Scalar & Vectors

General and Types of Vectors:

1. Which one of the following statements is incorrect:

(a) Mass, Time and work are scalar physical quantities.
(b) Force, Velocity and Acceleration are vector physical quantities.
(c) Displacement is a vector quantity while distance is a scalar.
(d) A vector may have direction but scalar must have a direction.

2. If n is a unit vector in the direction of A⃗, then:

(a) n = A⃗ A⃗
⃗
(b) n = ⃗
⃗
(c) n = ⃗

(d) n = A⃗ A⃗

3. Two vectors A & B are such that A + B = C and A2 + B2 = C2. Which one of the
following statements is correct:
(a) A is parallel to B.
(b) A is anti-parallel to B.
(c) A is perpendicular to B.
(d) A and B are equal in magnitude.
4. Given that P + Q = P – Q. Which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) P = Q
(b) Q = 0
(c) Both P & Q may be null vectors.
(d) P is perpendicular to Q.
5. Two vectors which have same magnitude but different directions?
(a) Equal vectors
(b) Like vectors
(c) Anti-parallel vectors
(d) None of the above.
6. A null vector has:
(a) Zero magnitude and definite direction.
(b) Zero magnitude and Indefinite direction.
(c) Nonzero magnitude and Indefinite direction.
(d) Nonzero magnitude and definite direction.

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7. Which one of the following statements is incorrect:
(a) Vectors which lie in same plane are called coplanar vectors.
(b) Vectors which have same initial starting point are called coinitial vectors.
(c) Vectors which have same direction are called like vectors.
(d) Vectors which lie along the same line are called equal vectors.

8. A unit vector :
(a) Is used to assign direction.
(b) Has no magnitude.
(c) Has no direction.
(d) Is used to multiply the magnitude of another vector by a factor 0.1.

9. Which one of the following physical quantities is neither vector nor scalar?
(a) Energy
(b) Linear Momentum
(c) Refractive Index
(d) All the above.
10. Based on symbols used, choose the correct option:
(a) A ↑↑ B, A is equal to B.
(b) A ↑↓ B, A is parallel to B.
(c) A = B, A and B are equal in magnitude but different in direction.
(d) 𝐀 ⊥ 𝐁, A is perpendicular to B.

Triangle law, Resultant, Addition, Subtraction of Vectors:

1. The vector sum of two forces 10 N and 6 N cannot be:

(a) 12 N
(b) 14 N
(c) 5 N
(d) 3 N

a2. The vector sum of two forces 20 N and 10 N can be:

(a) 12 N
(b) 18 N
(c) 24 N
(d) All the above.

3. How many minimum number of coplanar vectors having different magnitudes can be
added to have zero resultant?
(a) 4
(b) 5
(c) 2
(d) 3

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4. If A⃗ + B⃗ = C⃗ and A + B = C, then angle between A⃗ and B⃗ :
(a) 0
(b)

(c)

(d) Π

5. A = 12, B = 5, C = 13 and A⃗ + B⃗ = C⃗, then angle between A⃗ and B⃗ is :

(a) 0
(b)

(c)

(d)

6. Six vectors a⃗ through ⃗f have the magnitudes and directions given in the diagram. Which
one of the following is true?

(a) b⃗ + e⃗ = ⃗f
(b) b⃗ + c⃗ = ⃗f
(c) d⃗ + c⃗ = ⃗f
(d) d⃗ + e⃗ = ⃗f

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7. In diagram, A⃗ is shown. The angle made by A⃗ with positive X-axis is:

(a) 150
(b) 30
(c) 60
(d) 210
8. Which one of the following diagrams correctly representA⃗ + B⃗ = R⃗ ?

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9. The resultant of two vectors having same magnitude A and angle between them is θ is :
(a) 2A sin θ
(b) 2A cos θ

(c) 2A sin

(d) 2A cos

10. If A = 10 units and B = 10 units. Find A⃗ + B⃗ and A⃗ − B⃗ in each case when angle
between vectors is :
(1) 30°
(2) 120°
(3) 180°
(4) 0°

11. Given that R⃗ = A⃗ + B⃗ and R = A + B, Find the angle between A⃗ and B⃗.

12. The resultant of two vectors of magnitudes 4 units and 6 units is 8. Find the angle
between the vectors.

13. Can two vectors which have magnitudes 8 units and 17 units give a resultant of 24 units
for some angle? Justify your answer.

14. Find the magnitude of resultant of two forces given in the diagram.

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15. In the given figure, E⃗ + D⃗ − C⃗ equals to:

16. Draw the approx. representation of resultant of A⃗ + B⃗ − C⃗.

17. R⃗ < A⃗ + B⃗ , is this possible in any condition? Justify your answer.

18. R⃗ > A⃗ + B⃗ , is this possible in any condition? Justify your answer.

19. Two vectors having magnitude 3 units and 4 units. Find the angle between the vectors if
magnitude of resultant is:
(a) 6 units
(b) 5 units
(c) 7 units
(d) 2 units
(e) 8 units

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20. If A = 10 units, B = 20 units and C = 20 units, is it possible to have zero resultant with
this combination of vectors? Justify your answer.

Resolution of a Vector Into its Components/ Rectangular Components:

1. A vector:
(a) Can have three components only.
(b) May have 3 components.
(c) May have infinite components.
(d) None of the above.

2. Rectangular components :
(a) Are parallel to each other.
(b) Are anti-parallel to each other.
(c) Are mutually perpendicular to each other.
(d) May have any angle between them from 0° to 180°.

3. Unit vector in the direction of ı̂ + ȷ̂ + k :

(a) (ı + ȷ̂ + k)/3
̂ ̂
(b)
√
̂ ̂
(c)
√
(d) ı̂ + ȷ̂ + k

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4. Find the resultant of A and B rectangular components, where A= 12 units and B = 16
units. Also find the magnitude of resultant:

5. If a unit vector is represented by 0.5ı̂ − 0 ⋅ 8ȷ̂ + ck, then the value of c2 is:
(a) 1
(b) 0.01
(c) 0.3
(d) 0.11

6. Two vectors A⃗ and B⃗ lie in the same plane but another vector C⃗ lies outside the plane,
then resultant of these vectors i.e., A⃗ + B⃗ + C⃗ :
(a) Can not be zero.
(b) Can be zero.
(c) lies in the plane containing A⃗ & B⃗.
(d) lies in the plane containing B⃗ & C⃗.

7. A vector which makes 30° with the positive Y-axis and has x component of 10 units.
Find the magnitude of the vector.
8. A vector, magnitude 10√3 units, makes 300° with Positive X-axis. Y-component of
vector is:
(a) -15 units
(b) 5√3 units
(c) 15 units
(d) -5√3 units

9. Find the magnitude of vector A = 2ı̂ + 3ȷ̂ − 8k and angle made by vector with x-axis, y-
axis and z-axis.

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10. If A⃗ = 4 units, B⃗ = 6 units and C⃗ = 12 units. Find A⃗ + B⃗ + C⃗.

11. Find a vector A which has magnitude 5 units and along the direction of B = 3ı̂ + 4ȷ̂ + k.

12. Find the direction cosines of the vector joining the points A(1, 2, -3) and B(-1, -2, 1),
directed from A to B.
13. If A⃗ = 3ı̂ + 4ȷ̂ and B⃗ = 7ı̂ + 24ȷ̂, then find a vector which has same magnitude as A⃗ and
parallel to B⃗.

14. If A⃗ = 4ı̂ − 3ȷ̂ and B⃗ = 6ı̂ + 8ȷ̂ then find A⃗ + B⃗ and A⃗ − B⃗ .

15. If A⃗ = 2ı̂ + 6ȷ̂ − 8k and B⃗ = −3ı̂ − 2ȷ̂ − 3k then find 2A⃗ − 3B⃗ and 3A⃗ − 2B⃗ .

16. If P⃗ = A⃗ + B⃗ and Q⃗ = A⃗ − B⃗. Find P⃗ + Q⃗ and P⃗ − Q⃗.

17. The sum of two unit vectors is a unit vector, then find the magnitude of subtraction of
these two unit vectors.

18. The sum of two forces at a point is 16 N. If their resultant is normal to the smaller force
and has a magnitude of 8 N, then two forces are.
(a) 6 N, 10 N
(b) 8 N, 8N
(c) 4 N, 12 N
(d) 2 N, 14 N

19. If A⃗ = 4ı̂ − ȷ̂, B⃗ = −3ı̂ + 2ȷ̂ and C⃗ = −3ȷ̂, then find A⃗ + B⃗ + C⃗ & A⃗ + B⃗ − C⃗ .

20. Four forces of magnitude F, 2F, 4F and 8F act along the four sides of a square ABCD in
a cyclic order. Find the magnitude of resultant force.

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Dot product / Scalar product and Cross product / Vector product:

1. If a particle moves from a point A(2 m, 3 m, -5 m) to point B(4 m, 8 m, 9 m).

Find the dot product of B and A + B.

2. Find the angle between two vectors A⃗ = 2ı̂ − ȷ̂ − k and B⃗ = −J + k .

3. The component of Vector P⃗ = 2ı̂ + 4ȷ̂ along the vector Q⃗ = ı̂ − ȷ̂ .

4. Find the value of c if two vectors A⃗ = 3ı̂ + 6ȷ̂ − 2k and B⃗ = ı̂ + ȷ̂ + c k are perpendicular
to each other.

5. If A⃗ × B⃗ = √3A⃗ ⋅ B⃗ then the value of A⃗ + B⃗ is:

(a) A + B + 2AB
(b) (A + B + 2AB)
(c) √A + B + AB

√
(d) A +B +

6. Given A⃗ = 5ı̂ + 3ȷ̂ − 2k and B⃗ = 2ȷ̂ + 6k , then find A⃗ × B⃗ .

7. In the Q.no. 6, also find A⃗ + B⃗ × A⃗ − B⃗ .

8. If A = 2ı̂ − ȷ̂ − 6k , 𝐁 = ı̂ + 2k and 𝐂 = ı̂ − ȷ̂ . Find A . (B × C).

9. Establish the relation between a and b if two vectors 3ı̂ + a ȷ − b k and 2ı̂ + 3ȷ̂ − 4k are
parallel to each other.

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10. Find the direction of A⃗ × B⃗ in each case:

(a)

(b)

(c)

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Solutions
General and Types of Vectors:

1. D Scalar quantity does not have direction.

2. B
3. C A, B and C are forming Pythagoras triplet (in terms of magnitude)
4. D When angle between the vectors is 90°, then P + Q = P – Q
5. D
6. B A null vector is a zero vector which has indefinite direction.
7. D Vectors lie along the same line are called collinear vectors.
8. A a unit vector has magnitude one and used to assign direction only.
9. C Refractive Index is a ratio.
10. D

Triangle law, Resultant, Addition, Subtraction of Vectors:

1. D Max is 16 N and Min is 4 N. So, 3N cannot be the resultant of 10 N and 6 N.
2. D Max is 30 N and Min is 10 N. All values lie between Max and min
3. D
4. A When angle between the vectors is 0° then magnitude of resultant is maximum.
5. B A, B and C are forming Pythagoras triplet.
6. D Resultant of d⃗ and e⃗ will lie in third quadrant.
7. D Measure angle from the positive side of X-axis
8. A Triangle Rule
9. D A + A + 2AA cos θ
= 2A (1 + cos θ)
= 4A cos

=2A cos
10. √
(1) (10) + (10) + 2 ∗ 10 ∗ 10 ∗ cos 30 = 200 + 200 × =

200 + 100√3
(2) (10) + (10) + 2 ∗ 10 ∗ 10 ∗ cos 120 = 200 + 200 × = 10
(3) (10) + (10) + 2 ∗ 10 ∗ 10 ∗ cos 180 = 200 + 200 × (−1) = 0
(4) (10) + (10) + 2 ∗ 10 ∗ 10 ∗ cos 0 = √200 + 200 × 1 = 20
11. Resultant has maximum value (A + B). So, Angle between the vectors is 0°.
R = A + B + 2AB cos 0 = (A + B) = A + B

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12. Let A = 4, B = 6 and R = 8
we have, (8) = (4) + (6) + 2 × 4 × 6 × cos θ, where θ is the angle between the
vectors.
⇒ cos θ =

⇒ θ = cos

13. Yes, maximum value is 25 units and minimum value is 9 units. 24 lies between this
range.
14. Angle between these forces is 120°.
So, resultant is
(20) + (20) + 2 × 20 × 20 × cos 120 = 20 N
15. We have,
D⃗ = A⃗ + C⃗ and E⃗ + A⃗ = D⃗
16. Resultant will lie in 1st quadrant
17. Yes, since (A − B) ≤ R ≤ (A + B)
18. No, since (A − B) ≤ R ≤ (A + B)
19. (1) θ = cos

(2) θ = cos (0) = 90°

(3) θ = cos = 0°

(4) θ = cos

(5) Not possible for any value.

20. Magnitude of Resultant of B⃗ and C⃗ is 20√2 units. So, in no condition, zero resultant is
possible.

Resolution of a Vector Into its Components/ Rectangular Components:

1. C
2. C
3. B If a⃗ = aa, then a =
⃗

4. A⃗ = 12 cos 37° ı̂ + 12 sin 37° ȷ̂ = 12 * ı̂ + 12* ȷ̂ = 9.6 ı̂ + 7.2 ȷ̂

B⃗ = 16 cos 37° ı̂ - 16 sin 37° ȷ̂ = 16 * ı̂ - 16* ȷ̂ = 12.8 ı̂ – 9.6 ȷ̂
So, A⃗ + B⃗ = 22.4 ı̂ – 2.4 ȷ̂

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And A⃗ + B⃗ = (22 ⋅ 4) + (2 ⋅ 4) units

5. D Magnitude of unit vector is 1.

So, 12 = (0.5)2 + (0.8)2 + c2 => c2 = 0.11
6. A For three coplanar vectors, resultant may be zero.
7. Let the magnitude of vector be R
R sin 30° = 10
So, R = 20 units
8. C There is no negative sign with component. Since it is magnitude only.
9. A = √77
θx = cos , θy = cos and θz = cos
√ √ √

10. A⃗ = 4 cos 37° ı̂ - 4 sin 37° ȷ̂ = 3.2 ı̂ + 2.4 ȷ̂

B⃗ = -6 cos 45° ı̂ + 6 sin 45° ȷ̂ = -3√2 ı̂ + 3√2ȷ̂
C⃗ = -12 sin 60° ı̂ - 12 cos 60° ȷ̂ = -6√3 ı̂ - 6ȷ̂

11. A = AB and
3ı̂ + 4J + k
B=
√26

12. A⃗ = ı̂ + 2J − 3k
And
B⃗ = −ı̂ − 2J + k

AB⃗ = B⃗ - A⃗ = −2ı̂ − 4J + 4k

θx = cos , θy = cos and θz = cos

13. A=5
And
7ı̂ + 24J
B=
25
So, vector is AB.
14. A⃗ + B⃗ = 10ı̂ + 5ȷ̂
A⃗ + B⃗ = √125
And
A⃗ − B⃗ = −2ı̂ − 11ȷ̂
A⃗ − B⃗ = √125

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15. 2A⃗ − 3B⃗ = 2 2ı̂ + 6ȷ̂ − 8k − 3(−3ı̂ − 2ȷ̂ − 3k) = 13ı̂ + 18ȷ̂ − 7k
So, 2A⃗ − 3B⃗ = √169 + 324 + 49 = √542 units

And
3A⃗ − 2B⃗ = 3 2ı̂ + 6ȷ̂ − 8k − 2(−3ı̂ − 2ȷ̂ − 3k) = 12ı̂ + 22ȷ̂ − 18k
So, 3A⃗ − 2B⃗ = √144 + 484 + 324 = √952 units
16. P⃗ + Q⃗ = 2A⃗
and P⃗ − Q⃗ = 2B⃗
17. 1 = 1 + 1 + 2 × 1 × cos θ
 θ = 120 (angle between the vectors)
then magnitude of subtraction of unit vectors is √3 (since angle is 60°)
18.

Given, A + B = 16 N----1
and R = 8 N
From the diagram, A sin θ = 8 N ---- 2
and A cos θ = B -----3

squaring both sides and add

A2 = B2 + 64 ----4

From 3 and 4, forces are 10 N and 6 N.

19. A⃗ + B⃗ + C⃗ = ı̂ − 2ȷ̂
And A⃗ + B⃗ − C⃗ = ı̂ + 4ȷ̂
20. √45 N

Dot product / Scalar product and Cross product / Vector product:

1. A⃗ = 2ı̂ + 3ȷ̂ − 5k and B⃗ = 4ı̂ + 8J + 9k

A⃗ + B⃗ = 6ı̂ + 11ȷ̂ + 4k
So, B.(A + B ) = (4ı̂ + 8J + 9k).( 6ı̂ + 11ȷ̂ + 4k) = 24 + 88 + 36 =148

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2. To find the angle between, we use dot product of two vectors

⃗⋅ ⃗
Cos θ = =0
So, angle is 90°
3. ⃗⋅ ⃗
P cos θ = = = − √2
√
4. If two vectors are perpendicular to each other, their dot product is zero.
3 + 6 -2 c =0
So, c = 9/2
5. C AB sin θ = √3 AB cos θ
So, θ = 60°
A⃗ + B⃗ = (A2 + B2 + AB)1/2
6. ı̂ ȷ̂ k
A⃗ × B⃗ = 5 3 −2 = (18 + 4) ı̂ –(30) ȷ̂ + (10) k
0 2 6

A⃗ × B⃗ = (22) + (30) + (10) = √1484

7. A⃗ + B⃗ = 5ı̂ + 5ȷ̂ + 4k and A⃗ − B⃗ = 5ı̂ + ȷ̂ − 8k

ı̂ ȷ̂ k
A⃗ + B⃗ × A⃗ − B⃗ = 5 5 4 = (-40 - 8) ı̂ –(-40 - 20) ȷ̂ + (5 - 25) k =
5 1 −8
−44ı̂ + 60ȷ̂ − 20k
8. ı̂ ȷ̂ k
B×C=1 0 2 = (0 + 2) ı̂ –(0 – 2) ȷ̂ + (-1 - 0) k = 2ı̂ + 2ȷ̂ − k
1 −1 0

So, A . (B × C) = 4 – 2 + 6 = 8

9. When two vectors are parallel to each other, their cross product is null vector.
(3ı̂ + a ȷ − b k )x( 2ı̂ + 3ȷ̂ − 4k) = 0⃗
ı̂ ȷ̂ k
⇒ 3 a −b = (-4a + 3b) ı̂ –(-12 + 2b) ȷ̂ + (-9 – 2a) k = 0ı̂ + 0ȷ̂ + 0k
2 3 −4
So, -4a + 3b = 0
or, 4a = 3b
10. (a) normally outward the plane
(b) normally inward the plane
(c) upward

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