Mos For Soil Resistivity
Mos For Soil Resistivity
MEASUREMENT OF SOIL
RESISTIVITY
CONSULTANT:
GOPA-INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONSULTANTS
GMBH LLC-ABU DHABI
MAIN CONTRACTOR:
ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS LLC
➢ RISK ASSESSMENT 3
SUBMITTED BY
A-14787 SUPPLY, INSTALLATION & CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415KV BRICK
BUILT SUBSTATIONS (100 NOS.) IN AL AIN
METHOD STATEMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISTIVITY
OWNER:
CONSULTANT:
GOPA INTEC
MAIN CONTACTOR:
ENGSOL
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION
(100 NOS) IN AL AIN
TABLE OF CONTENT
SNO DESCRIPTION
1.0 Objective
3.0 Introduction
1.0 Objective
The method statement describes the procedure for the Measurement of soil resistivity.
This document defines the methods to be adopted to ensure that the works conducted at site are in
compliance with the approved shop drawing and material approvals. That the soil resistivity is
measured in accordance with the approved ADWEA/AADC standard technical specifications,
engineering standards and relevant IEEE standards, using recognized practices that are safe and
compliant with the Project Safety Plan and associated Safety Procedures.
3.0 Introduction
Soil resistivity data is the key factor in designing a grounding system for a specific performance
objective. All soil type conducts electrical current, with some soil type having good electrical
conductivity while majority have poor electrical conductivity.
7.0 Abbreviations/Definition
carry out inspections. Identify and reporting to QA/QC Engineer for any non- conformances. Keeping
a daily log of all the Inspection Request submitted by Project Engineer. Carry out statistical analysis of
the Inspection and test results to improve quality control operations on site, to verify testing/ checking
compliance and to advise the Project Engineer of the results.
8.5The Site Engineer shall be responsible for the following
The Site Engineer shall ensure that all works are carried out according to design and approved shop
drawings and method of statement
8.6 The HSE Engineer shall be responsible for the following
The HSE engineer will monitor and implement all HSE related issues. He shall ensure that all necessary
requirements regarding health, safety and environment concerns are met and adhered to. The HSE
engineer shall ensure that all permits and authorization are on hand prior to starting any site operation
The method for measurement of soil resistivity is the Wenner Four Point Method.
It uses a 4-pole digital ground resistance meter, such as the Megger 5/4 the AEMC 4500 meters,
probes, and conductors.
It requires four electrodes which are driven down to the same depth and equal distances apart in a
straight line in the soil with four separate lead wires connect the electrodes to the four terminals on
the instrument.
The four-pole test meter injects a constant current through the ground via the two probes (C1&C2).
The current flowing through the earth (a resistivity material) develops a voltage drop resulting from
the current flow and is then measured between the two inner probes (P1&P2).
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION
(100 NOS) IN AL AIN
The electrode (C1, P1, P2, C2) spacing's shall be in equal intervals of 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, 5m, 6m... etc.
and the resistivity measurements shall be taken up to 3 meter outside the plot limit and in 8 directions
from center of the plot.
The meter then calculates the amount of current that is flowing through the earth and the voltage
drop across the two center probes. With this information, the meter uses ohms law (R=E/I) to calculate
and display the resistance value in Ohms.
Here,
This displayed resistance value is in Ohms and must be converted to Ohm-meters, which are the units
of measurement for soil resistivity.
Ohms-meters are the resistance of a volume of earth that is one meter by one meter, or one cubic
meter.
To convert from the displayed ohms to ohm-meters, the meter reading is multiplied by the probe
spacing. The following shows the calculation in a formula in accordance to equation of IEEE-80:
4𝜋 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑅
𝜌𝑎 =
2𝑎 𝑎
1+ 2 2
− 2
√𝑎 + 4𝑏 √𝑎 + 𝑏 2
Readings are usually taken at probe spacing’s of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12… meter intervals. The calculated soil
resistivity is the average value of the soil resistivity from the surface to a depth equivalent to the probe
spacing.
Several readings at the different probe spacing’s and at different test points of the site are required.
The more data available to the design team, the more accurately they will be able to design and predict
the grounding system performance.
Reading shall be ideally taken along at least two sides of the site and diagonally from one corner to
the other. A pipe or some underground structure could influence the readings, which should be
avoided by using different function.
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION
(100 NOS) IN AL AIN
The more data available and used in the design provides more confidence in the outcome.
The following procedure is generic and will work with all ground resistance tester/meters. However,
the meter’s manual should be consulted for operational details.
By increasing the spacing between adjacent electrodes, the soil resistivity in greater depth is
measured. Generally, it can be assumed that the measured depth is equal to the electrode spacing.
Since homogeneous soil is up to greater depth is rare, soil resistivity will generally vary with increasing
electrode spacing. The values measured will therefore be considered as parent soil resistivity.
The measurement should be carried out in such a way to cover the plot area (plus 3mtr beyond the
plot limit) and cover the area of high voltage equipment of the substation. Considering the size of the
plot, there should be eight test lines with electrodes spacing varying from 1m to 50m. The probe
spacing ‘a’ in the field measurement table shall be followed up to 50m, beyond 50m the spacing
distance shall vary exponentially till it covers the whole plot, (Diagonal length = 70.71 m).
Step 1.
Drive the electrode rods in various locations at same depth. Additional care shall be taken while driving
the rods in the soil.
Step 2.
Install the 4 test probes in the ground equally spaced in a straight line. Generally shorter spacing is
done first.
Step 3.
Using the conductors, connect the C1, P1, P2 and C2 terminals to the electrodes in order from the end,
Care shall be taken as the test result will be invalid if the electrodes are not connected properly. Verify
that the metal strip between meters C1 and P1 terminals and disconnected (as it is used for three-
point testing).
Step 4.
Press the test button and read the digital display.
Record the reading on the soil resistivity field report work sheet at the appropriate location. If the
reading is not stable or displays an error indication, double - check the connection.
For some meters, the range and test current setting may be changed until a combination that provides
a stable reading without indication is reached.
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION
(100 NOS) IN AL AIN
Also, an effective way of decreasing the electrode resistance to ground is by pouring water around it.
The addition of moisture is insignificant for the reading it will only achieve a better electrical
connection and will not influence the overall results.
Also, a longer probe or multiple probes (within a short distance) may help.
Step 5.
Steps 1-5 of this procedure must be repeated at multiple locations on the site to obtain a reliable soil
profile.
Stray currents, buried water pipes, cable sheaths and other factors may interfere and distort the
readings.
Measurements should be taken along 8 directions at each site as a minimum.
Sometimes this may not be feasible, but the more data that can be obtained, the more accurate the
generated soil model will be.
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION
(100 NOS) IN AL AIN
However, depending on the conditions at site, additional test lines may be required. The actual
location of the measuring lines depends on the condition at site. Nevertheless, as the electrode
spacing is large, the precise measuring line is not decisive.
5 0.5
6 0.5
7 0.5
8 0.5
9 0.5
10 0.5
Date / Time Remarks:
Temperature Above results will be used in
calculation for the Substation
Weather Conditions Earthing System.
Ground Conditions
In addition to the resistance readings, the following information will be checked on site:
❖ Soil description
❖ Weather conditions at time of performing the test
❖ Ambient temperature at time of performing the test
❖ Resistance Tester Type
❖ Resistivity Tester Model
❖ Resistivity Tester Certificate
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION
(100 NOS) IN AL AIN
4𝜋 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝑅
𝜌𝑎 =
2𝑎 𝑎
1+ 2 2
− 2
√𝑎 + 4𝑏 √𝑎 + 𝑏 2
• Work will commence as per safety regulations laid down in the contract specifications and project
safety plan.
• The HSE officer is responsible for supervising the works to ensure full compliance with
HSE requirements and procedures.
• Awareness training to the work force shall be conducted by HSE team prior start of activity.
• Tool Box talk shall be conducted by supervisor to brief the risk assessment associated with the activity.
• Proper access & egress should be provided to work area.
• Make sure proper PPE is available with workers.
For
0 25.02.2019 RV VK VK
Approval
REV DATE DESCRIPTION PREP. CHECK VER
PROJECT: A-14787- SUPPLY, INSTALLATION, CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT
SUBSTATION (100 NOS) IN AL AIN.
INSPECTION TEST PLAN FOR MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISTIVITY
LEGEND
Consultant
Contractor
ITP
Activity Description Reference Documents Acceptance Criteria Inspection Record Responsibility
Client
Code
1.0 Submittals
Material Submittal -
1.1 Material Approvals • Project Specification • Approved Material Submittal Material R R S
form
• Project Specification &
Method statement -
1.2 Method Statement Manufacturers product • Approved Method statement. Quality Officer
H R S
submittal form
data sheet.
2.0 Inspection
• Approved
Quality Officer
• Project Specification- Material
• Material should comply with &
• Approved Material Submittals -
2.1 Material Delivery approved material submittals & Construction
Submittals • Project H W/R(1) S
Project Specification manager
Specification
Consultant
Contractor
ITP
Activity Description Reference Documents Acceptance Criteria Inspection Record Responsibility
Client
Code
A-14787 SUPPLY, INSTALLATION & CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415KV BRICK
BUILT SUBSTATIONS (100 NOS.) IN AL AIN
METHOD STATEMENT FOR MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISTIVITY
Rev. No. 0
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION (100 NOS) IN AL AIN
Issue Date: 24.02.2019
RISK ASSESSMENT
JOB TITLE: MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISITIVITY
DATE OF ASSESSMENT
Risk Factor Matrix Residual Risk
Rating Risk
Risk Rating
Probability
Probability
Sl No.
Severity
Severity
Activity Potential Hazards Responsible person
Control Measures Additional control measures
Proper supervision
9 (Medium Risk)
2 (Low Risk)
Site Engineer,
1 Electricity / Power Tools Death through electrocution 3 3 Daily tool box talk to be conducted 2 1
Ensure all workers are wearing PPE's. all personal Foremen,HSE.
must be train for the job execuation. 230 v or battery
operation.
2(Low Risk)
Ensure visble warning barricade provided if utilities
Electrocution, injury, cannot be avoided. Use proper equipments for soil
Soil digging (Use of
2 fatality & damage to 3 3 digging Only authorised should be 2 1 Foreman/Electrician,HSE
electrical & other utilities)
property Ensure the machines are proper working condition permitted to handle tools.
2(Low Risk)
Working during summer May cause dizeness,sun Cotton cover all should be used. Labourers should be made to work in Site engineer,
3 3 2 2 1
period stroke,heat stress groups Foremen,Electrician,HSE
Use black Goggles
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Doc.No :
Rev. No. 0
PROJECT: SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND CONSTRUCTION OF 11/0.415kV BRICK BUILT SUBSTATION (100 NOS) IN AL AIN
Issue Date: 24.02.2019
RISK ASSESSMENT
JOB TITLE: MEASUREMENT OF SOIL RESISITIVITY
DATE OF ASSESSMENT
Severity
PROBABILITY
Insignificant (1) Minor (2) Moderate (3) Major (4) Catastrophic (5) ASSESSMENT METHOD
• DENTIFY THE HAZARD
Rare (1) 1 2 3 4 5 • ASSESS THE PROBABILITY
• ASSESS THE CONSEQUENCE
Possible (2) 2 4 6 8 10 • USE THE CHART TO ESTABLISH RATING
• INTRODUCE MITIGATING ACTIONS
• ESTABLISH RESIDUAL RISK
PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
Likely (3) 3 6 9 12 15
• IDENTIFY RESPONSIBLE PERSON
• MONITOR AND REVIEW
Often (4) 4 8 12 16 20
Frequent/Almost
5 10 15 20 25
Certain (5)
15 - 25 Extreme Risk Absolutely Unacceptably High Activity or industry should not proceed in current form
Unacceptably High Activity or industry should be modified to include remedial planning and action and be subject to detailed HSE
8 – 12 High Risk
assessment
Acceptable but must be managed at “As Low As Reasonably Practicable” (ALARP) Activity or industry can operate subject to
4–6 Moderate Risk
management and / or modification
1–3 Low Risk Acceptable without required further action No action required unless escalation of risk is possible
CONSEQUENCE OF OCCURRENCE
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