Islam

Sherimar B. Ramirez
 Islam Facts
• the fastest-growing religion with over
1.9 billion followers all over the globe
• the second most followed religion in
the world after Christianity
• “Islam” is an Arabic term which means
to submit one’s will to the will of God.
• A monotheistic religion that teaches
that there is only one divine being, one
supreme Creator of the universe.
Islam Facts
• Muslims believe that Islam is
the true religion of God
revealed to humanity.
• It is a universal religion that can
be practiced by anyone at any
time and in every place.
• The central concept of this way
of life is total submission to
God.
Who is Muslim?

• A Muslim is anyone who submits

their will to the one and only true
God who is worthy of worship,
“Allah” (God).
• A Muslim also believes in the
Prophet Muhammad as the last and
final prophet of God.
• By submitting oneself and
worshiping Allah (God), a Muslim
attains peace through obedience to
his commandments.
Who is Muslim?
• For a person to become a Muslim and accept
Islam as their faith, they must say and believe
in the following phrase:
o “La ilaha illa Allah. Muhammad rasool
Allah”
o This sentence literally means “There is no
God but Allah and Muhammad is His
messenger.”
o The sentence also means “There is none
worthy of worship except Allah, and
Muhammad is His messenger.”
o The moment a person says this phrase and
begins to act upon it they become a
Muslim.
 Who is Allah?

• Allah is the name God

Almighty has given Himself as
is mentioned many times in
the Holy Quran.
• Muslims believe He has no
partners in divinity, which
includes having no son, and
nothing is similar to Him.
 Who is Allah?
• Muslims believe that Allah is the
Originator and Sustainer of the
universe and that he created human
beings for only one purpose: to
worship Him alone.
• To worship anything besides Allah is
considered a grave sin. The reward
for worshiping Him alone and
following his path is goodness in this
world and Paradise in the next .
Sacred Text of Islam

A. The Holy B. The

Qur’an Hadith
A. The Holy
Quran
• A core belief taught in Islam is that
human beings are unique from
among God’s creation. We have the
ability to think freely and choose to
behave in any way we wish. In
order to communicate and guide
mankind, Allah sends Prophets and
Messengers with scriptures to
teach mankind about the true
message.
 A. The Holy
Quran

• Muslims believe that many scriptures

have been revealed to mankind in the
past. They include the Torah sent to
Moses, the Psalms sent to David, and
the Gospel sent to Jesus Christ.
• The Holy Qur’an is the last revelation
from Allah sent to all of mankind and
it was revealed to his final messenger,
Prophet Muhammad.
A. The Holy Quran
• Muslims believe that Islam is not a new religion, but
rather a continuation and completion of the message
revealed to the Prophets of the past.
• The Holy Qur’an contains 114 chapters and it was
revealed over 1,400 years ago to Prophet Muhammad.
• Muslims believe that it is the verbatim word of Allah; it
has not been tampered, edited, or changed in any way
throughout those years. The Qur’an we have today is the
same Qur’an that was originally revealed to Muhammad.
This scripture covers the major themes of life such as
piety, worship, belief, morals, good deeds, sins, death,
the afterlife, and much more.
 B. The Hadith

• The hadith is the collection of the

deeds and sayings of Muhammad
and his followers (“traditional
reports or sayings”) and is the
second source of Shari’a law.
• Unlike the Quran that was officially
compiled under the auspices of a
central authority, the hadiths were
collected generations after the
death of Muhammad. The hadiths
are recognized today as second in
authority after the Quran.
Founder of Islam
Who is Prophet
Muhammad?
• From the beginning of mankind until the
present day Allah has sent a Prophet to
every nation to guide them to the truth.
They were sent to teach their people to
worship God alone and not to ascribe any
divine partners to Him. The names of these
Prophets may sound familiar to you. They
include Adam, Nuh (Noah), Ibrahim
(Abraham), Ismail, Ishaq (Isaac), Yaqub
(Jacob), Jesus, Muhammad, and many
others.
• Muslims believe Jesus to be a Prophet of
God rather than a divine being or son.
• This chain of prophethood began with
Adam and ended with Muhammad, the
final Prophet of Allah.
Who is Prophet
Muhammad?
• He was born in Makkah in the year 570,
about six centuries after Jesus.
• He grew up to be known as an honest and
truthful person throughout the city. When he
reached the age of 40 he was chosen to be a
Prophet of Allah.
• He was chosen at a time when mankind had
turned away from the original message of
Islam that the previous Prophets had come
with.
• Muslims believe the Gospel, Torah, and other
scriptures were distorted by people after
their Prophets had passed away.
Who is Prophet
Muhammad?
• Allah sent the archangel Gabriel
to reveal the Qur’an to
Muhammad to spread the
correct, unadulterated teachings
of Islam to the four corners of the
globe.
• Allah gave Muhammad the ability
to carry on the message
successfully and today 1.6 billion
believe in this faith.
 A. The 5 Pillars of Islam

• 1. Belief in One God and the Testimony of Faith

(Tawheed)
• 2. Prayer (Salah/Salat)
• 3. Giving Wealth (Zakat)
• 4. Fasting in the Month of Ramadan (Sawm)
Doctrines of • 5. The Pilgrimage to Makkah (Hajj)

Islam B. The 6 Pillars of Faith

• 1. Belief in Allah
• 2. Belief in the Angels
• 3. Belief in the Revealed Scriptures
• 4. Belief in the Messengers
• 5. Belief in the Last Day
• 6. Belief in the Divine Decree
The 5 Pillars of Islam

1. Belief in One God and the Testimony of

Faith (Tawheed)
• Tawheed (pronounced tow-heed) is an
Arabic term which refers to the unique
belief in the oneness of God. It refers
to the belief that there is only one
divine being that is worthy of worship –
Allah.
• When Muslims mention the name of
Allah, they are calling out to the one
true God of the universe.
The 5 Pillars of Islam
1.Belief in One God and the Testimony of Faith
(Tawheed)
• Tawheed is the first and the most important
pillar of the five pillars of Islam. Believing
and acting on this pillar is the key to
entering Islam. In order to become a Muslim
and enter into the fold of Islam a person must
pronounce the testimony of faith,
or shahada in Arabic.
• The testimony of faith is a single statement:
“Laa ilaha illa Allah Muhammad Rasoolullah”
this sentence means “There is no God but Allah
The 5 Pillars of Islam
1.Belief in One God and the Testimony of Faith
(Tawheed)
• It means to admit and to believe that none
deserves to be worshipped except Allah, and
Muhammad is Allah’s Messenger. The entirety of
the religion and all of its teachings is built
upon the foundation of this belief in God.
• The testimony of faith (shahada) is the most
important thing in the life of a Muslim. The
words “La ilaha illAllah” are announced during
the call to prayer and in sermons. It is the
phrase by which the earth and heavens were
raised. Every single creation was created for
this phrase. This is the phrase which
The 5 Pillars of
Islam
2. Prayer (Salah/Salat)
The prayer is the second most
important pillar in Islam, and it is the
first thing that a person will be held
accountable for on the Day of
Judgment.
If the person’s prayer is good, then
that person will be successful. But if
the person’s prayer is incorrect in
some way, then that person will have
achieved failure.
The 5 Pillars of
Islam
2. Prayer (Salah/Salat)
There are five obligatory prayers
that every sane adult Muslim has
to observe every day. The five daily
prayers are:
Fajr (early morning, before
dawn)
Duhr (mid-day, just after noon)
‘Asr (mid afternoon)
Maghrib (just after sunset)
Isha (at night, after dark has
fallen)
The 5 Pillars of
Islam

2. Prayer (Salah/Salat)
▪ The prayer is the link between a

person and Allah. It is an intimate

relationship a person has with His
Creator and it should be performed
to the best of one’s ability.
▪ One of the many things that Islam is

known for is the brotherhood and

sisterhood between Muslims. One of
ways this feeling of belonging is
achieved is through the prayer in
congregation.
 The 5 Pillars of
Islam

• 3. Giving Wealth (Zakat)

• Zakat is the third pillar of Islam. It is
a specified portion of a Muslim’s
wealth that is given to those in need.
It is the amount given once a year to
support specific categories of
people. The amount is about 2.5% of
total wealth which includes the
following asset classes: Gold and
silver; Precious metals; Stocks and
shares; Real estate; Cash and
Agricultural livestock.
The 5 Pillars
of Islam
• 3. Giving Wealth (Zakat)
• The linguistic meaning of zakat is “that
which purifies.” It is considered to be a
way for Muslims to purify their wealth
and income. Similar to how the prayer
(salah) purifies a person’s soul, zakat
purifies your assets and earns you the
pleasure of Allah because your wealth is
distributed to those in need.
• Allah has enjoined upon the Muslims
zakat which is taken from those who
have wealth and given to those in need.
The 5 Pillars of Islam
• 3. Giving Wealth (Zakat)
• Zakat is only obligatory for Muslims who have reached puberty (i.e.
they are adults), are mentally stable, and are financially capable.
Furthermore, the amount of wealth a person has must reach a certain
threshold known as the nisaab. The nisaab is a minimum amount of
wealth a person must have before zakat becomes due upon them. The
wealth should be in their possession for one year.
The 5 Pillars of Islam
• 4. Fasting in the month of Ramadan (Sawm)
• Fasting in the month of Ramadan is the fourth pillar of Islam. It
refers to the practice of abstaining from eating food, drinking
liquids, and having intercourse from the break of dawn until
sunset.
• Similar to the pillars that have been mentioned already, fasting is
obligatory upon every sane, adult Muslim, male and female alike.
The 5 Pillars of
Islam
• 4. Fasting in the month of
Ramadan (Sawm)
• Allah has enjoined upon the
Muslims to fast for one month of
the year in order to strengthen
our faith, piety and God
consciousness. This involves
avoiding that which Allah has
forbidden, practicing patience
throughout the day, bringing our
desires under control, competing
in generosity through charity, and
demonstrating co-operation and
mutual compassion.
The 5 Pillars of
Islam

• 4. Fasting in the month of

Ramadan (Sawm)
• The month of Ramadan is a
great month as it was the
period in which Allah
revealed the Qur’an to
Prophet Muhammad. The
reward for good deeds,
acts of charity and acts of
worship are multiplied in
this month.
The 5 Pillars of
Islam
• 5. Hajj – The Pilgrimage to Makkah
• The fifth and final pillar of Islam is to
perform the hajj, the pilgrimage to
Makkah. Every year millions of
Muslims make their way to the
Kaba, the Sacred House of Allah in
Makkah to perform the pilgrimage.
• It is one of the most significant
forms of worship in Islam and it
demonstrates unity among the
Muslims.
The 5 Pillars
of Islam
• 5. Hajj – The Pilgrimage to
Makkah
• This action is required from
every Muslim to perform at
least once in their lifetime if
they are physically and
financially capable. It is a deed
that requires much time and
energy from a person which is
why it is required to be done
only once in a lifetime.
The 5 Pillars of
Islam

• 5. Hajj – The Pilgrimage to Makkah

• The reward for performing hajj is
great. The Prophet Muhammad
said concerning the reward of hajj:
• “He who performs Hajj seeking
Allah’s pleasure and avoids all
lewdness and sins (therein) will
return after Hajj free from all
sins, just as he was on the day his
mother gave birth to him.”
Prophet Muhammad.
The 6 Pillars of Faith

1. Belief in Allah
• Belief in Allah is the foundation for which a
Muslim’s faith is built upon. It is to believe
that Allah is the only Creator, Sustainer,
King, and Planner of everything in
existence.
• Muslims believe that all of mankind was
created to dedicate worship for Allah
alone.
• This means to believe in Allah and in His
Attributes in the way that is taught within
the Qur’an and the Sunnah (teachings of
Prophet Muhammad).
 • 2. Belief in the Angels
• Angels are from the world of the unseen. They were created to obey the
The 6 Pillars
commands of Allah and they never transgress His laws or commands.
• It is upon the Muslim to believe that the angels exist, that they are the
of Faith creation of Allah, and that some of them have been given names. Some of
these names are Jibreel (Gabriel), Mikail, Israfeel, and Malik.
• It is very important for Muslims to believe that every human being has two
angels with him who records all of their deeds in a book, regardless of
whether they are good deeds or sins.
 • 3. Belief in the Revealed Scriptures
• In Islam it is a part of faith to believe all the books that were

The 6 Pillars
revealed to the messengers. There have been many scriptures
revealed throughout the history of mankind. Allah tells us about a

of Faith
few of the names of the scriptures in the Qur’an.
• They include the Torah which was sent to Moses, the Gospel which
was sent to Jesus, the Psalms (Zaboor) which was sent to David,
the scriptures of Ibrahim (Abraham), and the Qur’an itself which
was sent to Muhammad.
 • 3. Belief in the Revealed Scriptures
• It is obligatory for Muslims to believe in all the Books
The 6 Pillars of which Allah has revealed and in all the Prophets and
Messengers whom Allah has sent.
Faith • Believing in the books that were revealed to the
Messengers includes believing that they were revealed
by Allah.
 The 6 Pillars of
Faith
• 4. Belief in the Messengers
• There are 25 messengers who have been
mentioned by name in the Qur’an. They include:
Adam, Idrees, Nooh (Noah), Hood, Salih, Ibrahim
(Abraham), Lut (Lot), Ismail, Ishaq (Isaac), Ya’qoob
(Jacob), Yusuf (Joseph), Shu’ayb, Ayoob (Job), Dhu’l-
Kifl, Moosa (Moses), Haroon (Aaron), Dawood
(David), Sulaymaan (Solomon), Ilyaas (Elias), al-
Yasa’, Yunus (Jonah), Zakaria, Yahya, ‘Isa (Jesus) and
Muhammad – blessings and peace be upon them
all.
• Prophets and messengers were chosen by Allah,
and were sent to every nation throughout the
history of mankind.
The 6 Pillars of Faith
• 4. Belief in the Messengers
• Muslims believe they were
commanded to call the people to
worship only one God – Allah,
without associating any partners
with Him. They were also
commanded to warn those who
disbelieved about the punishment
of Hell, and to give glad tidings to
those who believed about the
reward of Paradise.
 The 6 Pillars of Faith
• 4. Belief in the Messengers
• Some of the prophets and messengers have
been given a higher status than the others. Five
messengers in particular were given the special
title of the Messengers of Strong Will. They
were the best messengers of Allah sent
throughout history. They are Noah, Abraham,
Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad who was the
best of all messengers. Every messenger before
him was sent to a specific nation. As for
Muhammad, he was the final Prophet and was
sent to all of mankind.
The 6 Pillars of
Faith
• 4. Belief in the Messengers
• Allah chose the prophets and
messengers as the best of examples
to their nations. Allah bestowed
upon them knowledge,
understanding, guidance, miracles,
protection from falling into sin, and
honor.
• As for Muhammad he was given
more blessings than the prophets
and messengers who came before
him. The biggest blessing was to be
given the final scripture (Qur’an)
and be the last messenger sent to
mankind.
 The 6 Pillars of
Faith
• 5. Belief in the Last Day
• The Day of Judgment is the day when
Allah judges mankind for their deeds.
Every human being will be resurrected
from their graves and will be given
their book of deeds – both good and
bad. They will regret the sins they
committed as well as the good deeds
they had missed.
• Believing in the Last Day includes the
belief of the punishment and bliss of
the grave, belief in the resurrection,
belief in the judgment of the scales
which will balance your deeds, and
belief in Paradise and Hell.
 • 6. Belief in Divine Decree (Al-Qadar)
• Al-Qadar is what Allah decrees for every single
The 6 Pillars creation based on what has preceded in terms of
His Knowledge and in accordance with His Wisdom.
of Faith Belief in this pillar is to believe that everything that
happens, good or bad, happens only according to
Allah’s divine decree.
Major Divisions of Islam

2.
1. Sunni 3. Sufi
Shia/Shi’ite
Major Divisions of Islam
1. SUNNI- Sunnis are formally known as Ahl al-Sunna wa’l-Jama‘a or “the people of the Prophet’s
way and the community.”
o The term Sunni derives from the followers of the sunna, which are the sayings and actions of the
Prophet.
o They believe that Muhammad did not designate a successor.
o They also believe that the hadith come from the Prophet’s companions.
o They rely on the consensus of opinion of the scholars of the community for guidance in
matters of religion
o Sunnis strive to live according to the example of the Prophet as found in medieval records of
the sunna.
Major Divisions of Islam
2. SHIA/ SHI’ITE- believe that Muhammad designate a successor through his cousin-in-law, Hazrat Ali to lead
the Muslim community on several occasions.
o They also believe that the imams are the source for the hadith.
o When settling disputes not related to hadith or Quran, they rely on the infallibility of the imams.
o The Shia also strive to live according to the sunna, or example of Prophet Muhammad, as interpreted by
the teachings of their hereditary Imams.
o In addition, they recognize the ongoing leadership and strive to follow the guidance of the Imams, who are
responsible for interpreting the faith, as well as improving the quality of life of those who refer to them.
Major Divisions of Islam
3. SUFI- came from the word “suf” meanining woolen since Sufi Muslim wear
coarse wool garments or robes to symbolize poverty and denunciation of wordly
pleasures.
o A Sufi can be a Sunni or Shi’ite.
o It is also a contemplative school of Islam that aims to develop an individual's
consciousness of God though chanting, recitation of litanies, music and physical
movement.
o For Sufis, what’s important is approaching the inner meaning of God through
mysticism. They try to reach an understanding of the hidden meanings of the
world.
o They have an open relationship with other religions.
Issues in Islam
1. GENDER INEQUALITY- The Holy Qur’an states clearly that women are to be
subordinate to men.
o Qur’an 4.34: “Men stand superior to women in that God hath preferred some of
them over others, and in that they expend of their wealth; and the virtuous
women, devoted, careful (in their husbands’) absence, as God has cared for
them. But those whose perverseness ye fear, admonish them and remove them
into bed-chambers and beat them; but if they submit to you, then do not seek a
way against them; verily, God is high and great.”
o Men are providers for women and in exchange for support, women should be
obedient and serve their husbands. They should keep their virginity and after
marriage, loyalty, chastity and complete dedication to their husbands are
prerequisite for securing maintenance.
Issues in Islam
2. THE HOLY WAR/ JIHAD- Jihad refers to the obligation incumbent on all Muslims, individuals and
the community, to follow and realize God’s will.
o Jihad as struggle pertains to the difficulty and complexity of living a good life: struggling against
the evil in oneself – to be virtuous and moral, making a serious effort to do good works and help
to reform society.
o Depending on the circumstances in which one lives, it also can mean fighting injustice and
oppression, spreading and defending Islam and creating a just society through preaching,
teaching and, if necessary, armed struggle or holy war.
o Since the late 20th century, the word jihad has gained remarkable currency: used by resistance,
liberation, and terrorist movements alike to legitimate their cause and motivate their followers.
The Afghan Mujahiddin, the Taliban and the Northern Alliance, have waged a jihad in
Afghanistan against foreign powers and among themselves; Muslims in Kashmir, Chechnya,
Daghestan and the southern Philippines, Bosnia and Kosovo have fashioned their struggles as
jihads; Hizbollah, HAMAS, and Islamic Jihad Palestine have characterized war with Israel as a
jihad.
Issues in Islam
3. MILITANCY AND TERRORISM- Islam is a religion of mercy that prohibits
terrorism. During Muhammad’s time, he proscribed/forbid his soldiers to kill
women and children and even listed murder as the second of the major sins.
o Punishment using fire was also forbidden by Muhammad. Since Islam is a
religion of peace and mercy, terrorism in all its forms is abhorred by Muslims.
o Destruction of human lives, buildings, infrastructures, shrines, and other
properties are despicable in the light of various Islamic texts.
o Muslims who promote terrorism and mass slaughter of innocent and helpless
civilians do not embody Islamic ideals. Their blatant disregard of Quranic
teachings distorts the very essence of Islam as a peaceful religion.
o The presence of violence in Islamic society cannot be attributed to the teachings
of Islam but to the failings of human adherents of the religion.
Issues in Islam
4. MIGRATION- Muhajir comes from the word hijra, which has been
translated as both migration and emigration.
o Migration depends on whether one is able to practice Islam openly
and worship openly. If a person cannot do that and he fears fitnah
(tribulation), then he must migrate; if he is able to practice Islam
openly but he is able to migrate, then migration is mustahabb
(recommended); if he is able to practice Islam openly and he engages
in da’wah and teaches the Muslims, then he may stay.