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3 Islam

The five pillars of Islam are the core beliefs and practices in Islam that include the Shahadah (creed), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). The pillars outline important religious duties for Muslims and serve as a foundation for Islamic faith and worship.

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Jerik Christoffer Ordinario Gaspar
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33 views17 pages

3 Islam

The five pillars of Islam are the core beliefs and practices in Islam that include the Shahadah (creed), Salat (prayer), Zakat (charity), Sawm (fasting during Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). The pillars outline important religious duties for Muslims and serve as a foundation for Islamic faith and worship.

Uploaded by

Jerik Christoffer Ordinario Gaspar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Islam

Learning Objective
• To identify the five pillars of
Islam
Key Understanding
• Knowledge of the five pillars of Islam
is key to understanding this religion.
Key Question
 What are the five pillars of Islam?
What is Islam?
• Islam is the second most widespread religion, next to Christianity.
Those who practice Islam are called Muslims.
• Like Judaism and Christianity, there are variations within Islam.
The two major divisions of Islam are the Sunnites and the Shiites.
• Islam seems to be the third and the final revelation of the
Abrahamic monotheistic tradition and it constitutes the third and
major branch of monotheism.
• It is, therefore, a religion that somehow necessitates the study of
the whole religious family to which Jews and Christians belongs.
What is Islam?
• Islam considers itself as the final and definitive
revelation in the history of humanity.
• It believes that there will be no other revelation until the
end of human history as it is described in the final
chapters of the Qur’an, which is the verbatim word of
God in the Islamic tradition.
• Muhammad is the Prophet of Islam and he is often
referred to as ‘the Seal of Prophets’; he is the last
prophet.
What is Islam?
• Islam considers itself as the final revelation in the chain of
prophecy that begins with Adam, who they consider as the
father of humankind and also as the first prophet.
• The Islamic message is none other than the acceptance of
God as the One and submission to Him, which results in
peace.
• Hence the name of Islam means surrender to the Will of
the One God, and He is called Allah in Arabic” (Nasr 1993,
428).
What is Islam?
• Islam signifies also the return to primordial religion. It is not
based on a particular historical event or an ethnic group but on
a universal and primordial truth, which has therefore always
been and will always be.
• The primordial character of the Islamic message is reflected not
only in its essentiality, universality, and simplicity but also in its
inclusive attitude toward the religions that preceded it.
• As every veritable Omega is also the alpha, Islam is the
terminal religion but also is the primordial religion, and this is
discernible in the Qur’an.
The Qur’an
• The Qur’an, sacred text of Islam, is believed to be the
literal Word of Allah. They being learning it at an early age;
the Qur’an is read to babies, and toddlers who can already
speak are asked to memorize and recite Qur’anic verses.
• People who manage to memorize the book are held in
high regard by the communities.
• Since the Qur’an is written in Arabic, the language is
respected by the Muslims.
The Qur’an
• For them, the book is a unique event in the history of
humankind, held as eternal and unchangeable, just like Allah.
• The Qur’an consists of 114 chapters, or surahs, each
composed of verses, or ayahs.
• The shorter chapters are called Meccan surahs because they
are believed to have been revealed to Muhammad in Mecca,
while the longer ones are called Medinan chapters, believed to
have been revealed later when Muhammad was in Medina.
The Qur’an
• The Qur’an condemns any association of a person or
thing with God. They believe that it violates a
fundamental Islamic principle--that there is just one God.
That is why they reject the divinity of Jesus Christ.
• An important branch of Islam is the proper interpretation
of Qur’an, and the intellectual explanation of Qur’an is
called Tafsir, written by Mufassir. (Gordon, 1991:51)
The Qur’an
• Again, like Judaism and Christianity, Islam is a
religion that emphasizes on the community.
According to the Qur’an, God made the Muslims
into a particular community, the ummah, and a
devout Muslim is both loyal to Allah and the
ummah. “The goal of the Muslim society is to
create a just society.”
Five Pillars of Islam
Shahadah (Creed)
• “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his
messenger.” This creed summarizes the faith of a
Muslim. “It is the first sentence whispered into the ears
of a newborn infant; it is recited daily in prayer; and it is
written in Arabic everywhere inside the domes of
mosques and over their doors.” (Molloy, 2005: 440).
• In this very short and simple creed, we see its contrast
to the Christian creed, which is long and emphasizes
belief in the Trinity, and belief that Jesus is divine.
Muslims reject this, because for them there is only one
God, and Muhammad is just a messenger, and not
divine like Jesus.
Five Pillars of Islam
Salat (Prayer)
• “Muslims pray five times a day: before dawn, midday, mid
afternoon, sunset, and nighttime.
• Before prayer, there is an individual cleansing ritual with water,
washing the hands, arms, face, neck, and feet.

• Muslims pray facing Mecca; there is a special arched niche


called mihrab inside the mosque that indicates the qibla—the
direction of the Kaaba in Mecca.
Five Pillars of Islam
Salat (Prayer)

• The early Muslims prayed facing Jerusalem, but later


revelations to Muhammad instructed them to pray
facing Mecca. “Friday is a day of public prayer. On
other days, people may pray privately, at home or at
work, as well as in a mosque (Molloy, 2005: 440-1).
Five Pillars of Islam
Zakat (Charity)
• Muslims donate certain percentages of their wages to
the poor.
• In Islamic countries, the government is involved in
imposing taxes for zakat. “In addition to established
yearly donations, a good Muslim is expected to
perform isolated acts of generosity and charity for the
poor when such acts are called for in everyday life”.
Five Pillars of Islam
Sawm (Fasting on Ramadan)
• Ramadan is a period of shared fasting among Muslims. It is the ninth
month in the Muslim calendar, which commemorates Allah’s first
revelations to Muhammad.
• During the month-long Ramadan, people abstain from food, drinks,
tobacco and sex from dawn until dusk, except for travelers, pregnant
women, and the sick.
• “The purpose of fasting is to discipline oneself, to develop sympathy for
the poor and hungry, and to give to others what one would have eaten.
Fasting is thought to be good for individual spiritual growth”
Five Pillars of Islam
Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
• Pilgrimage is a “religious journey by a believer to a sacred city or
site. All Muslims (unless prevented by poverty or sickness) are
expected to visit Mecca at least once in their lifetime (Molloy, 2005:
443).”
• Hajj is already a practice before Muhammad’s time. When he went
back to Mecca after preaching in Medina, he continued several
practices of the pilgrimage, including veneration of the black
meteorite--which is believed to be a special gift from Allah, carried
to earth by the angel Gabriel.”

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