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1~INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS

 Recognize a linear equation in n variables.
 Find a parametric representation of a solution set.
 Determine whether a system of linear equations is consistent or inconsistent.
 Use back-substitution and Gaussian elimination to solve a system of linear
equations.
1.2~GAUSSIAN ELIMINATION AND GAUSS-JORDAN ELIMINATION
 Determine the size of a matrix and write an augmented or coefficient matrix
from a system of linear equations.
 Use matrices and Gaussian elimination with back-substitution to solve a
system of linear equations.
 Use matrices and Gauss-Jordan elimination to solve a system of linear
equations.
 Solve a homogeneous system of linear equations.
1.3~APPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
 Set up and solve a system of equations to fit a polynomial function to a set of
data points.
 Set up and solve a system of equations to represent a network.
2.1~OPERATIONS WITH MATRICES
 Determine whether two matrices are equal.
 Add and subtract matrices and multiply a matrix by a scalar.
 Multiply two matrices.
 Use matrices to solve a system of linear equations.
 Partition a matrix and write a linear combination of column vectors.
2.2~PROPERTIES OF MATRIX OPERATIONS
 Use the properties of matrix addition, scalar multiplication, and zero matrices.
 Use the properties of matrix multiplication and the identity matrix.
 Find the transpose of a matrix.
2.3~THE INVERSE OF A MATRIX
 Find the inverse of a matrix (if it exists).
 Use the properties of inverse matrices.
 Use an inverse matrix to solve a system of linear equations.
2.4~ELEMENTARY MATRICES
 Factor a matrix into a product of elementary matrices.
 Find and use an LU-factorization of a matrix to solve a system of linear
equations.
2.5~MARKOV CHAINS
 Use a stochastic matrix to find the nth state matrix of a Markov chain.
 Find the steady state matrix of a Markov chain.
 Find the steady state matrix of an absorbing Markov chain.
2.6~MORE APPLICATION OF MATRIX OPERATIONS
 Use matrix multiplication to encode and decode messages.
 Use matrix algebra to analyze an economic system (Leontief input-output
model).
 Find the least squares regression line for a set of data.
3.1~THE DETERMINANT OF A MATRIX
 Find the determinant of a 2 x 2 matrix.
 Find the minors and cofactors of a matrix.
 Use expansion by cofactors to find the determinant of a matrix.
 Find the determinant of a triangular matrix.
3.2~DETERMINANTS AND ELEMENTARY OPERATIONS
 Use elementary row operations to evaluate a determinant.
 Use elementary column operations to evaluate a determinant.
 Recognize conditions that yield zero determinants.
3.3~PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
 Find the determinant of a matrix product and a scalar multiple of a matrix.
 Find the determinant of an inverse matrix and recognize equivalent conditions
for a nonsingular matrix.
 Find the determinant of the transpose of a matrix.
3.4~APPLICATIONS OF DETERMINANTS
 Find the adjoint of a matrix and use it to find the inverse of the matrix.
 Use Cramer’s Rule to solve a system of n linear equations in n variables.
 Use determinants to find area, volume, and the equations of lines and planes.
4.1~VECTORS IN Rn
  Represent a vector as a directed line segment.
 Perform basic vector operations in R2 and represent them graphically.
 Perform basic vector operations in Rn.
 Write a vector as a linear combination of other vectors.
4.2~VECTOR SPACES
 Define a vector space and recognize some important vector spaces.
 Show that a given set is not a vector space.
4.3~SUBSPACES OF VECTOR SPACES
 Determine whether a subset W of a vector space V is a subspace of V.
 Determine subspaces of Rn.
4.4~SPANNING SETS AND LINEAR INDEPENDENCE
 Write a linear combination of a set of vectors in a vector space V.
 Determine whether a set S of vectors in a vector space V is a spanning set of V.
 Determine whether a set of vectors in a vector space V is linearly independent.
4.5~BASIS AND DIMENSION
 Recognize bases in the vector spaces Rn, Pn, and Mm,n.
 Find the dimension of a vector space.
4.6~RANK OF A MATRIX AND SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
 Find a basis for the row space, a basis for the column space, and the rank of a
matrix.
 Find the nullspace of a matrix.
 Find the solution of a consistent system Ax = b in the form xp + xh.
4.7~COORDINATES AND CHANGE OF BASIS
 Find a coordinate matrix relative to a basis in Rn.
 Find the transition matrix from the basis B to the basis B’ in Rn.
 Represent coordinates in general n-dimensional spaces.
4.8~APPLICATION OF VECTOR SPACES
 Use the Wronskian to test a set of solutions of a linear homogeneous equation
for linear independence.
 Identify and sketch the graph of a conic section and perform a rotation of axes.
5.1~LENGTH AND DOT PRODUCT IN Rn.
 Find the length of a vector and find a unit vector.
 Find the distance between two vectors.
 Find a dot product and the angle between two vectors, determine orthogonality,
and verify the Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality, the triangle inequality, and the
Pythagorean Theorem.
 Use a matrix product to represent a dot product.
5.2~INNER PRODUCT SPACES
 Determine whether a function defines an inner product, and find the inner
product of two vectors in Rn, Mm,n, Pn, and C[a, b].
 Find an orthogonal projection of a vector onto another vector in an inner
product space.
5.3~ORTHONORMAL BASES: GRAM-SCHMIDT PROCESS
 Show that a set of vectors is orthogonal and forms an orthonormal basis, and
represent a vector relative to an orthonormal basis.
 Apply the Gram-Schmidt orthonormalization process.
5.4~MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS
 Define the least squares problem.
 Find the orthogonal complement of a subspace and the projection of a vector
onto a subspace.
 Find the four fundamental subspaces of a matrix.
 Solve a least squares problem.
 Use least squares for mathematical modeling.
5.5~APPLICATIONS OF INNER PRODUCT SPACES
 Find the cross product of two vectors in R3.
 Find the linear or quadratic least squares approximation of a function.
 Find the nth-order Fourier approximation of a function.
6.1~INTRODUCTION TO LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS
  Find the image and preimage of a function.
 Show that a function is a linear transformation, and find a linear
transformation.
6.2~THE KERNEL AND RANGE OF A LINEAR TRANSFORMATION
 Find the kernel of a linear transformation.
 Find a basis for the range, the rank, and the nullity of a linear transformation.
 Determine whether a linear transformation is one-to-one or onto.
 Determine whether vector spaces are isomorphic.
6.3~MATRICES FOR LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS
 Find the standard matrix for a linear transformation.
 Find the standard matrix for the composition of linear transformations and find
the inverse of an invertible linear transformation.
 Find the matrix for a linear transformation relative to a nonstandard basis.
6.4~TRANSITION MATRICES AND SIMILARITY
 Find and use a matrix for a linear transformation.
 Show that two matrices are similar and use the properties of similar matrices.
6.5~APPLICATION OF LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS
 Identify linear transformations defined by reflections, expansions, contractions,
or shears in R2.
 Use a linear transformation to rotate a figure in R3.
7.1~EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS
 Verify eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors.
 Find eigenvalues and corresponding eigenspaces.
 Use the characteristic equation to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and find
the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a triangular matrix.
 Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a linear transformation.
7.2~DIAGONALIZATION
 Find the eigenvalues of similar matrices, determine whether a matrix A is
diagonalizable, and find a matrix P such that P-1AP is diagonal.
 Find, for a linear transformation T: V => V, a basis B for V such that the matrix
for T relative to B is diagonal.
7.3~SYMMETRIC MATRICES AND ORTHOGONAL DIAGONALIZATION
 Recognize, and apply properties of, symmetric matrices.
 Recognize, and apply properties of, orthogonal matrices.
 Find an orthogonal matrix P that orthogonally diagonalizes a symmetric matrix
A.
7.4~APPLICATIONS OF EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS
 Model population growth using an age transition matrix and an age distribution
vector, and find a stable age distribution vector.
 Use a matrix equation to solve a system of first-order linear differential
equations.
 Find the matrix of a quadratic form and use the principal Axes Theorem to
perform a rotation of axes for a conic and a quadric surface.
 Solve a constrained optimization problem.