SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS

ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE

 Common difference(d)=X2-X1
( )
 a,b,c …..is consecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence ∴ b =
 Algebraic form(nth term)= Xn=dn+(f-d)

X1+(n-1)d

an+b(where first term=a+b)

 Number of terms(n)= (Xn-X1)÷d+1

n2 + (f- )n

 Term difference = Position difference × d

 Sum of n terms= ÷ 2(X1+Xn)

Number of terms × middle term(odd numbers)

n2(1+3+…..+(2n-1)=n2(odd numbers)

Number of pairs × sum of a pair(even numbers)

1+2+.....+n=n(n+1)÷2(natural numbers)

 Difference of sum of first n terms and next n terms= n2d

CIRCLES

 Angle in the same segment are equal.

APC = × < AOC

AQC = 180-<APC

A C

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS

 PA × PB = PC × PD

A C

B
D

 PA × PB = PC2
C

A P B

MATHEMATICS OF CHANCE

 A bag contains ‘M’ number of green balls and another bag contains ‘N’ number of red balls.If we take
one ball in random :

P(green balls) =

P(red balls) =

 A bag contains ‘M’ number of green balls and ‘N’ number of red balls.Another bag contains ‘P’ number
of green balls and ‘Q’ number of red balls.If we take one ball from each in random :

Total number of pairs = (M+N) × (P+Q)

×
P(green balls only) = ( )×( )

×
P(red balls only) = ( )×( )

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
P(one red and one green) = (Total pairs-both are green-both are red)÷Total pairs

P(at least one green) = (Total pairs-both are red)÷Total pairs

P(at least one red) = (Total pairs-both are green)÷Total pairs

SECOND DEGREE EQUATIONS

±√
 Solution(X) of a second degree equation in the form ax2+bx+c=0 =
 Number added to convert X2+bx in to perfect square=(coefficient of X ÷2)2= (b÷2)2= b2÷4
 Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(l+b)

Length + breadth (l+b) = Perimeter ÷2

TRIGNOMETRY
C
 sin B = opposite ÷hypotenuse =
 cos B = adjacent ÷hypotenuse =
 tan B = opposite ÷adjacent =

A B

RATIO OF SIDES OF TRIANGLES

(a) having angles 30° , 60° , 90°

Angles = 30:60:90

Sides = PQ : QR : PR

=x: √3x : 2x

=1 : √3 : 2

60
2x
x

Q 30 R
√3x

(b) having angles 45° , 45° , 90°

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
Angles = 45:45:90

Sides = PQ : QR : PR

= x: x : √2x

= 1:1: √2

45
√2x
x

Q 45 R
x

(c) having angles 30° , 45° , 105°

Angles = 30 : 45 : 105

Sides = AC : AB : BC

= √2x : 2x : (√3 +1)x

= √2 : 2 :(√3 +1)x

60 45

B 30 45 C
P

(d) having angles 30° , 30° , 120°

Angles = 30 : 30 : 120

Sides = AB : AC : BC

= 2x : 2x : 2√3x

= 1 : 1 : √3

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
A

60 60

B 30 30
C
P
 If r is the radius of circumcircle

BC = 2r sin A

AC = 2r sin B

AB = 2r sin C

r
B C

 Find h

Area = base × h

= CD × h

A B

D C

 Find h

Area = × BC × h
A

C B
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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS


Area of Rhombus = × d1 × d2

C0-ORDINATE GEOMETRY

 Co-ordinate of centre = (0,0)

 Co-ordinate of Y on X axis = 0
 Co-ordinate of X on Y axis = 0
 Y co-ordinate of any point on line parallel to X axis are same.
 X co-ordinate of any point on line parallel to Y axis are same.
 Distance between the point A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) is :
2
AB = √( 2-x1) + (y2-y1)2

 Isosceles Triangle : Any two sides are equal.

 Equilateral Triangle : All sides and angles are equal.
 Right angled Triangle : The sum of squares of smaller sides gives the square of larger side.

The sum of smaller anglesgives 90°.

 Parallelogram : Opposite sides are equal.

 Rhombus : All sides are equal.

TANGENTS

 <ACB = x
 AOB = 180-x

O 180-x x C

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
 <PBA = <PAB =<ACB

C x P

 PA × PB = PC × PD
D

A B P

If area of triangle is A and S is half the perimeter of the triangle.Then ,

Inradius = r =

SOLIDS

 Slant height = l

Base edge = a

Lateral edge = e

Height = h

a l
e

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS


e2 = l2 + ( )2

l e

2

l2 = h2 + ( )2

h l


e2 =h2 + ( )2

e
h

 VOLUME

▪Any pyramid = × base area × h

▪ Square pyramid = a2 h

 In pyramid, there are four lateral surfaces which are triangles.

Area of one lateral surface = × a × l

Area of lateral surfaces = 4 × = 2al

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
L.S.A = 2al

 Total surface area(T.S.A) of any pyramid = base area + lateral surface area
 Total surface area(T.S.A) of square pyramid = a2 +2al

 CONE

h l

▪ l2 = h2 + r2

▪ C.S.A of a cone = rl

▪ T.S.A of a cone = πr2 + πrl

▪ Volume of a cone = πr2h

▪ We make cone by folding a sector.So,

▪ Slant height of cone= Radius of sector

l=r

▪ If we fold a sector having central angle x° and radius ‘R’ to make a cone of radius ‘r’ :

x
R

 SPHERE

▪ Surface area = 4 r2

▪ Volume = πr3

 HEMISPHERE

▪ Surface area = 3 r2

▪ Volume = πr3

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
 SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME OF COMBINED SOLID

▪ HEMISPHERE + CYLINDER + CONE :

Hemisphere Cylinder Cone

Surface area = 2πr2 + 2πrh + πrl

Volume = r3 + πr2h + πr2h

▪ HEMISPHERE + CONE :

Hemisphere Cone

Surface area = 2πr2 + πrl

Volume = πr3 + πr2h

▪ SQUARE PRISM + SQUARE PYRAMID :

Prism Pyramid

Surface area = 4bh +2bl

Volume = b2h + b2h

ALGEBRA AND GEOMETRY

 Slope of the line AB with A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) :

▪ m = (y2-y1)÷(x2-x1)

 Midpoint of line AB with A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) :

(x1,y1) (x2,y2)

▪ Midpoint = (((x1 +x2)÷2),((y1 +y2)÷2))

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
 Co-ordinates of the point on the line which divides the line segment joining A(x1,y1) and B(x2,y2) in the
ratio m : n

(x1,y1) m n (x2,y2)

(((mx2 +nx1)÷(m+n)), ((my2 +ny1)÷(m +n)))

 Centroid of a triangle having vertices A(x1,y1) , B(x2,y2) and C(x3 ,y3) :

A(x1,y1)

C(x3,y3) B(x2,y2)

(((x1 +x2 +x3) ÷3) ,((y1 + y2 + y3 )÷3)))

 Finding fourth vertex :

(x1,y1) ( x1+x3-x2 , y1+y2-y3) (x1,y1) (x2,y1)

(x2,y2) (x3,y3)
(x1,y2) (x2,y2)

 Equation of line :

y-y1 = m(x-x1) [m = slope]

Equation of any line is of the form ax + by + c =0

Slope =

 To find the point on the line ax + by + c = 0 which intersect x axis,take y = 0.

 To find the point on the line ax + by + c = 0 which intersect y axis,take x = 0.

Eg : 2x + 3y + 4 = 0

If it cuts x axis,y = 0. 2x + 4 = 0 x = -2

If it cuts y axis,x = 0. 3y + 4 = 0 y =

 Equation of circle with :

▪Centre(0,0) and radius = r x2 + y2 =r2

▪Centre(a,b) and radius = r (x-a)2 + (y-b)2 = r2

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
 Co-ordinate of point on the circle :

▪ Centre(0,0) and radius = r

(r,0) , (-r,0) , (0,r) , (0,-r)

▪ Centre(0,0) and any point on the circle(a,b)

(a,b) , (-a,b) , (b,a) , (b,-a) , (-a,b) ,(-b,a) , (a,-b) ,(-b,a)

▪Centre(a,b) and radius = k

(a+k,b) , (a,b+k) , (a-k,b) , (a,b-k)

 If the equation of a cirle is given as ax2 + by2 +2ax +2by +c = 0

▪ To find the point on the circle which cut x axis, substitute y = 0.

▪ To find the point on the circle which cut y axis, substitute x = 0.

10

POLYNOMIALS

 If P(a) = 0 , (x-a) is a factor of P(x)

 If P(-a) = 0 , (x+a) is a factor of P(x)
 If P(a) ≠ 0 , (x-a) is a factor of P(x)-P(a)
 Remainder obtained when P(x) is divided by (x-a) is P(a)
 To factorise P(x) = ax2 + bx +c = 0 into two first degree polynomials :

Find a,b,c

Find b2-4ac

 If b2-4ac<0 , we can’t factorise.

±√
 If b2-4ac>0 , we can find two values using =
 Then P(x) = a(x-first value)(x-second value)
 Maximum value of k :

ax2 + bx + k = 0

b2-4ac = b2-4ak>0

b2>4ak

b2÷4a >k k< b2 ÷4a

 Remainder obtained when P(x) is divided by ax+b is P( )

 Remainder obtained when P(x) = 2x2 + 3x + 1 is divided by 2x+1 :

[2x+1 = 0

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 SSLC MATHEMATICS-EQUATIONS
2x = -1

X= ]

P( ) = 2×( )2 + 3×( ) + 1

= 2× + +1

= - +1=0

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STATISTICS

 Mean is got by dividing the sum of given values by the sum of the values.

Eg : 1,2,3,4,5

Mean = =3

 Median is the middlemost value while arranging the data either in ascending or descending order.

Eg : 1,2,3,4,5

Median = 3

MEDIAN FOR TABULAR DATA

 To find the median position for tabular data ,add 1 to the sum of the given values and then divide it

by 2.

Eg : = 11

 The value of median for tabular data will be the median position’s value.

Prepared by

Yamishna
Team Aplus Blog
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com
9072708051

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