LECTURE 8

KINETICS: FORCE &

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DYNAMICS OF RIGID BODIES
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CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
• To state Newton’s Laws of Motion and Gravitational attraction and to
define mass and weight.

• To analyze the accelerated motion of a particle using the equation of

• To investigate central-force motion and apply it to problems in space

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
NEWTON’S SECOND LAW
Newton’s second law of motion states that the unbalanced force on a
particle causes it to accelerate. If the mass of the particle is 𝑚 and its
velocity is 𝐯, the second law can be written as:

𝒅
𝑭= 𝒎𝒗 = 𝒎𝒂
𝒅𝒕

• Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction: The mutual attraction

𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑭=𝑮
𝒓𝟐

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
D’ALEMBERT’S PRINCIPLE
For a system of mass of particles, the sum of the difference of the force
acting on the system and the time derivatives of the momenta is zero
when projected onto any virtual displacement.

𝒅
෍𝑭 − 𝒎𝒗 = 𝟎;
𝒅𝒕

σ 𝑭 − 𝒎𝒂 = 𝟎 or σ 𝑭 = 𝒎𝒂

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
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INERTIA FORCE VECTOR

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
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SOLVING PROBLEMS USING THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION:
RECTANGULAR COODRINATES
1. Draw the particle’s free-body diagram.

2. The direction and sense of the particle’s acceleration a should also

3. Establish equation of motions i.e.

a. Friction - frictional equation Ff=μkN. Remember that Ff always

b. Spring - Fs can be related to the deformation of the spring by the

4. Apply proper kinematic equations

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 1
A 10 kg block is resting on the surface.
A. Neglecting friction, determine the required force to accelerate the
block to 2 m/s2
B. If μk = 0.5, determine the required force to accelerate the block to 2
m/s2

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 1
A 10 kg block is resting on the surface.
C. If a spring with initial deflection of 1m is placed before, calculate the
acceleration of the block when the spring is released ( use k = 0.1
N/mm)
D. In the preceding question, how far will the block travel before going
to rest? Assume the release time is 0.75s

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 2
The crate, which has a mass of 120 kg, is subjected to the two forces. If
it originally at rest determine the distance it slides in order to attain a
speed of 10 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and
the surface is μk = 0.3

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 3
The 125 kg concrete block A is released from rest in the position shown
and pulls the 200 kg log up the 30o ramp. If the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the log and the ramp is 0.5, compute the following:
A. Acceleration of A as it hits the ground.
B. Tension in the cable supporting block A.
C. Velocity when block A hits the ground.

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
EQUATION OF MOTION: RECTANGULAR COORDINATES

When a particle is moving relative to an inertial x, y, z frame of

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 4
A smooth 2-kg collar shown, is attached to a spring having a stiffness k
= 3 N/m and an unstretched length of 0.75 m. If the collar is released
from rest at A, determine its acceleration and the normal force of the rod
on the collar at the instant y = 1 m.

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 5
A 40-lb suitcase slides from rest 20 ft down the smooth ramp.
A. Determine the point where it strikes the ground at C.
B. How long does it take to go from A to C?

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 6
A 40-lb suitcase slides from rest 20 ft down the smooth ramp. If the
suitcase has an initial velocity down the ramp of vA = 10 ft/s and the
coefficient of kinetic friction along AB is μk = 0.2.
A. Determine the point where it strikes the ground at C.
B. How long does it take to go from A to C?

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
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EQUATION OF MOTION: NORMAL & TANGENTIAL
COORDINATES

When a particle moves over a known curved path, the equation of

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 7
A car makes a turn in a horizontal plane without sideslip at 250 kph. At
what angle must the car be banked if the radius of turn is 1.5 km? If the
driver weighs 600 N, what force does he exert on his seat? If friction
(μk = 0.2) is considered what minimum angle must the car be banked?

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 8
The car passes over the top of a vertical curve at A with a speed of 60
kph and then passes through the bottom of a dip at B. The radius of
curvature of the road at A and B are both 100 m. The mass center of the
car is 1 m from the road.
A. Find the speed of the car at B if the normal force between the road
and the tires at B is twice that A.
B. Determine the normal force at A if the car has a mass of 1500 kg.
C. Determine the normal force at B is the car has a mass of 1500 kg.

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
PROBLEM 9
A ball on the end of string is revolved at a uniform rate in a vertical circle
of radius of 64 cm. If its speed is 5.00 m/s and its mass is 0.4 kg:
A. Calculate the tension in the string when the ball is at top of its path.
B. Calculate the tension in the string when the ball is at bottom of its
path.

Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration
Prepared by: AGL
Lecture 8
Kinetics: Force & Acceleration