of gamification implementation in mathematics

learning heavily depends on underlying pedagogical considerations (Sri Legowo 2022).
(Ramlah and Hanifah 2018)The use of gamification techniques in mathematics
education has proven effective in enhancing students' understanding of mathematics
and their learning satisfaction. (Putri et al. 2016)This is further reinforced by the
application of the Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract (CPA) approach, which helps students
establish connections between mathematical concepts and real-life situations.
(Prayitno and Masduki 2017) However, despite the potential benefits of this approach,
many students still encounter difficulties in understanding mathematics. (Andi
Asrafiani Arafah, Sukriadi, and Auliaul Fitrah Samsuddin 2023) To address this issue,
constructivist learning theory can be applied in mathematics education, emphasizing
student-centered learning and the importance of students' personal experiences in the
learning process.
The results of these studies indicate that the use of gamification techniques in
mathematics education has a significant positive impact. The integration of game
elements enhances student engagement, learning motivation, and understanding of
the material. Additionally, combining gamification techniques with computational
thinking instruction provides additional benefits in enhancing computational thinking
skills. Game-based mathematics learning approaches have also been proven effective
in enhancing overall learning quality. Although the research findings demonstrate
success in implementing gamification techniques in mathematics education, it is
important to note that this success heavily depends on underlying pedagogical
considerations, This emphasizes the importance of appropriate approaches and
careful integration of gamification techniques in the context of mathematics learning.

2. The influence of using gamification techniques on student engagement in

mathematics learning
The implementation of gamification techniques has been proven to have a positive
impact on student engagement in the mathematics learning process. The use of digital
games as classroom interventions has been effective in enhancing students' learning
potential and cognitive engagement in the context of mathematics content (Andi
Asrafiani Arafah, Sukriadi, and Auliaul Fitrah Samsuddin 2023).Aligning gamification
techniques with computational thinking (CT) instruction has shown to enhance CT
skills and motivation, with deeper gamification techniques yielding stronger
motivational effects (Saeputri, Sutriyono, and Pratama 2019). Gamification-infused
online learning environments have been proven to enhance motivation and
engagement among students in understanding essential computer concepts (Alsadoon
2023). The incorporation of game design elements in mathematics learning activities,
particularly through problem-based gamification approaches, can enhance the gaming
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Iin Purnani, Implementation of Gamification...

experience and motivation of students in engaging with learning activities (Alt 2023).
Game-based learning (GBL) in the context of mathematics has had a positive impact
on students' cognitive aspects, involving an increase in mathematical knowledge and
skills, as well as affective aspects, including achievement, attitudes, motivation,
interest, and student engagement (Hui and Mahmud 2023).
(Putri et al. 2016) The utilization of gamification techniques in mathematics
education has been proven to enhance student engagement. (Prayitno and Masduki
2017)However, despite the potential for enjoyable learning experiences in mathematics,
many students still face difficulties in mastering the subject. (Ananda and Wandini
2022) These difficulties are often related to a lack of understanding of basic
mathematical concepts, which can hinder further learning development.
(YULIYAWATI 2020)Therefore, while the use of gamification can enhance
engagement, it is necessary to address these fundamental issues in order to fully reap
its benefits in the context of mathematics education.
The research findings indicate that the consistent use of gamification techniques
consistently has a positive impact on student engagement in mathematics learning.
The integration of game elements, whether through digital games, computational
thinking instruction, or problem-based gamification approaches, enhances student
motivation and enriches their learning experiences. Despite the positive findings, it is
important to consider that research results may be influenced by factors such as
instructional design, student characteristics, and learning environments. Additionally,
the sustainability and long-term effectiveness of gamification techniques need to be
considered to understand their overall impact thoroughly.

3. Specific factors that influence the success or failure of gamification

implementation in the context of mathematics learning.
Several factors influencing the success or failure of gamification implementation
in mathematics learning involve pedagogical considerations regarding gamification
activities (Alt 2023).Design aspects, such as focusing on pedagogical goals and
simulation interactions, also play a crucial role in determining the effectiveness of
gamification (Lee Yan and Mohd Matore 2023).Additionally, the level of students'
knowledge in relevant technical areas is a factor influencing gamification (Chamorro-
Atalaya et al. 2023). It should be noted that the use of gamification alone may not
provide sufficient motivation for students to actively participate in learning unless
based on strong pedagogical grounds (Sallik, Hipiny, and Ujir 20). Furthermore, the
impact of gamification approaches on student learning can be measured through
affective, cognitive, and psychomotor dimensions (Sallik, Hipiny, and Ujir 2022). All
these factors must be carefully considered when implementing gamification in the
context of mathematics learning to ensure its success.
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The success or failure of gamification implementation in mathematics education is

influenced by various factors. According to (Dharmayanti and Munadi 2014) key
factors in student institution selection involve student interest, campus image, and
student activity units. (Mangera 2020) highlights the importance of teacher
performance and student achievement in the implementation of contextual teaching.
Both (Notoatmodjo 2022) and (Mangera 2020) emphasize the significant impact of
environmental, behavioral, healthcare services, and genetic factors on public health,
which may also be relevant in the context of gamification use in mathematics
education. The findings of these studies collectively indicate that the success of
gamification in mathematics education may be influenced by a combination of student,
teacher, and environmental factors.
The research findings indicate that the success or failure of gamification in
mathematics learning depends not only on pedagogical aspects related to gamification
activities but also on design, students' knowledge, and motivation based on solid
pedagogical reasons. It is important to understand that gamification implementation
cannot rely solely on gaming elements but must also consider these complex factors.
While these factors are relevant, it is important to remember that evaluating
gamification implementation should also take into account contextual factors, such as
learning environment and student characteristics. Comprehensive evaluations
considering all these aspects can provide a deeper understanding of the success or
failure of gamification in the context of mathematics learning.

4. Patterns or specific trends in research findings related to the implementation of

gamification in mathematics education
The implementation of gamification in the context of mathematics education has
yielded specific findings and trends in research results. The use of gamification
techniques, whether through traditional or modern games, has proven effective in
enhancing the quality of mathematics learning (del Olmo-Muñoz et al. 2023). Reward
systems employing gamification with badges, leaderboards, and avatars have
successfully transformed the learning environment and student attitudes, leading to
improved attitudes towards mathematics and reduced anxiety levels (Vankúš 2021).
Deeper gamification techniques, involving more complex and challenging experiences,
have shown to have a stronger motivational impact compared to shallow gamification
(Rincon-Flores et al. 2023). The implementation of problem-based gamification
activities has been found to be more effective in enhancing gameplay experience and
student motivation compared to non-problem-based masalah (Lee Yan and Mohd
Matore 2023)The literature on the application of gamification in mathematics
education continues to grow, with Spain standing out as the most researched country
in this field (Alt 2023). These findings and trends significantly contribute to the
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development of knowledge in the literature regarding the implementation of

gamification in mathematics learning.
(Antarsari 2020) The implementation of gamification in mathematics education
has shown positive results in several studies. Antarsari notes that using patterns in
mathematical and language analysis can significantly improve children's skills in both
areas. Meanwhile, , (Mataheru, Huwaa, and Matitaputty 2021)found that gamification
can help identify and correct errors in understanding basic mathematical topics among
students. However, (Hariyono and Nur Widhi 2021) and (Prayitno and Masduki 2017)
did not present specific findings related to the implementation of gamification in
mathematics education.
The findings of the research indicate that the use of gamification in mathematics
education has a positive impact on the quality of learning. Gamification techniques
involving badges, leaderboards, and avatars have shown significant changes in
students' attitudes, enhancing positive views towards mathematics, and reducing
anxiety. Deeper gamification techniques demonstrate that more complex learning
experiences tend to provide higher motivation compared to shallower approaches.
Additionally, problem-based gamification activities have proven to be more effective
in enhancing gameplay experiences and student motivation. The success of
implementing gamification in mathematics education is reflected in the improvement
of students' attitudes and motivation. Reward systems implemented using
gamification elements, such as badges and leaderboards, have demonstrated positive
changes in the learning environment. However, it is important to note that some
studies did not provide specific findings related to the implementation of gamification
in mathematics education.

D. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Overall, this research emphasizes that the implementation of gamification
techniques in mathematics education has great potential to enhance student
participation, learning motivation, and understanding of the material. While the
positive impact on student engagement has been proven, the success of gamification
implementation requires careful pedagogical considerations and appropriate
integration into the design of mathematics instruction. Evaluations indicate that the
use of gamification techniques positively contributes to student attitudes and
motivation, and integrating gamification across various learning contexts provides
opportunities for improved learning outcomes. However, to achieve optimal success,
a thorough understanding of pedagogical aspects, instructional design, student
knowledge, and motivation needs to be the primary focus. Although these findings
provide a positive outlook, there are still research gaps that need to be addressed,
including exploring long-term impacts, potential side effects, and the adaptability of
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gamification in diverse mathematics learning contexts. Therefore, future research can

delve deeper into understanding the potential and limitations of gamification in
enhancing mathematics learning and develop more specific and focused strategies.

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