S2C7

3
GROUP

em b er ：
Group M Su e n (1 1)
Kim Hui
i Y ue (2 4)
Soo X (2 6 )
R on g
Tan Shi g (4 1)
o eW e n
La m H

e a c h e r： N FEI
T N CHIN EA
E B IA
PHO
 1) INTRODUCTION
1.1 General background study
A lemon battery is a simple electrochemical cell commonly used in
educational settings to demonstrate the basics of electricity generation
through chemical reactions. It operates by inserting two different
metals, typically copper and zinc, into a lemon.
Copper, being more electronegative, acts as the cathode, while zinc,
which is electropositive, serves as the anode. The lemon juice, rich in
citric acid, conducts electricity as the electrolyte. When zinc interacts
with the acid, it loses electrons, which then flow to the copper through a
wire. This electron transfer creates a chemical reaction that produces
hydrogen gas at the copper electrode, generating electricity from the
difference in electronegativities between the two metals, rather than
from the lemon itself.
1.2 Aim of the project

To light up the light bulb

successfully with the lemon.

1.3 Problem Statement

Will the LED Light light up when

the alligetor clip connects ?
 1.4 Glossary
1. Electronegative
Physics electrically negative / Chemistry (of
an element) tending to acquire electrons and
form negative ions in chemical reactions.
2. Electropositive
Physics electrically positive / Chemistry tending to lose electrons
and form positive ions in chemical reactions.

3. Electrolyte
A liquid or gel which contains ions and can be
decomposed by electrolysis, e.g. that present
in a battery.

4. Electric current
A flow of charged particles, such as electrons or
ions, moving through an electrical conductor or
space.

5. Chemical battery
The chemistry of a battery. A device that
stores chemical energy, and converts it to
electricity.
6. Circuit
Is a complete circular path that electricity flows
through.

7. Voltage
Electric pressure, or electric tension is the
difference in electric potential between two points.
2) LITERATURE REVIEW
ResearchGate：
The objective of the research was to develop a lemon battery and
determine the electrical properties of lemon battery. The main
hypothesis of the research work was to determine whether lemon can
produce electricity or not. Lemon has a voltaic cell which changes
chemical energy into electrical energy. By a series circuit, conductor
(copper) inserted into lemon to generate voltage. Three varieties of
lemon such as Kagoji, Sarboti and Elachi were used for the experiments.
Elachi could produce maximum 1.0±0.1 v voltage and 1.25±0.05 mA
electricity. Overall, the electricity production was very low due to low
amount of citric acid in the lemons. However, lemon could produce
minimum electricity which might be used in the Light emitting diode
(LED).
— by Md. Anisur Rahman Mazumder—

Course Hero:
It is found that the citric acid contained in citrus fruit can act
as an electrolyte that enables electricity to be produced just like a
galvanic battery. There are many lemon cell types that use as
electrolytes and metals other than zinc and copper as electrodes
different fruits or liquids. A lemon battery is the battery's simplest
form.

—KidOtter2980—
Scispace - formally typeset:
The significance of lemon batteries lies in their potential to provide a
simple and eco-friendly solution to the world fuel crisis. Lemon batteries,
which use lemon juice as an electrolyte and copper and magnesium as
electrodes, can generate enough voltage to power small devices like LEDs
. They can also be used for high-power applications such as running
electric motors in model cars or powering radios and portable players .
Additionally, other fruits like oranges and limes, which contain citric acid,
can also be used as alternative electrolytes for batteries . Researchers
have even explored the fabrication of lemon batteries using 3D printing
technology, opening up possibilities for arbitrarily shaped batteries that
can power co-printed electronics [5]. Overall, lemon batteries offer a
sustainable and accessible energy solution that can contribute to reducing
the global energy crisis.
—Anonymous—

SCRIBD:
The safeties way to generate alternative source is through citrus
fruit. Any typeof citrus fruit, be it lemon, orange or sweet lime, will
generate electricity when they are properly connected in a completed
electrical circuit. In a fruit circuit, the fruit acts as a battery. The citric
acid and water in the fruit act as an electrolyte, thus enabling the
flowof electricity through the circuit. In a normal battery, be it of any
size, two metals areused to generate electrons, and a conductive
chemical eases the flow of these electronsthrough the circuit. When the
fruit acts as a battery, the acid and water contained in itact as the
conductive chemical (ScienceStruck Staff, 2018)
—by Ashley De Leon—
3. METHODOLOGY
3.1 Materials and Apparatus
Materials Apparatus
❏ 4 Lemons ❏ 6 Alligator Clips
❏ 4 Copper ❏ Mini LED Light
❏ Zinc Nails
❏ Knife

3.2 Procedure

1. Row the lemon let it have more lemon juice.

2. Cut a small mouth in each lemon with a knife.
3. Insert the copper penny into the lemon.
4. Insert the zins nails into the half of the lemon,
5. And prepare the other 3 lemons the same way.
6. Connect all the lemons with Alligator clips, each alligator
clip should connect one copper penny and one zinc nail.
7. Use the last two alligator clips to clip onto the last
copper penny and zinc nail
8. Use the extra ends of alligator clips to connect onto a
LED light
8. Now，the LED light light up！
4. RESULT
4.1 Observation
After preforming the experiment, we
observed how lemon can generate power to light
up a LED Light . The LED Light lit up as soon
as the Alligator clips get in contact with the
LED Light.

4.2 Result and Discussion

The LED light lights up as the
copper and zinc are inserted in the
lemon and connected. This shows that
having copper and zin inserted into a
lemon is able to light up a LED light.
The copper forms the positive battery terminal, and the zinc is the
negative terminal. The electrolyte in our lemon battery is lemon juice.
Just like regular batteries, it contains acid. Acid attacks the zinc atoms,
and some change into positively charged ions (charged atoms that have
an unequal number of electrons or protons). An electric current is
created between the two metals. When the zinc atoms change into ions,
they leave their electrons behind. Connect a wire to the battery
terminals, and they flow out of the zinc electrode and into the copper
electrode. The cycle continues until the electrolyte uses all its chemical
energy and can’t react with the metal anymore, and the battery dies.
Electrolyte is why this type of battery is called a chemical battery.
 5. CONCLUSION
The lemon juice acts as an electrolyte, which is a liquid that
can conduct electricity .When the copper penny and the zinc nail
are inserted into the lemon, they become the positive and
negative terminals of the battery. The penny is made of copper
and acts as the positive electrode, while the nail is made of zinc
and acts as the negative electrode.
When the zinc and copper electrodes are
immersed in the electrolyte lemon juice and
connected via alligator clips, the zinc donates
electron to form zinc ions and the zinc ions
dissolves in electrolyte. The electrons released
will flow through external circuit from zinc to
copper. The copper will receive the electrons
from zinc through the electrolyte.

The reaction will cause a small electrical current that contains

electrical energy. This current is then able flow through the lemons
and wires to power a small device, such as a LED light bulb.
6. WAYS TO IMPROVE AND
SUGGESTIONS
Ways To Improve
During the experiment, the voltage
provided by the lemons are enough to light
up a small LED light only. To increase the
voltage, we can use a 9V Battery to charge
the lemon batteries in order to power up
other stuff. The 9V Battery can increase the voltage flowing
through the current of the lemons. Adding more 9V Batteries to
charge the lemons can increase the charging speed and voltage.
By doing so the lemons can have more voltage and have
more power to power up other stuff such as light bulbs.

Suggestions
When experimenting, we didn’t know how
much voltage or current is currently flowing
through the lemons. We suggest adding on an
ammeter to display the amount of voltage and
current flowing through the lemons.
Besides that, making sure the copper and zinc is oil-free
can also improve the result of the lemon batteries. If your copper
or zinc is oily, the experiment might result in fail.
7. REFERENCE
Experimental reference
https://www.scienceworld.ca/resource/lemon-battery/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqiMnVWNQNo
https://youtu.be/XtHt00AN0pU?si=lbn6zzXu6hR4VG29
https://www.sciencebuddies.org/stem-activities/lemon-battery
https://littlebinsforlittlehands.com/how-to-make-a-lemon-battery/

Result and Discussion

https://www.panasonic.com/global/energy/study/academy/lemon.
html
chrome-
extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.acs.or
g/content/dam/acsorg/education/outreach/kidszone/kids-zone-
build-a-lemon-battery.pdf

Literature Review

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324744104_Constructio
n_and_evaluation_of_electrical_properties_of_a_lemon_battery
https://www.scribd.com/document/414355928/Lemon-Battery-
as-Alternative-Energy
https://www.coursehero.com/file/51680697/lemon-battery-
researchdocx/
https://typeset.io/questions/what-is-the-significance-of-lemon-
battery-33t5spxgwv
WORK CONDUCTED
Group
Work
Member

Kim Hui Suen Literature review

Introduction, Result and

Soo Xi Yue observation, video presenter

Glossary, Report designing,

Tan Shi Rong conclusion, Video editing,
Methodology

Video presenter, Ways to improve

Lam Hoe Weng
and suggestion , conclusion

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