INTRODUCTION

The lemon (Citrus limon) is one of the small evergreen trees belonging to the flowering plant family
Rutaceae. Its origin is in Asia. Lemons are very sour; indeed, this sourness is primarily because of citric
acid. The pH level is a general measure of acidity.

The aim of using lemon as a natural battery will be investigated by researchers. Citric acid is the major
acid found in lemons. Citric acid makes up approximately 5 to 6% of the juice contained in a lemon.
Other acids do exist in lemons, but in only small quantities compared to citric acid. These citric acids will
be used by researchers to make a source of energy. The citric acid in lemons can help to transfer
electrons between two different metals, typically zinc and copper, which are used as electrodes.

More importantly, a lemon battery as a natural battery is rather a friendly method to the environment
given that lemons are renewable and non-toxic providers of electricity. Besides, it is an excellent
experiment about electrochemistry and renewable energy. Using a lemon as a natural battery is also
relatively inexpensive and relatively easily accessed. Using lemons to generate electricity is very helpful
to those places without electricity.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY:

Lemon has a wide range of uses and benefits in society. In this study, research will use this as an
alternative energy source or battery, it explores the possibility of using lemon as a sustainable eco-
friendly power source.

This study involves chemical reactions between the acid of the lemon and the metals like penny.

Investing lemon as a natural battery source grows interst in renewable resources and reducing
environmental impact. This natural battery is not enough for large-scale application, it could be used in
small devices such us, an educational purposes electronics projects or this battery could be used and
essential for emergency source.

This research could inspire further exploration of other natural materials that could be an alternative
energy or material on a specific study.

Statement of the Problem

1. How effective are lemons as a natural battery?

2. What is the difference between lemon natural battery with the chemical batteries?
3. What are the benefits that can be seen in lemon as a natural battery?

Hypothesis

If lemon is used as a natural battery, then it's producing electricity because lemon has acid that needs to
create energy.

Null hypothesis: there's no significant difference between using lemon as a natural battery and using
traditional batteries.

Alternative hypothesis: There's a significant difference between using lemon as a natural battery and
using a traditional battery.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this research is to investigate whether the lemon can be an alternative energy power
source. This could be essential for people in case of emergency where electricity is needed in terms of
being able to provide an alternative battery that is environmentally friendly. More so, understanding
how different natural substances like lemon function as batteries can help us learn more about natural
materials that can be used as batteries.

Scope and delimintation

The researchers focuses on investing the potential of the lemon as a natural battery. It involves
evaluating the cost -effectiveness of the natural battery, exploring in small-scale practical applications
where the lemon battery is tested if it can be used effectively. The researchers do not cover large-scale
practical application it's only limited to small-scale practical application, long-term durability will not be
extensively tested.
Contradictory information regarding Lemon (Citrus limon), has been reported by some researchers.
Lemon juice has a number of adventageous components that can make electricity with metals . Here are
some significant findings and pertinent literature from studies investigating the potential of Lemon as a
natural battery.

According to the website of Science World (2024), The citric acid of the lemon reacts with the zinc
and loosens electrons. Copper pulls electrons more strongly than zinc, so loose electrons will move
towards the copper when the electrodes are connected by wires. Moving electrons are called an electric
current, which is what lights up the bulb.

Another study by Jakia Sultana, et .al(2019), they've stated that a lemon battery is the simplest form of
battery. Typically a piece of zinc metal and a copper piece is inserted into the lemon cell and connected
by wires. Power generated by reaction of metals is used to power some devices like light emitting diode
(LED), digital watch, mobile phone etc. The lemon battery is similar to the first electrical battery invented
in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, who used brine (salt water) instead of lemon juice. The lemon battery
illustrates the same type of chemical reaction (oxidation-reduction) that occurs in batteries. The zinc and
copper are called the electrodes and the juice in the lemon is called the electrolyte.
Prepare the battery

1. Roll the lemon against the counter or tabletop with the palm of your hand. Press down slightly as you
roll to break some of the tiny juice-filled pouches inside the lemon. Do this for all 4 lemons

2. Use a permanent marker to make a line about the diameter of a penny on each lemon. Place the
lemon between two books to hold it steady. Make sure the line you drew is face-up.

3. Using the tip of a sharp knife cut along the line. Do this for all 4 lemons. Put the knife away

4. Tuck the penny half-way into the slit on each lemon. The penny is the cathode

5. Press one nail into each of 4 lemons. The nail is the anode

Connect the battery to the bulb

6. Connect one end of an alligator dip to the zinc nail (anode). Connect the other end of the alligator clip
to the penny copper (cathode) of a different lemon

7. Use the rest of the alligator clips to connect the lemons nail from one lemon to the penny of another
lemon.

8. Before connecting the last lemon to the first, include the LED in the circuit. The LED has two leads.
Using the loose ends of the alligator clips, connect the longer lead to a cathode (penny). Connect the
sharter lead to an anode (nail).

Alyssa

Alyssa Corpuz

Materials

4 lemons

4 copper wire
4 (coins or galvanized nails )

Knife

1 LED V2.5

Wire cutter

Wire stripper

8 Alligator clips