LINEAR ALGEBRA

&
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION-

Batch no.-2

ECE

A. Poojitha B. Venkata T. Rishik- M. Akhil

241FA05004 Sai eswar Babu
241FA05035 241FA05052 241FA05062

QUESTIONS ABSTRACT:
1. Explain the types of solutions for a Linear systems are a fundamental part of
system of linear equations. algebra, representing equations with multiple
2. Determine all possibilities for the unknowns. They provide critical insights into
solution set of a non-homogeneous system of relationships between variables and their
two equations in two unknowns that has a solutions can vary from simple to complex,
solution of x=1 and y=6 offering either unique, infinite, or no solutions.
3. For what values of a and b does the
system has non-trivial solution. This presentation explores different solution
x-2y+3z=3 x+by+2z=2 types for systems of linear equations, focusing
on homogeneous systems and conditions for
-x-3y+ay=1

INTRODUCTION: non-trivial solutions. Special attention is given

to a specific system of three equations to
determine the values of constants a and b for a for the variables that satisfy all the equations.
non-trivial solution. Graphically, this happens when the lines
representing the equations intersect at exactly
one point.
For a system of two equations with two
variables, the slopes of the lines are different.
Example: x + y = 2 and 2x - y = 1
1.2. Infinitely Many Solutions
(Consistent and Dependent):
SOLUTIONS This occurs when the system has an infinite
number of solutions, meaning every point on
1.There are three possible types of solutions for one line is also on the other line.
a system of linear equations: 1.1. Unique Graphically, this happens when the lines
Solution (Consistent and Independent): representing the equations coincide (they are the
This occurs when the system has exactly one same line).
solution, meaning there is a single set of values
For a system of two equations with two Given that and is a solution, we can substitute
variables, this occurs if the equations
these values into the system. This gives:
are multiples of each other. Example: x
+ y = 2 and 2x + 2y = 4 a_1(1) + b_1(6) = 0 -equation 1 a_2(1) +
1.3. No Solution (Inconsistent):
b_2(6) = 0 -equation 2 Simplifying these, we
This occurs when the system has no
solution, meaning there is no set of get: a_1 + 6b_1 = 0 -equation 1 a_2 + 6b_2 =
values for the variables that satisfy all
0 -equation 2
the equations. Graphically, this
happens when the lines representing From these two equations, we can solve for and
the equations are parallel and never in terms of and:
intersect.
a_1 = -6b_1 a_2
For a system of two equations with two
variables, this occurs if the lines have the = -6b_2
same slope but different y-intercepts.
Thus, the system of equations can be written as:
Example: x + y = 2 and x + y = 4
-6b_1x + b_1y = 0 -6b_2x
These solutions can be generalized
to systems with more than two variables or + b_2y = 0 Factoring out
equations, but the same principles apply. and, we get b_1(-6x + y) =

0 b_2(-6x + y) = 0
A homogeneous system of two equations in two
unknowns can be written in the form: The general form of the solution is and,
meaning any multiple of is also a solution.
a_x + b_1y = 0 a_2x
Therefore, the solution set is the span of the
+ b_2y = 0 vector, meaning all solutions can be written
as:

(x, y) = t (1, 6) for scalar _f belongs to R

So, the possibilities for the solution set are all Therefore, we can consider from the above that
vectors of the form. The system has infinitely value of ‘b’ is satisfied for all the values of
many solutions forming a line in, passing ‘a’- except the value of a=3.
through the origin
CONCLUSION:
3. Given linear equations are:

x - 2y + 3z = 3 x 1. Types of Solutions for Systems of Linear

Equations
x+ by + 2z = 2

- x - 3y + az = 1
The analysis of systems of linear equations can
lead to three main types of solutions: a unique
solution, infinite solutions, or no solution.
1 −2 3 𝑥 3
1 𝑏 2 𝑦 = 2 These outcomes depend on the relationship
−1 −3 𝑎 𝑧 1 between the equations, which can be
1 −2 3 determined by examining the determinant of the
A= 1 𝑏 2 coefficient matrix and checking if the equations
−1 −3 𝑎 are independent or dependent. Understanding
the behavior of solutions is crucial for
applications in both theoretical and practical
scenarios.
Det(A)= (ab + 6) + 2(a + 2) + 3(- 3 - b)

= ab + 2a - 3b + 1
2. Homogeneous Systems and Given Solutions

From the above value(ab+2a-3b-

In the case of a homogeneous system, the
+1) solving ‘b’ in terms of ‘a’: ab- system always has at least the trivial solution (x
3b+2a+1=0 b(a-3) +2a+1=0 = 0, y = 0, etc.). When given specific solutions
b(a-3) = -(2a+1) like and, we conclude that the coefficients of the
b= -(2a+1)/(a-3), a not equals to 3 equations must align to satisfy these values,
Therefore, which leads to dependent conditions.
b= -(2a+1)/(a-3), a not equals to 3 Homogeneous systems can have infinite
solutions depending on the constraints of the
system, highlighting the importance of
understanding how parameters affect outcomes.
If a=1:
1b+2(1)- 3(b)+1=0
b+2-3b+1=0
3. Non-Trivial Solutions for Systems with
-2b+3=0
Parameters
b=3/2
If a=2:
2b+2(2)-3b+1=0 In systems with parameters (such as an),
-b+5=0 determining the conditions for non-trivial
b=5 solutions requires solving for when the
determinant of the coefficient matrix equals
zero. This ensures linear dependence, leading to
a non-trivial solution. The values of and control
whether the system has multiple solutions or
remains consistent. Such analysis is vital in
fields like engineering, physics, and economics
where parameterized systems often arise.

REFERENCE:
Linear Algebra and Its Applications" by Gilbert
Strang: This book covers systems of linear
equations, determinants, and solutions in detail,
providing both theoretical insights and practical
applications.

"Elementary Linear Algebra" by Howard

Anton: A widely used textbook that explains
systems of equations, types of solutions, and
matrix determinants.

"Introduction to Linear Algebra" by Serge

Lang: Offers a foundational understanding of
linear systems and the properties of matrices.