RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

by

Aditya Kumar (1503231021)

Abhishek Kumar (1503231010)
Adarsh K. (1503231018)
Aditya Prakash Tripathi (1503231022)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad

Campus 1, 19th Km Stone, NH-24, Near Crossings Republik,
Ghaziabad
April,2019

ii
 RESTAURANT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

by

Aditya Kumar (1503231021)

Abhishek Kumar (1503231010)

Adarsh K. (1503231018)

Aditya Prakash Tripathi (1503231022)

Submitted to the department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering
in partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics & Communication Engineering

ABES Engineering College, GhaziabadDr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

Technical University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow
iii
 DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this submission is our own work that, to the best of our knowledge
and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor
material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree
or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due
acknowledgment has been made in the text.

Signature:
Name: Adarsh K
Roll number: 1503231018
Date:

Signature:
Name:Aditya Kumar
Roll number: 1503231021
Date:

Signature:
Name: Abhishek Kumar
Roll number: 1503231010
Date:

Signature:
Name: Aditya Prakash Tripathi
Roll number: 1503231022
Date:

iv
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that project report entitled “Restaurant Management System” which is
submitted by Adarsh K , Aditya Kumar , Aditya Prakash Tripathi and Abhishek kumar in
partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of degree B.Tech. in Department of
Electronics and Communication Engineering of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Technical
University, is a record of the candidates’ own work carried out by them under my
supervision. The matter embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted for
the award of any other degree.

Date: (Supervisor)
Mr. Mansih
Assistant proffesor
Electronics & Communication Engineering
ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad.

v
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives us a great sense of pleasure to present the report of the B.Tech. Project undertaken
during B.Tech Final Year. We owe special debt of gratitude to Guide Designation & Name
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, ABES Engineering College,
Ghaziabad for his constant support and guidance throughout the course of our work. His
sincerity, thoroughness and perseverance have been a constant source of inspiration for
us. It is only his cognizant efforts that our endeavours have seen light of the day.
We also take the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of Professor (Dr.) S. K.
Singh, Head of Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, ABES
Engineering College, Ghaziabad for his full support and assistance during the
development of the project.
We also do not like to miss the opportunity to acknowledge the contribution of all faculty
members of the department for their kind assistance and cooperation during the
development of our project. Last but not the least, we acknowledge our friends for their
contribution in the completion of the project.
Signature:
Name: Adarsh K
Roll No. 1503231018
Date:

Signature:
Name: Aditya Prakash Tripathi
Roll No. 1503231022
Date:

Signature:
Name: Abhishek kumar
Roll No. 1503231010
Date:

Signature:
Name: Aditya Kumar
Roll No. 1503231021
Date:

vi
 ABSTRACT

This project presents a design and prototype implementation of new home

automation system that uses WiFi technology as a network infrastructure

connecting its parts. The proposed system consists of two main components; the

first part is the server (web server), which presents system core that

manages, controls, and monitors users’ home.

Users and system administrator can locally (LAN) or remotely (internet)

manage and control system code. Second part is hardware interface module,

which provides appropriate interface to sensors and actuator of home

automation system.

Unlike most of available home automation system in the market the proposed

system is scalable that one server can manage many hardware interface modules

5 as long as it exists on WiFi network coverage. System supports a wide range of

home automation devices like power management components, and security

components.

The proposed system is better from the scalability and flexibility point of

view than the commercially available home automation systems.

7
 TABLE OF CONTENT
Title
Declaration

Certificate

Acknowledgement

Abstract

List of Table

List of Figure

List of Symbol

List of Abbreviation

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Internet of Things

1.3 Consumer applications

8
 1.4 Commercial application

1.5 Infrastructure application

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Literture survey

2.1.1Review of related literature

2.1.2 Review of foreign studies

2.2 Zigbee based hotel menucard ordering system

2.2.1Literature survey

2.2.2 Hardware

2.2.3 Software

2.3 Digital menu card for restaurant

2.3.1Intro

2.3.2 Literature survey

2.3.3Proposed system

2.3.4 System result

2.3.5 Conclusion

2.4 Automatic menu ordering using zigbee and processer

CHAPTER 3 TOOLS USED

3.1Hardware and software

9
 3.1.1Arduino

3.1.2ESP 8266

3.1.3 Relay board

CHAPTER 4 PRESENT WORK DONE

4.1Intro

4.1.1

4.1.2

4.2Price

4.3Customization

4.4Setting up the hardware

4.5 Arduino code

CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 Conclusion

6.2 Future Scope

REFERENCES

PAPER PUBLICATIONS
10
 CHAPTER NO.01

INTRODUCTION

The project aims at designing an advanced home automation system using normal web server
and Wi-Fi technology. The devices can be switched ON/OFF and sensors can be read using a
Personal Computer (PC) through Wi-Fi.

Automation is the most frequently spelled term in the field of electronics. The hunger for
automation brought many revolutions in the existing technologies. These had greater
importance than any other technologies due to its user-friendly nature. These can be used as a
replacement of the existing switches in home which produces sparks and also results in fire
accidents in few situations. Considering the advantages of Wi-Fi an advanced automation
system was developed to control the appliances in the house.

Wi-Fi (Short for Wireless Fidelity) is a wireless technology that uses radio frequency to
transmit data through the air. Wi-Fi has initial speeds of 1mbps to 2mbps. Wi-Fi transmits data
in the frequency band of 2.4 GHz. It implements the concept of frequency division multiplexing
technology. Range of Wi-Fi technology is 40-300 feet.

11
The controlling device for the automation in the project is a Arduino UNO. The data sent from
PC over Wi-Fi will be received by Wi-Fi module connected to

Arduino UNO. Arduino UNO reads the data and decides the switching action of electrical
devices connected to it through Relays.

The goal of this project is to develop a home automation system that gives the user complete
control over all remotely controllable aspects of his or her home.

The automation system will have the ability to be controlled from a central host PC, the
Internet, and also remotely accessed via a Pocket PC with a Windows Mobile based
application.

The System will also sense the Accidental Gas leakage , water level and will notify the user by
SMS.

12
The Internet of things (IoT) is the extension of Internet connectivity into physical devices and
everyday objects. Embedded with electronics, Internet connectivity, and other forms of
hardware (such as sensors), these devices can communicate and interact with others over the
Internet, and they can be remotely monitored and controlled.[1][2][3][4]
The definition of the Internet of things has evolved due to convergence of multiple
technologies, real-time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded
systems.[5] Traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control
systems, automation (including home and building automation), and others all contribute to
enabling the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IoT technology is most synonymous
with products pertaining to the concept of the "smart home", covering devices and appliances
(such as lighting fixtures, thermostats, home security systems and cameras, and other home
appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be controlled via devices
associated with that ecosystem, such as smartphones and smart speakers.
The IoT concept has faced prominent criticism, especially in regards
to privacy and security concerns related to these devices and their intention of pervasive
presence.

The extensive set of applications for IoT devices] is often divided into consumer,
commercial, industrial, and infrastructure spaces.

Consumer applications
A growing portion of IoT devices are created for consumer use, including connected
vehicles, home automation, wearable technology (as part of Internet of Wearable Things
(IoWT), connected health, and appliances with remote monitoring capabilities.
Smart home
IoT devices are a part of the larger concept of home automation, which can include lighting,
heating and air conditioning, media and security systems.[27][28] Long-term benefits could include
energy savings by automatically ensuring lights and electronics are turned off.
A smart home or automated home could be based on a platform or hubs that control smart
devices and appliances.[29] For instance, using Apple's HomeKit, manufacturers can have their
home products and accessories controlled by an application in iOS devices such as
the iPhone and the Apple Watch.[30][31] This could be a dedicated app or iOS native applications
such as Siri.[32] This can be demonstrated in the case of Lenovo's Smart Home Essentials, which
is a line of smart home devices that are controlled through Apple's Home app or Siri without the
need for a Wi-Fi bridge.[32] There are also dedicated smart home hubs that are offered as
standalone platforms to connect different smart home products and these include the Amazon
Echo, Google Home, Apple's HomePod, and Samsung's SmartThings Hub.[33]
Elder care[edit]
One key application of smart home is to provide assistance for those with disabilities and
elderly individuals. These home systems use assistive technology to accommodate an owner's
specific disabilities.[34] Voice control can assist users with sight and mobility limitations while
alert systems can be connected directly to cochlear implants worn by hearing impaired users.
[35]
They can also be equipped with additional safety features. These features can include sensors
that monitor for medical emergencies such as falls or seizures.[36] Smart home technology
applied in this way can provide users with more freedom and a higher quality of life.[34]
The term "Enterprise IoT" refers to devices used in business and corporate settings. By 2019, it
is estimated that the EIoT will account for 9.1 billion devices.[23]
Commercial application
Medical and healthcare

13
The Internet of Medical Things (also called the internet of health things) is an application of
the IoT for medical and health related purposes, data collection and analysis for research, and
monitoring.[37][38][39][40][41] This 'Smart Healthcare',[42] as it is also called, led to the creation of a
digitized healthcare system, connecting available medical resources and healthcare services. [43]
IoT devices can be used to enable remote health monitoring and emergency notification
systems. These health monitoring devices can range from blood pressure and heart rate
monitors to advanced devices capable of monitoring specialized implants, such as pacemakers,
Fitbit electronic wristbands, or advanced hearing aids.[44] Some hospitals have begun
implementing "smart beds" that can detect when they are occupied and when a patient is
attempting to get up. It can also adjust itself to ensure appropriate pressure and support is
applied to the patient without the manual interaction of nurses.[37] A 2015 Goldman Sachs report
indicated that healthcare IoT devices "can save the United States more than $300 billion in
annual healthcare expenditures by increasing revenue and decreasing cost."[45][46] Moreover, the
use of mobile devices to support medical follow-up led to the creation of 'm-health', used "to
analyze, capture, transmit and store health statistics from multiple resources, including sensors
and other biomedical acquisition systems".[47]
Specialized sensors can also be equipped within living spaces to monitor the health and general
well-being of senior citizens, while also ensuring that proper treatment is being administered
and assisting people regain lost mobility via therapy as well.[48] These sensors create a network
of intelligent sensors that are able to collect, process, transfer, and analyse valuable information
in different environments, such as connecting in-home monitoring devices to hospital-based
systems.[42] Other consumer devices to encourage healthy living, such as connected scales
or wearable heart monitors, are also a possibility with the IoT.[49] End-to-end health monitoring
IoT platforms are also available for antenatal and chronic patients, helping one manage health
vitals and recurring medication requirements.[50]
Advances in plastic and fabric electronics fabrication methods have enabled ultra-low cost, use-
and-throw IoMT sensors. These sensors, along with the required RFID electronics, can be
fabricated on paper or e-textiles for wirelessly powered disposable sensing devices.
[51]
Applications have been established for point-of-care medical diagnostics, where portability
and low system-complexity is essential.[52]
As of 2018 IoMT was not only being applied in the clinical laboratory industry,[39] but also in
the healthcare and health insurance industries. IoMT in the healthcare industry is now
permitting doctors, patients, and others involved (i.e. guardians of patients, nurses, families,
etc.) to be part of a system, where patient records are saved in a database, allowing doctors and
the rest of the medical staff to have access to the patient's information.[43] Moreover, IoT-based
systems are patient-centered, which involves being flexible to the patient's medical conditions.
[43]
IoMT in the insurance industry provides access to better and new types of dynamic
information. This includes sensor-based solutions such as biosensors, wearables, connected
health devices, and mobile apps to track customer behaviour. This can lead to more accurate
underwriting and new pricing models.[53]
The application of the IOT in healthcare plays a fundamental role in managing chronic diseases
and in disease prevention and control. Remote monitoring is made possible through the
connection of powerful wireless solutions. The connectivity enables health practitioners to
capture patient’s data and applying complex algorithms in health data analysis.[54]
Transportation

14
Digital variable speed-limit sign.

Figure:1
The IoT can assist in the integration of communications, control, and information processing
across various transportation systems. Application of the IoT extends to all aspects of
transportation systems (i.e. the vehicle,[55] the infrastructure, and the driver or user). Dynamic
interaction between these components of a transport system enables inter- and intra-vehicular
communication,[56] smart traffic control, smart parking, electronic toll collection
systems, logistic and fleet management, vehicle control, safety and road assistance.[44][57] In
Logistics and Fleet Management for example, an IoT platform can continuously monitor the
location and conditions of cargo and assets via wireless sensors and send specific alerts when
management exceptions occur (delays, damages, thefts, etc.). This can only be possible with the
IoT and its seamless connectivity among devices. Sensors such as GPS, Humidity, and
Temperature send data to the IoT platform and then the data is analyzed and then sent to the
users. This way, users can track the real-time status of vehicles and can make appropriate
decisions. If combined with Machine Learning, then it also helps in reducing traffic accidents
by introducing drowsiness alerts to drivers and providing self-driven cars too.
V2X communications
IoT enables vehicle-to-everything communication (V2X), which consists of three main
components of connected environment: vehicle to vehicle communication (V2V), vehicle to
infrastructure communication (V2I) and vehicle to pedestrian communications (V2P). V2V
empowers vehicles to exchange data, V2I allows them to network with the transport
infrastructure (traffic signs and lights etc.) and V2P senses signals from the users smartphones
to prevent collisions, involving pedestrians. By constantly analyzing real-time data, V2X
designs a transport ecosystem where vehicles, infrastructure and people are interconnected with
each other to keep the environment safe from any type of accidents. V2X is the first step to
autonomous driving and connected road infrastructure that provides connected cars with needed
safety.[citation needed]
Building and home automation
IoT devices can be used to monitor and control the mechanical, electrical and electronic systems
used in various types of buildings (e.g., public and private, industrial, institutions, or residential)
[44]
in home automation and building automation systems. In this context, three main areas are
being covered in literature:[58]
 The integration of the Internet with building energy management systems in order to create
energy efficient and IOT-driven "smart buildings".[58]
 The possible means of real-time monitoring for reducing energy consumption[59] and
monitoring occupant behaviors.[58]
 The integration of smart devices in the built environment and how they might to know how
to be used in future applications.[58]
Industrial applications

15
Manufacturing[edit]
The IoT can realize the seamless integration of various manufacturing devices equipped with
sensing, identification, processing, communication, actuation, and networking capabilities.
Based on such a highly integrated smart cyberphysical space, it opens the door to create whole
new business and market opportunities for manufacturing.[60] Network control and management
of manufacturing equipment, asset and situation management, or manufacturing process
control bring the IoT within the realm of industrial applications and smart manufacturing as
well.[61] The IoT intelligent systems enable rapid manufacturing of new products, dynamic
response to product demands, and real-time optimization of manufacturing production
and supply chain networks, by networking machinery, sensors and control systems together.[44]
Digital control systems to automate process controls, operator tools and service information
systems to optimize plant safety and security are within the purview of the IoT.[62] But it also
extends itself to asset management via predictive maintenance, statistical evaluation, and
measurements to maximize reliability.[63] Smart industrial management systems can also be
integrated with the Smart Grid, thereby enabling real-time energy optimization. Measurements,
automated controls, plant optimization, health and safety management, and other functions are
provided by a large number of networked sensors.[44]
The term industrial Internet of things (IIoT) is often encountered in the manufacturing
industries, referring to the industrial subset of the IoT. IIoT in manufacturing could generate so
much business value that it will eventually lead to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, so the so-
called Industry 4.0. It is estimated that in the future, successful companies will be able to
increase their revenue through Internet of things by creating new business models and improve
productivity, exploit analytics for innovation, and transform workforce.[64] The potential of
growth by implementing IIoT may generate $12 trillion of global GDP by 2030.[64]

Design architecture of cyber-physical systems-enabled manufacturing system

Figure:2
Industrial big data analytics will play a vital role in manufacturing asset predictive maintenance,
although that is not the only capability of industrial big data.[66][67] Cyber-physical
systems (CPS) is the core technology of industrial big data and it will be an interface between
human and the cyber world. Cyber-physical systems can be designed by following
the 5C (connection, conversion, cyber, cognition, configuration) architecture,[65] and it will
transform the collected data into actionable information, and eventually interfere with the
physical assets to optimize processes.
An IoT-enabled intelligent system of such cases was proposed in 2001 and later demonstrated
in 2014 by the National Science Foundation Industry/University Collaborative Research Center
for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) at the University of Cincinnati on
a bandsaw machine in IMTS 2014 in Chicago.[68][69][70]Bandsaw machines are not necessarily

16
expensive, but the bandsaw belt expenses are enormous since they degrade much faster.
However, without sensing and intelligent analytics, it can be only determined by experience
when the band saw belt will actually break. The developed prognostics system will be able to
recognize and monitor the degradation of band saw belts even if the condition is changing,
advising users when is the best time to replace the belt. This will significantly improve user
experience and operator safety and ultimately save on costs.[70]
Agriculture
There are numerous IoT applications in farming[71] such as collecting data on temperature,
rainfall, humidity, wind speed, pest infestation, and soil content. This data can be used to
automate farming techniques, take informed decisions to improve quality and quantity,
minimize risk and waste, and reduce effort required to manage crops. For example, farmers can
now monitor soil temperature and moisture from afar, and even apply IoT-acquired data to
precision fertilization programs.[72]
In August 2018, Toyota Tsusho began a partnership with Microsoft to create fish farming tools
using the Microsoft Azure application suite for IoT technologies related to water management.
Developed in part by researchers from Kindai University, the water pump mechanisms
use artificial intelligence to count the number of fish on a conveyor belt, analyze the number of
fish, and deduce the effectiveness of water flow from the data the fish provide. The
specific computer programs used in the process fall under the Azure Machine Learning and the
Azure IoT Hub platforms.[73]
Infrastructure applications
Monitoring and controlling operations of sustainable urban and rural infrastructures like
bridges, railway tracks and on- and offshore wind-farms is a key application of the IoT.[62] The
IoT infrastructure can be used for monitoring any events or changes in structural conditions that
can compromise safety and increase risk. The IoT can benefit the construction industry by cost
saving, time reduction, better quality workday, paperless workflow and increase in productivity.
It can help in taking faster decisions and save money with Real-Time Data Analytics. It can also
be used for scheduling repair and maintenance activities in an efficient manner, by coordinating
tasks between different service providers and users of these facilities.[44] IoT devices can also be
used to control critical infrastructure like bridges to provide access to ships. Usage of IoT
devices for monitoring and operating infrastructure is likely to improve incident management
and emergency response coordination, and quality of service, up-times and reduce costs of
operation in all infrastructure related areas.[74] Even areas such as waste management can
benefit[75] from automation and optimization that could be brought in by the IoT.[76]
Metropolitan scale deployments
There are several planned or ongoing large-scale deployments of the IoT, to enable better
management of cities and systems. For example, Songdo, South Korea, the first of its kind fully
equipped and wired smart city, is gradually being built, with approximately 70 percent of the
business district completed as of June 2018. Much of the city is planned to be wired and
automated, with little or no human intervention.[77]
Another application is a currently undergoing project in Santander, Spain. For this deployment,
two approaches have been adopted. This city of 180,000 inhabitants has already seen 18,000
downloads of its city smartphone app. The app is connected to 10,000 sensors that enable
services like parking search, environmental monitoring, digital city agenda, and more. City
context information is used in this deployment so as to benefit merchants through a spark deals
mechanism based on city behavior that aims at maximizing the impact of each notification. [78]
Other examples of large-scale deployments underway include the Sino-Singapore Guangzhou
Knowledge City;[79] work on improving air and water quality, reducing noise pollution, and
increasing transportation efficiency in San Jose, California;[80] and smart traffic management in
western Singapore.[81] French company, Sigfox, commenced building an Ultra
Narrowband wireless data network in the San Francisco Bay Area in 2014, the first business to
achieve such a deployment in the U.S.[82][83] It subsequently announced it would set up a total of
17
4000 base stations to cover a total of 30 cities in the U.S. by the end of 2016, making it the
largest IoT network coverage provider in the country thus far.[84][85] Cisco also participates in
smart cities projects. Cisco has started deploying technologies for Smart Wi-Fi, Smart Safety &
Security, Smart Lighting, Smart Parking, Smart Transports, Smart Bus Stops, Smart Kiosks,
Remote Expert for Government Services (REGS) and Smart Education in the five km area in
the city of Vijaywada.[86]
Another example of a large deployment is the one completed by New York Waterways in New
York City to connect all the city's vessels and be able to monitor them live 24/7. The network
was designed and engineered by Fluidmesh Networks, a Chicago-based company developing
wireless networks for critical applications. The NYWW network is currently providing
coverage on the Hudson River, East River, and Upper New York Bay. With the wireless
network in place, NY Waterway is able to take control of its fleet and passengers in a way that
was not previously possible. New applications can include security, energy and fleet
management, digital signage, public Wi-Fi, paperless ticketing and others.[87]
Energy management
Significant numbers of energy-consuming devices (e.g. switches, power outlets, bulbs,
televisions, etc.) already integrate Internet connectivity, which can allow them to communicate
with utilities to balance power generation and energy usage[88] and optimize energy consumption
as a whole.[44] These devices allow for remote control by users, or central management via
a cloud-based interface, and enable functions like scheduling (e.g., remotely powering on or off
heating systems, controlling ovens, changing lighting conditions etc.).[44] The smart grid is a
utility-side IoT application; systems gather and act on energy and power-related information to
improve the efficiency of the production and distribution of electricity.[88] Using advanced
metering infrastructure (AMI) Internet-connected devices, electric utilities not only collect data
from end-users, but also manage distribution automation devices like transformers.[44]
Environmental monitoring
Environmental monitoring applications of the IoT typically use sensors to assist in
environmental protection[89] by monitoring air or water quality,[90] atmospheric or soil
conditions,[91]and can even include areas like monitoring the movements of wildlife and
their habitats.[92] Development of resource-constrained devices connected to the Internet also
means that other applications like earthquake or tsunami early-warning systems can also be
used by emergency services to provide more effective aid. IoT devices in this application
typically span a large geographic area and can also be mobile.[44] It has been argued that the
standardization IoT brings to wireless sensing will revolutionize this area.[93]
Living Lab
Another example of integrating the IoT is Living Lab which integrates and combines research
and innovation process, establishing within a public-private-people-partnership.[94]There are
currently 320 Living Labs that use the IoT to collaborate and share knowledge between
stakeholders to co-create innovative and technological products. For companies to implement
and develop IoT services for smart cities, they need to have incentives. The governments play
key roles in smart cities projects as changes in policies will help cities to implement the IoT
which provides effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy of the resources that are being used. For
instance, the government provides tax incentives and cheap rent, improves public transports,
and offers an environment where start-up companies, creative industries, and multinationals
may co-create, share common infrastructure and labor markets, and take advantages of locally
embedded technologies, production process, and transaction costs.[94] The relationship between
the technology developers and governments who manage city's assets, is key to provide open
access of resources to users in an efficient way.

Trends and characteristics

18
Technology roadmap: Internet of things.

Figure:3

The IoT's major significant trend in recent years is the explosive growth of devices connected
and controlled by the Internet.[95] The wide range of applications for IoT technology mean that
the specifics can be very different from one device to the next but there are basic characteristics
shared by most.
The IoT creates opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-
based systems, resulting in efficiency improvements, economic benefits, and reduced human
exertions.[96][97][98][99]
The number of IoT devices increased 31% year-over-year to 8.4 billion in the year 2017[100] and
it is estimated that there will be 30 billion devices by 2020.[95] The global market value of IoT is
projected to reach $7.1 trillion by 2020.[101]
Intelligence
Ambient intelligence and autonomous control are not part of the original concept of the Internet
of things. Ambient intelligence and autonomous control do not necessarily require Internet
structures, either. However, there is a shift in research (by companies such as Intel) to integrate
the concepts of the IoT and autonomous control, with initial outcomes towards this direction
considering objects as the driving force for autonomous IoT.[102] A promising approach in this
context is deep reinforcement learning where most of IoT systems provide a dynamic and
interactive environment.[103] Training an agent (i.e., IoT device) to behave smartly in such an
environment cannot be addressed by conventional machine learning algorithms such
as supervised learning. By reinforcement learning approach, a learning agent can sense the
environment’s state (e.g., sensing home temperature), perform actions (e.g., turn HVAC on or
off) and learn through the maximizing accumulated rewards it receives in long term.
IoT intelligence can be offered at three levels: IoT devices, Edge/Fog nodes, and Cloud
computing.[104] The need for intelligent control and decision at each level depends on the time
sensitiveness of the IoT application. For example, an autonomous vehicle's camera needs to
make real-time obstacle detection to avoid an accident. This fast decision making would not be
possible through transferring data from the vehicle to cloud instances and return the predictions
back to the vehicle. Instead, all the operation should be performed locally in the vehicle.
Integrating advanced machine learning algorithms including deep learning into IoT devices is
an active research area to make smart objects closer to reality. Moreover, it is possible to get the
most value out of IoT deployments through analyzing IoT data, extracting hidden information,
and predicting control decisions. A wide variety of machine learning techniques have been used
in IoT domain ranging from traditional methods such as regression, support vector machine,
19
and random forest to advanced ones such as convolutional neural networks, LSTM,
and variational autoencoder.[105][104]
In the future, the Internet of Things may be a non-deterministic and open network in which
auto-organized or intelligent entities (web services, SOA components) and virtual objects
(avatars) will be interoperable and able to act independently (pursuing their own objectives or
shared ones) depending on the context, circumstances or environments. Autonomous behavior
through the collection and reasoning of context information as well as the object's ability to
detect changes in the environment (faults affecting sensors) and introduce suitable mitigation
measures constitutes a major research trend,[106] clearly needed to provide credibility to the IoT
technology. Modern IoT products and solutions in the marketplace use a variety of different
technologies to support such context-aware automation, but more sophisticated forms of
intelligence are requested to permit sensor units and intelligent cyber-physical systems to be
deployed in real environments.[107]

20
 CHAPTER NO.02

LITERATURE REVIEW

Literature survey:

Review of Related Literature:

When people think about home automation, most of them may imagine living

in a smart home: One remote controller for every household appliance, cooking

the rice automatically, starting air conditioner automatically, heating water for bath
automatically and shading the window automatically when night coming. To some extent home
automation equals to smart home. They both bring out smart living condition and make our life
more convenient and fast.

Review of Foreign Studies:

In their paper, Tan, Lee and Soh (2002) proposed the development of an Internet-based system
to allow monitoring of important process variables from a distributed control system (DCS).
This paper proposes hardware and software design considerations which enable the user to
access the process variables on the DCS, remotely and effectively

Potamitis, Georgila, Fakotakis, and Kokkinakis, G. (2003) suggested the use of speech to
interact remotely with the home appliances to perform a particular action on behalf of the user.
The approach is inclined for people with disability to perform real-life operations at home by

directing appliances through speech. Voice separation strategy is selected to take appropriate
decision by speech recognition

In the year 2006 , S. M. Anamul Haque,S. M. Kamruzzaman and Md. Ashraful Islam proposed a
system entitled “A System for Smart-Home Control of Appliances Based on Time and Speech
21
Interaction” that controls the home appliances using the personal computer. This system is
developed by using the Visual Basic 6.0 as programming language and Microsoft voice engine
tools for speech recognition purpose. Appliances can be either controlled by timer or by voice
command.

Ciubotaru-Petrescu, Chiciudean, Cioarga, and Stanescu (2006) present a design and

implementation of SMS based control for monitoring systems. The paper has three modules
involving sensing unit for monitoring the complex applications. A processing unit, that is
microcontroller and a communication module that uses GPRS modem or cell phone via serial
port RS-232. The SMS is used for status reporting such as power failure.

Jawarkar, Ahmed, Ladhake, and Thakare (2008) propose remote monitoring through mobile
phone involving the use of spoken commands. The spoken commands are generated and sent in
the form of text SMS to the control system and then the microcontroller on the basis of SMS
takes a decision of a particular task.

Prof. Era Johri Dept. Of Information And Technology K.J.Somaiya College Of Engineering
VIDYAVIHAR, MUMBAI “Remote Controlled Home Automation Using Android Application
via WiFi Connectivity”.

22
ZIGBEE BASED HOTEL MENUCARD ORDERING SYSTEM

The system mainly aims in designing completely automated menu system in restaurants with the
help of touch screen sensor and a color graphical LCD to provide a user friendly environment.
There is no need of a person to take the order from the customer’s table. The menu will be
displayed automatically on the customer’s table and we can directly order the menu with the
help of either touch screen sensor . Touch screens provide fast access to all types of digital
media, with no text-bound interface getting in the way. Using a touch interface it can effectively
increase operator accuracy, reduce training time, and improve overall operational efficiencies.
Transmission of data is through Zig-bee which is a wireless technology developed as an open
global standard to address the unique needs of low-cost, low-power, wireless sensor networks.

Keywords— The ARM Cortex-M3 micro-controller, Touch screen, LCD display module, Zigbee
modul

Zigbee based hotel menu card ordering system involves developing a prototype for customer
self-ordering system in restaurants. Ordering is a process of the customers specifying what they
want, so that the order can be recorded by using a note form, or computer system and many
others, followed by passing it to the relevant department for processing and finally the delivery
of services or products to the customers based on the order.

Self-ordering system is very successful when applied in different restaurants in many countries
and it is proven to benefit most of the investors .This system cuts down the manpower for taking
the order from the customer. Touch screens as a popular user interface are more and more
common. Applications span from public information systems to Customer self-service terminals.
Thus, as a Logical step, more and more devices today Feature this kind of user interface, e.g.
Bank Automatic teller machines (ATMs), personal Digital assistants (PADs), mobile phones
and displays. A touch screen is a display that can detect the presence and location of a touch
within the display area. Let’s one do so without requiring any intermediate device, again, such
as a stylus that needs to be held in the hand. Such displays can be attached to computers or, as
terminals, to its networks. Therefore it is very suitable for restaurant & time saving. It enables
one to interact with what is displayed directly on the screen, where it is displayed, rather than
indirectly call the waiter & ordered the menu. These devices also allow multiple users to
interact with the touch screen simultaneously. Touch based interfaces have been around for a
long time in consumer electronic devices, and even longer in research labs, but it has only been
recently that the wider public has taken a keen interest in this mode of human-computer
interaction.

The touch screen is an assistive technology. This interface can be beneficial because it is time
saving. The purpose of this system is to introduce a wireless Zigbee based ordering systems for
restaurants. Compared to traditional restaurant system, by using this system customer get faster
and better service, restaurant staff co-operates more efficiently with less working mistakes and
enterprise owner thus receives more business profit. GLCD-Touchpad Based Restaurant
Ordering & Automatic serving System is a concept with a new innovative idea in the field of
Hospitality Industry. The concept of this system has conceived in mind on observing take away
fast food out lets , M.C. Donald counters, Sub Way counters, Punch screens at various fast food
restaurants etc The concept is we can browse the menus/sub-menus by jus fingertip.

23
Automation is the Technology Concerned with Application of Mechanical, electronics &
computer based systems to operate & control production. Due to advancement in technology we
have seen atomization of many things. We have seen an atomized vending machine which will
serve a hot or soft drinks, Chocolates &many things. There is automation of tickets on railway
station. So into day’s world due increased demand and competition we need to serve the people
as user friendly as fast as possible. In restaurants menu cards are available on each table .We
can refer it & place our order to waiter. But we never noticed disadvantages of this
conventional method. You need to wait for the waiter to attend to you. Even it becomes difficult
for the restaurant manager to keep the changing prices on menu card. At the same time adding
the new menu to the same card becomes tedious job for anyone who is responsible for this job
since changing menu card within less time may result in cost rise.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY

The journey for getting up to the peak of joy and facilities that we are presently experiencing
started with initial footstep of a wireless technology. The introductions of basic proposed
systems and consequent developments have been mentioned here.In the existing system, order is
taken from the customer manually by a written note or by an i-pad which needs a person to go
near the table, show the menu card and ask for the order. After placing the order, the person
will pass the information to the concerned section and the order is delivered accordingly to the
customer [1].

The analysis shows that the scarcity of wireless ordering system for the medium-sized hotels
directly leads to promoteslowly. Through comparing with different grades of E-Menu ordering
systems, the key difference lies in selection of ordering terminal and wireless communication. In
this paper, the development of wireless handheld terminal is based on the Software-hardware
platform of ARM7 (LPC2148) and, using ZigBee short-range wireless communication
technologies.“ZigBee Based E-Menu Ordering System” In This paper a new design scheme of
the EMenu ordering terminal applied to middle and small hotel is proposed.[2]

The “Development of wireless ordering systemfor hotel”.This work presented in-depth analysis
on the technical operation of microcontroller and zigbee module based Wireless Ordering
System (WOS) including systems architecture, function and limitations. [3]

In this system“AutomatedRestaurant Management System’’ which works as a link between

waiters to provide optimum quick and effective and almost effortless services to the hotels and
restaurants.[5]

Touch screen based ordering system &displaying system for restaurantIntention of this
proposed method is to promote a cost effective system which could work only in small-scale
restaurants that are not

willing to invest huge amount of fund in these systems.[4]

Implementation of Smart Restaurant withe-menu CardThis paper highlighted the limitations of

the existing technologies and proposed the advanced system, which focuses on low cost touch-
screen development to enhance the dining experience.[7]

The traditional paper based system was one of the most extensively used systems worldwide. In
this system all records need to be stored on paper. However, this system is associated with
various problems [6].

Some of the problems are mentioned below:

24
The most common stumble is that waiters may make mistakes with customers \ orders. At times,
a waiter can forget to add a specific item ordered by the customers and make changes and
forget to give the order to the kitchen.
 In order to determine whether the food is ready or
not the waitersneed to constantly

check with the chefs. Conversely, chef needs to make sure waitersknow
that food is
ready. This can cause the food to get cold over time and lead to potential foodpoisoning.
Customers must rely on the waiter to remember order and specific food details provided by
them. In
addition to that the food ordered by the customers may
take
much time to be prepared and served if the waiter has multiple tables.

Impatient customers also call over the waiters/waitress frequently to find out the status of their
order several times during their visit, wasting the waiter’s service time.
Keeping track of empty, clean and reserved tables within a restaurant.

They also require re-printing of menus when food is not available or a price needs to be
changed. This can be costly and timeconsuming

3. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

The following is a schematic of transmitter section of Design of Restaurant Self-Ordering

system based on Zig-bee using ARM.

25
3.1 ARM Cortex-M3.

The ARM Cortex-M3 32-bit micro-controller has been specifically developed to provide a high-
performance, low-cost platform for a broad range of applications, including microcontrollers,
automotive body systems, industrial control systems and wireless networking. The Cortex-M3
processor is a 32-bit processor, with a 32-bit wide data path, register bank and memory
interface. LPC 1768 has 512 KB flash memory and 64KB data memory

The processor is a low-power processor that features low gate count, low interrupt latency, and
low-cost debug. It is intended for deeply embedded applications that require fast interrupt
response features. The processor implements the ARM architecture v7-M.

The processor incorporates: Processor core. A low gate count core, with low latency interrupt
processing that features:

ARMv7-M. A Thumb®-2 Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) subset, consisting of all base
Thumb-2 instructions, 16-bit and 32-bit, and excluding blocks for media, Single Instruction
Multiple Data (SIMD), enhanced Digital Signal Processor (DSP) instructions (E variants), and
ARM system access.

Banked Stack Pointer (SP) only.

Hardware divide instructions, SDIV and UDIV (Thumb-2 instructions).
Handler and Thread modes
Thumb and Debug states.
Interruptible-continued LDM/STM, PUSH/POP for low interrupt latency.
Automatic processor state saving and restoration for low latency Interrupt

Table No. 3.1: Specifications of ARM Cortex-M3.

Architecture Armv7-M Harvard

Thumb/
ISA Support Thumb-2

Pipeline 3-stage
Optional 8 region MPU with sub regions and
Memory Protection
background region

Non-maskable Interrupt (NMI) + 1 to 240 physical

Interrupts
interrupts

26
 Interrupt Priority Levels 8 to 256 priority levels
Wake-up Interrupt Controller Up to 240 Wake-up Interrupts
Integrated WFI and WFE Instructions and Sleep On

Exit capability.

Sleep Modes Sleep & Deep Sleep Signals.

Optional Retention Mode with Arm Power

Management Kit

Bit Manipulation Integrated Instructions & Bit Banding

Hardware Divide (2-12 Cycles), Single-Cycle
(32x32)
Enhanced Instructions
Multiply, Saturated Math Support
Optional JTAG and Serial Wire Debug ports. Up to
8

Debug
Breakpoints and 4 Watchpoints.
Optional Instruction and Data Trace (ETM), Data

Trace Trace (DWT), and Instrumentation Trace (ITM)

LCD (Graphical Liquid Crystal Display)

GLCD is a colored TFT graphical LCD with a touch screen module which enables the
customers to select their option through touch. It has 100MHz frequency, 64KB of SRAM and
512KB flash.

The handheld ordering terminal implements human computer interaction by 128x64

GLCD and touch screen. There is a high performance GLCD Controller integrated on chip.
CPU transfers pixel data to GLCD screen. The terminal uses 4-wire resistive touch screen.
S3C44B0X need sampling to judge whether a touch screen has been touched. FM7843 is a 4-
wire resistive touch screen input controller integrated circuit which is widely applied to small
portable devices battery powered. The device is a 12-bit analog-to-digital converter with a

27
 ITEM DIMENSION UNIT

Number of charectors 128 x 64 Dos -

Module dimension 72.0 x 52.7 x 8.9(Max) Mm

View area 6.0 x 32.6 Mm

Active area 55.0 x 27.48 Mm

Dot size 0.41 x 0.41 Mm

Dot pitch 0.44 x 0.44 Mm

LCD type STN Negative, transmissive , blue

Duty 1/64

View direction 6 o’clock

Backlight type Edge LED white

Zig-bee.

Zig-bee is a wireless device which communicates between transmitter and receiver.

Zig-Bee is a standard that defines a set of communication protocols for low data-rate short-
range wireless networking. Zig-Bee based wireless device operates in 868 MHz, 915 MHz,
and 2.4 GHz frequency bands. The maximum data rate is 250 Kbps.

28
 The ZigBee network is defined by the ZigBee Alliance and based on the IEEE
802.15.4 standard, which is target data RF embedded applications that require a low data
rate, long battery life and secure networking. It is intended to operate in the 2.4GHz
unlicensed ISM band [1 -2]. There is no large numbers of data which need to convey between
the wireless ordering terminal build-in ZigBee module and the center node, and because of
having no high requirement of data rate, so ZigBee is well suited for wireless ordering
system. Each ZigBee modules includes an IEEE 802.15.4-compliant radio, an 8051
microcontroller, programmable I/O, flexible antenna and range solutions, Transmit range is
up to 300m, which can meet the demand of wireless ordering system completely.

ZigBee module can be configured in star, mesh, and cluster tree network topologies.
IP-Net includes support for our innovative ‘serial mesh mode’, allowing RS232/RS485 data
streams to be transmitted over multiple hops to improve data reliability and increase
transmission range. ZigBee Wireless network of restaurant which is configured in star
topology. In this routing topology, data traffic and network commands are routed through a
central node. Peripheral nodes require direct radio contact with the central node. An
ordering end device acted as a peripheral node in the network is an RFD, it have stringent
requirements for low power and memory space. An IEEE 802.15.4 network requires at least
one FFD usually line powered to act as a network coordinator. The coordinator sets up a
network, initializes a network, manages network nodes, stores network nodes information,
and transmits to control center server via RS232.

Table No. 3.3: Specifications of Zigbee Module

RF data rate 250 kbps

Indoor/urban range 133ft. (40 m)

Outdoor/fry line-of-sight range 400 ft. (120 m)

Transmit power 1.25 mw (+1 dB)

Receiver sensitivity (1% per) 97 dBs

Serial data interface 3.3v cmosuart

29
 Configuration method API or at commands, local or over-the-air

Frequency band: 2.4 GHz

Interference immunity DSSS

(direct sequence spread spectrum)

Serial data rate 1200 bps - 1 mbps

ADC inputs 10-bit ADC inputs

Digital I/O :10

Voice Recognition Module.

The VRBot module is designed to easily add versatile voice command functionality to
the project. The VRBot can be powered by anywhere between 3.3 and 5.5V, and typically
consumes 12mA of current in operation. The VRbot module provides users with 26 built-in
Speaker Independent commands that allow basic control of robot movement straight out-of-
thebox. The following is a schematic of receiver section of Design of Restaurant Self-
Ordering system based on Zig-bee using ARM.

30
Figure 3.4: Schematic of receiver section of Design of Restaurant Self-Ordering system based
on Zig-bee using ARM.

ARM LPC 2148.

ARM LPC2148 is a 64 pin Micro Controller which comes under ARM 7 version of
ARM processors. It comes under the processor core architecture ARM7TDMI-S. It is a 32 bit
Micro Controller .This is intended for high end applications involving complex computations.
It follows the enhanced RISC architecture. It has high performance and very low power
consumption. It has serial communications interfaces ranging from a USB 2.0 Full Speed
device, multiple UARTS, SPI, and I2Cs. Various 32-bit timers, dual 10-bit ADC(s), single 10-
bit DAC, PWM channels and 45 fast GPIO lines with 9 interrupt pins. 32 + 8 kB of on-chip
static RAM and 512 Kb of on-chip flash program memory.

• In-System/In-Application Programming (ISP/IAP) via on-chip boot-loader software. Single

flash sector or full chip erase in 400 ms and programming of 256 bytes in 1ms.

31
 • EmbeddedICE RT and Embedded Trace interfaces offer real-time debugging with the
on-chip Real Monitor software and high speed tracing of instruction execution.
• One or two 10-bit A/D converters provide a total of 6/14analog inputs, with conversion
times as low as 2.44 us per channel.
• Single 10-bit D/A converter provides variable analog output.
• Two 32-bit timers/external event counters (with four capture and four compare channels
each), PWM unit (six outputs) and watchdog.
• Low power real-time clock with independent power and dedicated 32 kHz clock input.
• Multiple serial interfaces including two UARTs (16C550), two Fast I2C-bus(400 kbit/s), SPI
and SSP with buffering and variable data length capabilities.
• Vectored interrupt controller with configurable priorities and vector addresses.
• Up to 45 of 5 V tolerant fast general purpose I/O pins in a tiny LQFP64 package.
• Up to nine edge or level sensitive external interrupt pins available.
• On-chip integrated oscillator operates with an external crystal in range from 1 MHz to30
MHz and with an external oscillator up to 50 MHz.
• Power saving modes include Idle and Power-down.
• Individual enable/disable of peripheral functions as well as peripheral clock scaling
foradditional power optimization.
• Processor wake-up from Power-down mode via external interrupt, USB, Brown-Out Detect
(BOD) or Real-Time Clock (RTC).

LCD.

One of the most common devices attached to a micro controller is an LCD display.
Some of the most common LCD’s connected to the many microcontrollers are 16x2 and 20x2
displays. This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines,
respectively. The LCD requires 3 control lines as well as either 4 or 8 I/O lines for the data
bus. The user may select whether the LCD is to operate with a 4-bit data bus or an 8-bit data
bus.

Buzzer.

Basically, buzzer works on the sound source of a piezoelectric sound component. To

interface abuzzer the standard transistor interfacing circuit is used. Note that if a different
power supply is used for the buzzer, the 0V rails of each power supply must be connected to
provide a common reference.

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

4.1 Keil software

4.2 Embedded ‘C’

32
 4.3 Flash magic

We use Kiel software to write the program andexecute it, program is written in the
embedded ‘c’ language, after completion of executing the program hex file program is
dumped into the controller using flash magic

Keil software

It is an IDE for various microcontrollers such as 8051, ARM family microcontrollers.

It is an integrated tool with all the requirements for programming of a microcontroller. It
is having a text editor for writing the program code in it. It is having a compiler/debugger
for error checking. And also having the Hex file generator for converting the code into
binary format for writing it into microcontroller . It provides a programming platform for
various microcontrollers with all their library headers.

Embedded C

Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by the

C Standards Committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions
for different embedded systems. Historically, embedded C programming requires
nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such as
fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations.

In 2008, the C Standards Committee extended the C language to address these issues
by providing a common standard for all implementations to adhere to.It includes a
number of features not available in normal C, such as, fixed-point arithmetic, named
address spaces, and basic I/O hardware addressing.Embedded C uses most of the syntax
and semantics of standard C, e.g., main() function, variable

definition, datatype declaration, conditional statements (if, switch case), loops (while,
for), functions, arrays and strings, structures and union, bit operations, macros, etc

Flash magic

After writing the code in IDE, compiling and debugging will be completed in IDE
itself. The next step is to write the binary form of the code into microcontroller’s flash
memory. Flash magic is the tool that provides the writing Hex file into flash memory
through UART interface to the computer’s COM port. As the LPC2148 is having the
internal ISP feature which enables the programmer write the code directly into the
microcontroller without using any extra device.

The additional software tools used for implementation of this system is uC Flash.
This is also a programming tool for 8051 microcontrollers but it is very specific to a
programming device of that particular manufacturer. We are not giving much description
about this tool because of the programming device is chosen by the user availability and
the tool will changes according to the device used.

33
WORKING

In the proposed system, Zig-bee is used to transmit the data from transmitter to the receiver.
There are two ARM Micro-controllers each at transmitter (customer table) and receiver
(kitchen). Whenever a customer comes to a table, they can select their order with the help of
a Graphical LCD with touch screen provided. This GLCD displays MENU items with its
corresponding images or pictures, so the customer has the choice of selecting the item with
its picture. As soon as the customer selects the item, it will be displayed on the LCD provided
in the receiver section. A person can also make his selection of the item through voice where
the transmitter is provided with a Mic.

In this system, there are two sections

a)System with user or customer
b)System with responder or service provider

a)System with user:

When we switch the controller board initially we get the display of food items images
on the TFT graphical LCD along with food item numbers. There are two selection enable
options at the below end of the TFT graphical LCD. In this system, there are two ways to
provide the order. The selection option is used to select whether the input is from voice mode
or touch mode. When the user enables the voice mode option, then this system mainly selects
the input based upon the speech commands given by the user. So, it is mandatory that the
user’s voice is to be given clearly and correctly near the microphone. Since the main
objective is to transmit the data to the receiver section. When the user is done with the giving
of selected item input, the word number corresponding to it is displayed their as confirmation
and the same input is transmitted to the receiver section using wireless communication zigbee
module.

When the user selects the touch mode then the touch screen module is enabled and
when the user selects the food item on the image displayed on TFT graphical LCD, then the
item numbers is displayed on it. The corresponding item number selected by the user is
transmitted using zigbee module. The intermediate communication module is Zigbee module
which makes the communication between the user or customer system at the table end and
system at responder or service provider at receiving department.
34
b) System with the service provider/responder

35
 The Zigbee module present in this system also receives the word that is transmitted by
the Zigbee module present in the system with user. As soon as it receives the word, it sends it
to the microcontroller. The ARM LPC 2148 micro controller which is at the receiver section
takes the responsibility to display the menu items on the LCD. At the receiving end the
selected items will be displayed on LCD with user table number

ADVANTAGES, DIS-ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS

Advantages

1.This system cuts down the manpower for taking the order from the customer
2. Compared to traditional restaurant system, by using this system customer get faster
and better service, restaurant staff co-operates more efficiently with less working
mistakes
3.Enterprise owner thus receives more business profit.
4.It is Cost efficient system than the other hotel ordering system
5. Transmission of data is through Zig-bee which is a wirelesstechnology developed as an
open globalstandard to address the unique needs oflow-cost, low-power, wireless
sensornetworks.
6. A person can also make his selection of the item through voice where the transmitter is
provided with a Mic.

Dis-Advantage
1.The draw back of the system is that it does not give feed back of the requests to the user.

Application
1. Self-ordering system is very successful in different restaurants,
2.This system also can be used in malls and college canteen

FUTURE SCOPE

36
 The main draw back of the system is it does not give the feed back of the requests to
the user. This can be eliminated using GSM modem which sends the SMS messages about the
requests to the manager when the responder does not respond to the requests of the user.

The system can also extend using smart card technology through which the bill
payment can be done based on the smart ATM debit or credit cards directly. The printer can
directly issue bills to the customers at tables only. This provides a time saving process and
avoids a cash counter for it.

The customer can visualize the order and bill, administrator has the authority to
change the menu and has authority to view daily, weekly or monthly report on profits and
lastly the kitchen staff can prepare and serve the order. Apart from these functions there are
some limitations in this system like Provisions have to be made to accept different types of
payment like credit cards, debit cards, checks, tips, donations etc. More features could be
added like online
CONCLUSION

Integrating features of all the hardware components used have been developed in
it. Presence of every module has been reasoned out and placed carefully, thus contributing
to the best working of the unit. Secondly, using highly advanced IC’s with the help of
growing technology, the project has been successfully implemented. Thus the system has
been successfully designed and tested.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It gives me immense pleasure to express my gratitude to Ms.S.A.Meshram , my guide

who provided me constructive criticism and a positive feedback during the preparation of this
paper. I also express my sincere gratitude to seminar co-ordinator Mr.V.M.Kakade for his
support in this paper.

I am indebted to Dr.K.N.Kasat, Head of Department and other teaching and non-

teaching staff of PRMCEAM, Badnera who were always there whenever I needed any help.
Without them and their co-operation completion of this paper work would have been
inevitable and their presence behind me is totally indispensable.

37
Digital Menu Card For Restaurant
Abstract - The advancement in data and communication technology has greatly influenced the
business transactions. In earlier days, food industry has lagged behind alternative industries
in adopting new technology. But speedy advances in technology and heightened expectations
of customers and have forced the food industry to bring automation within the method.
Nowadays, the adoption of wireless technology and emergence of mobile devices has crystal
rectifier to automation within the food industry. The business and services in restaurants are
often improved with the mixture of wireless and mobile technologies. The competition in
restaurants with regard to business has redoubled with the advancements in food ordering
techniques. In this paper, an automatic food ordering system is proposed which is able to
keep track of user orders and have implemented some data mining techniques for analyzing
the data with respect to future perspective. The implementation of proposed application uses
java and android as the front end and at the backend MySQL database is used.

INTRODUCTION

The basic compilation in the food service industry is that diners are not actualizing
competence that would consequence from improved utilization of technology in their daily
operations. The earlier food ordering system was entirely a hand-operated process which
involved waiters, pen and paper. The waiter had to take down pattern from habitué, take these
patterns to kitchen, refurbish them in records and produce bill. Even though this setup is
plain it may associate personal glitch in taking down the orders. There are many
argumentations leading to the annoyance including being banqueted late in terms of order
taking by the waiter and serve luncheon. To overcome this circumspection in hand-operated
system, multi-palpable restaurant management system is prospective in this paper to imbrue
food ordering process.

The food restaurant with automated food ordering system will be equipped with a user-
friendly touch screen, display screen in the kitchen, and software for completing the process
at the backend. For this integral there will be a system bureaucrat who will have the
immunity to enter the menu with their current rampant prices.

The system admin can enter anytime in the system by a secured system password to
innovation of the cuisine contents by enumerating or expunge an item or changing its price.
Now when the customer enters the restaurant, customer will place his order with the aid of
the contact to the screen using the visceral graphical user interface, right

from the selection of menu items, confirming the order and viewing offers. The customer will
select from the food options according to his choice and the system will display the payment
amount customer has to make once finished with the order.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Here an appliance of assimilation of hotel management systems by web services

mechanization is presented. Digital Hotel Management assimilates lots of structure of hotel
industry such as Ordering System Kitchen Order Ticket (KOT), Billing System, Customer
Relationship Management system (CRM) together. This assimilated elucidate can enumerate
or expand hotel software system in any size of hotel chains environment. This structure
increases quality and speed of service. This structure also surge aallurement of place for
large range of customers. Enforcing this structure gives a tariff-efficient contingency to give
your clients a personalized service experience where they are in control choosing what they
want, howbeit they want it – from dining to ordering to payment and feedback.

38
The proposal nonce in-depth on the specialized operation of the Wireless Ordering System
(WOS) including systems architecture, function, constraint and endorsements. It is believed
that with the increase in adopting of handheld device e.g. PDAs in restaurants, omnipresent
application will become a significant tool for restaurants to improve the management facet by
exploiting PDAs to counterpart food ordering could escalate adequate for restaurants and
caterers by preserving time, curtail personal errors and by providing higher aspect customer
service. With the consolidation of simple design and promptly available turn up
communications technologies, it can be wrapped u that this system is an alluring solution for
the affability industry.

PROPOSED SYSTEM

In this system customer orders the food by using android based touchpad. Figure shows the
system architecture, which cover three main areas of the restaurant: the serving area, the
restaurant owner’s working desk (cashier table), and the kitchen. Customer first orders the
food from the touchpad looking at various combination of food which is further carried to the
kitchen for fulfilling the order and the same is passed for billing at each customer’s tablet.

ollowing are the major system functionalities in the proposed system-

Tablet on Table

There will be a tablet on each table. This will grant the customers to peruse the food items as
many times as they wish. Customer can view the suggestions for a particular menu item
generated by the system. Customer can enter his/her details during bill payment. This helps
the Restaurant owner to analyze the service and can notify the customer regarding different
offers through messages or emails.

Suggestions for Customer

The diner admin can post various consolidations of menu items on tablet. This will help the
client to place the best order and escalate sales.

Attractive Presentation

39
The Menu is organized in an attractive way. There are images of every food item which will
make the view of customers clearer about how the food will look like after delivery. There is
an attractive use of various themes and color schemes.

Modifiable Menu

The menu can be modified by the Admin manager.

Admin manager can add, update, and delete menu items.

Market basket analysis for a restaurant.

Generating frequent item sets from the previous placed orders and suggesting their
combinations to customers, this knowledge can also be used for promoting the other non-
frequent items.

Customer relationship management

Based on the classification in k-means appropriate text messages are sent to customers
offering them attractive discounts and other suitable deals.

SYSTEM RESULT

The proposed system has two web operation and an android operation. One web operation
will be a Admin module which will be used by the restaurant admin to maintain the cuisine
card of the diner and bill generation. This module will be connected to the android
application running on the tablet. The admin module will use different data digging
techniques like apriori and k-means for inquiry purpose. Second web operation will be used
by the customers who wish to order food online. The bill payment of ordered food will be
handled through cash on delivery basis. Lastly the proposed system will have an android
application which will be running on tablets kept in cafeteria. The customers can view menu
card through the application and can place order accordingly. The customer will get
recommendations on the application and can request for the bill also.

Some screenshots of system has been shown below.

Screenshot showing the subcategories in vegetarian menu on android application.

40
 FUTURE WORK
In future, work can be done on providing an embedded alarm whenever the order has
done. The system can be further extended to register and link multiple restaurants to
enhance the dining experience of customers. The module of stock maintenance and raw
material management can tallied to the current system to ease the work of diner admin.
6. CONCLUSION
This system is customizable system therefore it can be customized for the various types of
restaurant. Online payment system for debit & credit card is added in this system. The
implementation of such type of proposed automatedsystem will minimize the number of
employees at the back of the counter. Also, the system will help to reduce the cost of labor. As
there are lots of orders at the restaurants, there is possibility of human errors during
calculations or taking orders. By using this system, such type of errors can be eliminated and
controlled up to some level. The proposed system would lure customers and also adds to the
adaptability of maintaining food orders at different tables in the restaurant. Another
advantage of the automated food ordering system is that the system will be available 24x7, by
the virtue of tappliance is not going to take any sick or vacation leave. The proposed system
will have an admin module which will help the restaurant owner to get the required
analysis.

41
Automatic Menu Ordering System Using Zigbee and Arm Processor

The main aim in the present field is Automation, reduce Power consumption and also reduce
the cost. Automation is necessary to reduce man power. Wireless communication has become
an important role in the field of automation. Combination of an embedded system and
wireless communication used in designing of various applications ranging from home
automation to industrial automation. The aim to substitute the traditional pen and paper
method by the automating menu ordering system to save the time consume by traditional
menu ordering system. We use ZigBee pro and SQL Server database to develop the automatic
ordering system. Due to this system customer can easily order the food from table. Also the
serving of food is easier and serves on first come first serve basis. Also manager get all the
information of food material available after every order in the kitchen.
Introduction

In almost every area, technology has changed traditional ways. At present, all most all the
restaurant use pen and paper to take order from customer. This waste lot of time and also
time requires sending that order to the kitchen is also more. To solve these problems, we
designed an automatic menu ordering system. It will improve the quality of services.

In this project, we use ZigBee pro with My SQL Server database to develop the automatic
menu ordering system. This system will fatly send food order to the kitchen and serve the food
according to the order. It will give total information of order given by customer &
information of food material to the manager. It will also give the total information of raw
material available in the kitchen and also update that information after every order. This will
reduce the task of manager to go into the kitchen every time and avoid in sufficiency.
Literature Review

In this system they used Zigbee CC2530 with My SQL server database and Visual Studio C#.
All the information of meals and account firstly recorded in this system and manager can get
all the information from this system. The customer is track by 15693 RFID TAG as ID card.
They get table number and meals information from this tag. The counter uses this system to
take orders of customer, and then at kitchen side all this meal information is received.

When the customers enter into the restaurant they get E-tag from the counter. They can
choose any seat from this E-tag and then put that E-tag on sensing module on the table. This
module will give all the information to system by Zigbee. From this tag system identify the
position of the Customer. Then waiter will serve the food according to the priorities [1].

The proposed system is a basically a combination of wireless communication system, a

database, and an android application to place the order [2]. The android application is used
by the touch screen device which fitted at the table. This android application contains all the
information related to menu like picture of food item. The ordered details are sent to the
kitchen and the cashier by wireless system. Android application at the manager side is used to
update the menu a central Database, view and manage table wise customer’s orders, and
receive feedbacks from the customer [3].
The proposed paper highlights some of the limitations of PDA-based food ordering system
and given the solution by multi-touchable E-restaurant system. Customer has to give the
order using multi-touchable dining table. This order is send to all parts of the restaurant. In

42
kitchen chefs can make food according to order. Cashier can make a bill. Manager also used
this to evaluate business status like making changes to the food item. Adobe Flash Action
Script 3, PHP scripting and My SQL database was used to build this system [2].

Problem Evolution

Now a day everybody goes to the hotel or restaurant. At that time they have to spend too
much time to give the order with pen and paper system. For that purpose they also have to
wait for the waiter. To overcome this problem we had designed the system named as
automatic menu ordering system. With the help of our system we had tried to reduce the task
of manager by inventory management system [4,5].

System architecture

System architecture is basically divided into two parts first one is user side and second is
kitchen side. User side is a transmitter which includes touchpad, LCD, Zigbee, ARM
processor to give the order. At kitchen side LCD, keys, Zigbee is used to receive order and
give the reply to user (Figures 1 and 2).

Ordering table/user area

Ordering table is the transmitter in our system from which customer can give their order. List
of menu is shown to the customer on the table. From that menu customer have to select their
order using touchpad. After giving all the order customer have to confirm their order, after
confirmation that order is send to the kitchen and at the manager’s place. This all
transmission is done by using Zigbee Module.

43
Kitchen area

Kitchen area is the receiver side of the system. In kitchen buzzer gives information about the
new order placed by the customer also order is display on the LCD in the kitchen. Whenever
order is received at the kitchen reply is given to the customer immediately and food serve
according to the first come first serve basis.

Manager area

On manager computer all the information of orders given by customer is received. It also
includes the information of food material available after every order in the kitchen. For
security purpose login ID and Password is needed. Manager can change its Password.
Manager can manage all the activity in the restaurant using this system. Manger can add any
new food item. Bill is also display at manager side.

System Design

The components used to make this system are:

LPC 2138: This is ARM Microcontroller used for controlling the various operation. This is
the main part of this project. The other component is interface with the microcontroller. It
provides the various features useful for project.

Zigbee: Zigbee is used as transreceiver. It is used at transmitter for sending the order and
receives the reply from the kitchen. At receiver it is used for receiving order from user and
sends the reply. All this is wireless communication.

Touchpad: Touchpad is clear sheet of plastic with tiny sensors that detect the pressure from
either fingertip or a pointing device. Here it is used for give an order. By touching at noted
point customer can select quantity of that order, confirm the order and send the order to
kitchen side.

LCD: LCD is Liquid Crystal Display. There are different types of LCD available in the
market. Here 16x2 LCD is used.
At transmitter LCD is used for display the menu and other information like bill etc. At
receiver it is used for display the menu send by customer.

Flow of System

The system is start from the customer’s table. When the customer is sit on the table system is
initialize and display the name of system. The various menus are display on LCD display;
customer has to select the quantity of particular food item by pressing noted point on
touchpad. If customer wants to increase the quantity then again press the touchpad. After
selecting quantities of the entire food items bill is display on the screen. This order is now
send to the kitchen side using zigbee. At kitchen after receiving order reply is given to the
customer using keypad. Customer is received reply of unavailable food item. Then customer
again have to reply back to confirm the order. Then food is served according to the order.

The order is also send to the manger also. At manager side after login web page is open
which include all the information related to restaurant. Manager can add the food item, check

44
the bill, change username password, and see the remaining food material in the kitchen in
short manage all the activity.

Result

This is the result of hardware of this project, which include order display at customer side
(Figure 3) and order display at receiver side (Figure 4).

Below two figures shows the result of software or GUL of project which home page before
login (Figure 5), Home page after login (Figure 6). Figure 6 shows some tag at left side this
is the page which manger can access after login which include add food item, change
password page.

Conclusion

This menu ordering system provides an automatic ordering using touchpad; also provide the
bill at table after putting an order on display. This Systematic process of ordering food avoids
human error that caused due to traditional pen and paper method. This system reduces time
taken for order the food. It also avoid the food material availability problem by providing all
the information of orders and remaining food material after every order to the manager. In
the future, the ordering

system will be implemented on hotels and restaurant.

45
46
 CHAPTER NO.03

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

Arduino:-

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14

digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz

ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It

contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer

with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.The Uno

differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip.

47
Instead, it features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-

to-serial converter.

The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital

input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz

quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It

contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer

with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started..

"Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE)

1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of

Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB

Arduino boards.

Microcontroller ATmega328P

Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limit) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

PWM Digital I/O Pins 6

Analog Input Pins 6

48
DC Current per I/O Pin 20 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328P)

of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328P)

EEPRO
M 1 KB (ATmega328P)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Length 68.6 mm

Width 53.4mm

Weight 25 g.

Arduino Code:-

#include "SoftwareSerial.h"

#define DEBUG true

49
SoftwareSerial esp8266(2,3); // make RX Arduino line is pin 2, make TX Arduino line is pin 3.

/ This means that you need to connect the TX line

from the esp to the Arduino's pin 2
/ // and the RX line from the esp to the Arduino's pin
/
/ 3
/
/ void setup()
/
/ {
/
/ Serial.begin(9600);
/
/ esp8266.begin(9600); // your esp's baud rate might be different
/
/
/
/
/
/ pinMode(4,OUTPUT);
/
/ digitalWrite(4,LOW);
/
/
/
/
/
/ pinMode(5,OUTPUT);
/
/ digitalWrite(5,LOW);
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/ pinMode(6,OUTPUT);
/
/ digitalWrite(6,LOW);
/
/
/
/
/
/ pinMode(7,OUTPUT);
/
/ digitalWrite(7,LOW);
/
/
/
pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
50
 digitalWrite(13,LOW);

sendData("AT+RST\r\n",2000,DEBUG); // reset module

sendData("AT+CWMODE=2\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // configure as access point

sendData("AT+CIFSR\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // get ip address

sendData("AT+CIPMUX=1\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // configure for multiple

connections

sendData("AT+CIPSERVER=1,80\r\n",1000,DEBUG); // turn on server on port 80

void loop()

if(esp8266.available()) // check if the esp is sending a message

{
51
 if(esp8266.find("+IPD,"))

delay(1000); // wait for the serial buffer to fill up (read all the serial data)

/ get the connection id so that we can then disconnect

int connectionId = esp8266.read()-48; // subtract 48 because the read() function

returns

// the ASCII decimal value and 0

(the first decimal number) starts at 48

esp8266.find("pin="); // advance cursor to "pin="

int pinNumber = (esp8266.read()-48)*10; // get first number i.e. if the pin 13 then the

1st number is 1, then multiply to get 10

52
 pinNumber += (esp8266.read()-48); // get second number, i.e. if the pin number is 13

then the 2nd number is 3, then add to the first number

switch (pinNumber)

case 1://switch 1 on

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);

break;

case 2://switch 2 on

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);

break;

case 3://switch 3 on
53
 digitalWrite(6,HIGH);

break;

case 4://switch 4 on

digitalWrite(7,HIGH);

break;

case 5://led on

digitalWrite(13,HIGH);

break;

case 6://switch 1 off

54
 digitalWrite(4,LOW);

break;

case 7://switch 2 off

digitalWrite(5,LOW);

break;

case 8://switch 3 off

digitalWrite(6,LOW);

break;

case 9://switch 4 off

55
 digitalWrite(7,LOW);

break;

case 10://led off

digitalWrite(13,LOW);

break;

default:

break;

//digitalWrite(pinNumber, !digitalRead(pinNumber)); // toggle pin

/ make close command

String closeCommand = "AT+CIPCLOSE=";

56
 closeCommand+=connectionId; // append connection id

closeCommand+="\r\n";

sendData(closeCommand,1000,DEBUG); // close connection

/*

* Name: sendData

* Description: Function used to send data to ESP8266.

* Params: command - the data/command to send; timeout - the time to wait for a response;

debug - print to Serial window?(true = yes, false = no)

* Returns: The response from the esp8266 (if there is a reponse)

57
*/

String sendData(String command, const int timeout, boolean debug)

String response = "";

esp8266.print(command); // send the read character to the esp8266 long int

time = millis();

while( (time+timeout) > millis())

while(esp8266.available())

if(debug)

58
 Serial.print(response);

return response;

59
Esp 8266:-

60
Description: The ESP8266 WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated TCP/IP

protocol stack that can give any microcontroller access to your WiFi network. The ESP8266

is capable of either hosting an application or offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from

another application processor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT

command set firmware, meaning, you can simply hook this up to your Arduino device and get

about as much WiFi-ability as a WiFi Shield offers (and that’s just out of the box)! The

ESP8266 module is an extremely cost effective board with a huge, and ever growing,

community.

This module has a powerful enough on-board processing and storage capability that allows it

to be integrated with the sensors and other application specific devices through its GPIOs

with minimal development up-front and minimal loading during runtime. Its high degree of

on-chip integration allows for minimal external circuitry, including the front-end module, is

designed to occupy minimal PCB area. The ESP8266 supports APSD for VoIP applications

and Bluetooth co-existance interfaces, it contains a self-calibrated RF allowing it to work

under all operating conditions, and requires no external RF parts.

61
There is an almost limitless fountain of information available for the ESP8266, all of which

has been provided by amazing community support. In the Documents section below you will

find many resources to aid you in using the ESP8266, even instructions on how to

transforming this module into an IoT (Internet of Things) solution!

Features:-

 802.11 b/g/n

 Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), soft-AP

 Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack

 Integrated TR switch, balun, LNA, power amplifier and matching network

 Integrated PLLs, regulators, DCXO and power management units

 +19.5dBm output power in 802.11b mode

 Power down leakage current of <10uA

 1MB Flash Memory

 Integrated low power 32-bit CPU could be used as application processor

 SDIO 1.1 / 2.0, SPI, UART

 STBC, 1×1 MIMO, 2×1 MIMO

 A-MPDU & A-MSDU aggregation & 0.4ms guard interval

 Wake up and transmit packets in < 2ms

 Standby power consumption of < 1.0mW (DTIM3)

62
Relayboard:-

A relay is an

electrical device

which is

generally used

to control high

voltages using

very low voltage

as an

63
Input. This consists of a coil wrapped around a pole and a two small metal flaps(nodes)

that are used to close the circuit. One of the node is fixed and other is movable. Whenever

an electricity is passed through the coil, it creates a magnetic field and attracts the

moving node towards the static node and the circuit gets completed. So, just by applying

small voltage to power up the coil we can actually complete the circuit for the high

voltage to travel. Also, as the static node is not physically connected to the coil there is

very less chance that the Microcontroller powering the coil gets damaged if something

goes wrong.

This is Four Channel relay board controlled by computer USB port. The usb relay

board is with 4 SPDT relays rated up to 10A each. You may control devices 220V /

120V (up to 4) directly with one such relay unit. It is fully powered by the computer

USB port. Suitable for home automation applications, hobby projects, industrial

automation. The free software allows to control relays manually, create timers (weekly

and calendar) and multivibrators, use date and time for alarms or control from

command line. We provide software examples in Labview, .NET, Java, Borland C++,

Python

64
 Features:-

 Datasheet - here

 Power led: Yes

 Relay leds: YesHigh quality

 4 SPDT Relay channels - selectable by user:

o JQC-3FC/T73 DC5V (7A / 250VAC, 10A / 125VAC, 12A / 120VAC, 10A /

28VDC)

o RAS-05-15 (10A / 250VAC, 15A / 120VAC, 15A / 24VDC)

 PCB parameters: FR4 / 1.5mm / two layers / metalized holes / HAL / white

stamp / solder mask / еxtra PCB openings for better voltage isolation / doubled
high voltage tracks

 Power supply: from USB port

 Current consumption: 400 mA

 Chip: FT245RL

 Size: 77mm x 56mm x 17mm

 Supported by DRM software (Windows and Linux): Yes

 Supported by Denkovi Command line tool (Windows, Linux): Yes

 Android software available (low cost but very useful): Yes - New

 Software examples - here

65
 Documentation: here

Advantages:-

 High quality

 Low cost

 No extra power supply

 Software with many functions

 Control electrical devices according weekday/date/time

 Create timers or pulses with our software

 Home automation

 Robotics

 Alarms

 Timers

 Open doors and windows via PC

 Aquariums applications

66
 CHAPTER 4.

PRESENT WORK

Day by day, the field of automation is blooming and these systems are having great

impact on human beings. The project which is to be implemented is a home

automation using Easy IOT Webserver and WIFI and has very good future

development.

In the current system webserver is installed on a windows PC so the home

appliances can be controlled using only by using the device on which webserver is
installed.This can be further developed installing webserver on cloud .

Advantage of installing webserver on the cloud is that home can be controlled by

using any device which has WIFI 802.1 and a web browser. By visiting the IP
address of the cloud the control actions can be taken

This is a tutorial from BreakoutBros.com. See the full tutorial here. A couple weeks ago we
looked at an Internet of Things solution, the Particle Photon. After getting a lot of feedback
from the community we got our hands on Riaspire ESP8266 WiFi board. This one of the
many ESP8266 boards out there.

The ESP8266, like the Photon, is a a WiFi enabled microcontroller module that can be used
as a solution to any IoT project. However, as the Particle Photon was very simple to get

67
setup and running with all of its support, the ESP8266 is leaps and bounds harder making the
ESP8266 definitely not for beginners. The documentation is hard to find and a lot of Google
searches return examples that either skip steps or are just wrong. For this tutorial I hope to
bring this information to one place to get you up and running faster using an Arduino to
setup and make sure the ESP8266 is working.

With the ESP8266 being much more difficult to get started with, why even use the ESP8266?
Well there are two really big benefits to the ESP8266 which depending on the project could
outweigh almost any other IoT device like the Photon.

Price

The price of the ESP8266 is just unbeatable on the magnitude of 1/4 the cost of some of the
other solutions. If you are on a tight budget or need to make a lot of something, learning the
ESP8266 will be well worth your time.

Customization

The ESP8266 is completely open unlike the Particle Photon. You aren’t trapped into using
someone else’s cloud, or IDE, like Particle, and you don’t need the “support” enabled in
order to use it. you have more freedom with how you use the ESP8266 to fit the needs of
whatever your project is. You can make your ESP8266 a personal server or put it in AP mode
to act as a WiFi access point. The ESP8266 will also teach you a lot more than the Photon as
a lot of what the Photon is doing in the background with it’s integration with Particle, you
get to learn how to do this yourself.

Setting Up the Hardware

Like the Photon, the ESP8266 is a 3.3V device so you must use 3.3V to power it. DO NOT use
the Arduino 5V as this will damage the ESP8266 permanently. The 3.3V supply in the
standard Arduino also doesn’t supply enough current to power the ESP8266 during its peak
transients. Use a 3.3V power supply with at least 500 mA of current. I used the 3.3V supply in
the Elegoo 37 Sensor kit. It was perfect because it fits in a standard Breadboard, making one
side rail 3.3V and the other side rail 5.0V.

You can use the ESP8266 in a couple ways. In this tutorial we will only demonstrate that it is
functioning by Serial mirroring the Arduino IDE Serial port to a Software Serial port

68
connected to the ESP8266. This will also allow us to change some of it’s setting and get it
connected to your Home WiFi. You could also buy a Serial USB to TTL converter and use a
command based serial program like Putty to send these commands. I did not have a Serial
USB to TTL converter so I opted to just use an Arduino and Serial mirror the commands. If
you use a Serial USB to TTL converter please be sure to also use a level shifter so that you
don’t apply 5V to the ESP8266.

There is also a ESP8266wifi library and Arduino IDE addition you can add that includes
libraries for using the ESP8266 which you can use to directly program instead of just
sending commands with a prompt. Ultimately this will be the easiest way to setup
the ESP8266 for most IoT projects but this deserves a whole separate article.

Schematic

69
Connect the ESP8266 TX pin to pin 2 of the Arduino, RX pin to pin 3 of the Arduino and
make sure the 3.3V supply’s GND and the Arduino GND are connected. Next pull up the
ESP8266 Enable pin to 3.3V using a high 2k resistor. You will be powering the Arduino
through its USB port, this will also be how you communicate to the ESP8266.

Code for the Arduino

I found the Idea to serial mirror the ports from this source. Go ahead and go to this site to
grab the code. It basically just looks for whenever serial is available and it prints it to the
software ESPSerial and whenever software ESPSerial is available it prints it to serial. You
will need to first change the baud rates for the Serial.begin and ESPSerial.begin form (9600)
to (115200). Go ahead and upload this to the Arduino you are using. Once installed open the
Serial Monitor. As noted in the code, make sure both NL & CL are selected for viewing on
the bottom and 112500 is set as the baud rate.

Now that the Serial Monitor is up and running, you can power on the ESP8266 and you
should see some boot commands, however it will be VERY jumbled. This is because the

70
ESP8266 is set to a 115200 Baud Rate and the Software Serial of the Arduino simple can’t
keep up at that speed.

Type “AT” in the serial text box and if you see “OK” as a response then you are correctly
connected. Again this might still be a little jumbled with some gibberish mixed in. You can
see this jumbling below in the “re’dy” and the Box next to the AT.

Change the ESP8266 Baud rate by typing

AT+UART_DEF=9600,8,1,0,0

You should receive an OK.

Now whenever you type you should not see a response. First exit the program and change
the Serial.begin(115200) and the ESPSerial.begin(115200)to Serial.begin(9600) and
the ESPSerial.begin(9600). Now open the Serial monitor again and make sure you select
9600 as the Baud Rate. Now type in the AT command and you should get OK again.

71
 If you are not getting any response here are some things to try:

 Verify that you are using a 3.3V power supply for the ESP8266 that is at least 500mA
 Verify the GND of the ESP8266 and the GND of the Arduino are connected
 Verify that the TX pin of the ESP8266 is going to pin 2 of the Arduino and the RX pin of the
ESP8266 is going to pin 3.
 Verify the EN pin of the ESP8266 is pulled up to 3.3V with a 10k resistor
 If you haven’t changed the Baud Rate of the ESP8266 make sure 115200 is written in the
Arduino Program for the serial.begin() and that 115200 is selected as the baud rate for the
Arduino Serial Monitor
 If you have changed the Baud rate of the ESP8266 to 9600 make sure 9600 is written in the
Arduino Program for the serial.begin() and that 9600 is selected as the baud rate for the
Arduino Serial Monitor
 Make sure Both NL& CL is selected

72
 If you continue to have issues you may have an ESP8266 with a different starting baud rate
than 115200, an incorrect wiring, or a damaged ESP8266.

Commands to connect ESP8266 to WiFi

You can check out all the commands for the ESP8266 here: We will only be using some of
them for this tutorial. First make sure the Mode of the ESP8266 is mode 1 by using
AT+CWMODE=1

If this worked you should have recieved an OK. Next see what networks are available by
using:

AT+CWLAP

Next select your network and type in:

AT+ CWJAP=”YOUR_SSID”,”YOUR_PASSWORD”

73
*Please note that “YOUR_SSID” is the SSID for your WiFi network and
“YOUR_PASSWORD” is the password for you WiFi network. You should see a “WiFI
Connected” then a “WiFi Got IP” followed by OK if the connection is successful.

To get the IP Address of your ESP8266 you type in:

AT+CIFSR

74
This will be your Local IP address. Now if you want to see something cool open up the CMD
prompt and PING this IP address:

It has 4 successful pings! Now you have successfully connected your ESP8266 to your Home
WiFi and are pinging your ESP8266 with your computer over WiFi. Stay tuned and subscribe
so you don’t miss any reviews or tutorials! We plan to continue to use the ESP8266 for more
projects.

75
 CHAPTER 5. RESULT AND ANALYSIS

The proposed system has two web operation and an android operation. One web
operation will be a Admin module which will be used by the restaurant admin to
maintain the cuisine card of the diner and bill generation. This module will be
connected to the android application running on the tablet. The admin module will
use different data digging techniques like apriori and k-means for inquiry purpose.
Second web operation will be used by the customers who wish to order food online.
The bill payment of ordered food will be handled through cash on delivery basis.
Lastly the proposed system will have an android application which will be running
on tablets kept in cafeteria. The customers can view menu card through the
application and can place order accordingly. The customer will get
recommendations on the application and can request for the bill also. Some
screenshots of system has been shown below.

76
 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

CONCLUSION

This system is customizable system therefore it can be customized for the various
types of restaurant. Online payment system for debit & credit card is added in this
system. The implementation of such type of proposed automated system will
minimize the number of employees at the back of the counter. Also, the system will
help to reduce the cost of labor. As there are lots of orders at the restaurants, there
is possibility of human errors during calculations or taking orders. By using this
system, such type of errors can be eliminated and controlled up to some level. The
proposed system would lure customers and also adds to the adaptability of
maintaining food orders at different tables in the restaurant. Another advantage of
the automated food ordering system is that the system will be available 24x7, by the
virtue of tappliance is not going to take any sick or vacation leave. The proposed
system will have an admin module which will help the restaurant owner to get the
required analysis

SCOPE
Day by day, the field of automation is blooming and these systems are having great impact on
human beings. The project which is to be implemented is a home automation using Easy IOT
Webserver and WIFI and has very good future development.

In the current system webserver is installed on a windows PC so the home appliances can be
controlled using only by using the device on which webserver is installed.This can be further
developed installing webserver on cloud .

Advantage of installing webserver on the cloud is that home can be controlled by using any
device which has WIFI 802.1 and a web browser. By visiting the IP address of the cloud the
control actions can be taken.

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 REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

References & Bibliography:-

Websites:

http://www.iot-playground.com

http://www.instructables.com

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://www.journals.elsevier.com/easyiot

Journals & other books:

1 .Kusuma S M, Assistant Professor, Department of telecommunication, MSRIT, Bangalore,

India. “Home Automation Using Internet of Things.”

2.Niharika Shrotriya, Anjali Kulkarni, Priti Gadhave, International Journal of Science,

Engineering and Technology Research (IJSETR), “SMART HOME USING WI-FI”

Anushri Aware, SonaliVaidya,PriyankaAshture, VarshaGaiwal PES’s Modern College of

Engineering, Pune-04, International Journal of Engineering Research and General Science
Volume 3, “Home Automation using Cloud Network”

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