ALIGNMENT

ALIGNMENT
It is collinear of two center lines

TYPES OF COUPLINGS

1 -Rigid Couplings : It is a metal to metal contact (%100 collinear)

2 -Flexible Couplings

* Spacer with shims

* Gear
* Grid
* Rubber
* Others
* Torque converter
 Equipment Driver

Alignment
It is important because misalignment can introduce a high
level of vibration, cause bearings to run hot, and result in
frequent repairs of bearings, seals, and couplings.
Proper alignment reduces power consumption and
noise level, and helps to achieve the design life of bearings,
seals, and couplings.
Equipment Driver
1 -Rigid Couplings

Equipment Driver

2 –Flexible Couplings

*Spacer with shims

Equipment Driver
*Spacer with shims
 *Spacer with shims

Spacer is not connected directly to both hubs,

but through the shims

Equipment Driver
*Gear

Equipment Driver
 *Grid

Equipment Driver
Torque
converter
Stationary
Guide wheel

Turbine Liquid

Secondary
Shaft

Pump Primary
Impeller Shaft

Packing
Pumps HYDRAULIC
ENERGY

MOTION
Turbines HYDRAULIC
ENERGY

MOTION
Normal speed
Guide Blades
Higher speed
Guide Blades
Lower speed
Guide Blades
Parallel misalignment

Vertical

Driver
Equipment
OR

Horizontal
 Correcting of Misalignment

A- Parallel Misalignment in Vertical Plane

Equipment

Shims
Angular Misalignment

Vertical

Equipment
OR

Horizontal
Angular Misalignment in
Vertical Plane

Equipment

Shims
HORIZONTAL PLANE

21
PARALLEL HORIZONTAL
1 3

2 4
22
ANGULAR HORIZONTAL
1 3

2 4
23
Dial indicators
Types and Functions.
 Dial indicators Types and Functions

• 1- Balanced-Type

Negative direction positive direction

Stem moves out -10 10
-20 20 Stem moves in
-30 30

40 40
-50 50
 • 2 - Continuous Type

Small needle

10
190 20
180
30
170
160 40
50
150
140 60
130 70
120 80
110 90

100
Preparation and
Orientation on
Alignment
•Measure and correct

* Pipe strain
* Soft foot
* Run out
* Thermal growth
*Mechanical centre
* Magnetic centre
• * Pipe strain
X Maximum 0.002 “

EQUIPMENT
PLANT LINE
• * Soft foot
Maximum 0.002 “

One driver leg is not settled on the base

• * Run out
Maximum 0.002 “

EQUIPMENT
SHAFT
 • * Thermal growth for hot liquid pumps
1- Apply the alignment procedure for the pump at ambient Temp.
2- Heat up the pump by opening the start up bypass for ½ hrs.
3- Put the dial indicator on the coupling rim and adjust to zero reading
4- close the bypass
5- Take the dial indicator reading after 24 hrs.
6- This reading is the thermal growth
7- Add the thermal growth reading as a shims under the driver legs

X = Thermal growth

Equipment Driver
 • * Thermal growth for Compressors

1- Apply the alignment procedure for the compressor at ambient Temp.

2- Go to manufacturer catalogue and read the thermal growth amount.
3- Add the thermal growth reading as a shims under the driver legs

After minutes
of Starting

Driver
Equipment

X = Thermal growth
*Magnetic centre.

Magnet

Run the motor Driver

Magnetic centre 34
Measurement of

bar sag.
Bar Sag on 12 O'clock
Position

SAG
Bar Sag on 6 O'clock Position

SAG
SAG
HOW TO DO
ALINGMENT
 Gauge Pointer
does not move around the rim

Equipment Driver

Motor and Equipment shaft

Rotate in the same time
39
PARALELL READINGS

Driver

Equipment

Driver

Equipment
VERTICAL READINGS

Dial indicator Parallel reading 2x

Parallel actual
x
misalignment
HORIZONTAL READINGS

Parallel actual x
misalignment

If both shafts rotate

or one shaft rotates,
the dial indicator
reading is the same,
and is equal to double
value of the actual
Misalignment amount
2x
 Reversal Alignment

Equipment Driver

D1 Inboard Out board

D2
D3
PARALELL READINGS

Fixed Movable

12 Ock
12 Ock

0 16

0 0

6 0

6 Ock 6 Ock 44
PARALELL READINGS

Fixed Movable

12 Ock
12 Ock

14 0 0 24

6 Ock 6 Ock 45
 F M
0 16
D1 =
D2 = 14 0 0 24
D3 =
Sag = 1
6 0
/2 /2
/2 /2
VERTICALLY 3 8

INBOARD = { MV - FV } DD 21 + SAG = +1

FV
D3
OUTBOARD = { MV - FV } D1 + 7 FH MH +12
SAG = -1
FV
HORIZONTALLY

D2 FV 4 MV 7
INBOARD = { MH - FH } D1 +
FH
D3
OUTBOARD = { MH - FH } D1 + Mils
FH
VERTICALLY

INBOARD = X + FV
D2
INBOARD = { MV - FV } D1 + FV

MV- FV

X
Inboard
FV MV FV

F M

D1
D2

47
VERTICALLY

OUT BOARD = Y + FV
D3
OUT BOARD = { MV - FV } D1 + FV

MV- FV
Y

Out board
MV FV
FV
F M

D1
D2

D3
48
GRAPHICAL METHOD

Vertically

Outboard
Inboard
MV
(+) FV F M Remove shims
Add shims
D1
D2
D3

49
D1 = 4 in F M
D2 = 8 in 0 16
D3 = 16 in
14 0 0 24
Sag = (1)
6 0
/2 /2 /2 /2
VERTICALLY
3 8
8
INBOARD = {7-4 } 4 + 4 = + 10
SAG = +1
16
OUTBOARD = {7-4} 4 + 4 = +16 7 FH MH +12
HORIZONTALLY SAG = -1

INBOARD = { 12 -7 } 84 + 7 = + 17
FV 4 MV 7

OUTBOARD = { 12 - 7 } 124 + 7 = + 22 Mils

EXAMPLE

FV = 4 mils
MV = 7 mils

Inboard Outboard
4 mils 7 mils
Remove shims
F M Add shims
4 in

8 in

12 in
Horizontally

D3

D2

D1
Outboard
Inboard
F M

MH

FH

52
5/3/2006
EXAMPLE

FH = 7 mils
MH = 12 mils

Inboard Outboard

12 mils
7 mils

F M

4 in

8 in

12 in
 Bar Bar
D1 D2 D3 Sag(F) Sag(M)
1 2 3 0 0

0 10
ADD shims

-20 F 0 0 M 16 REMOVE shims

Move towards 9
Move towards 3

-60 0
-30 -1 5 1
-30 5
-10 -30 8 5

Inboard (vertical) 40 0 REMOVE shims

Outboard (vertical) 75 0 REMOVE shims

Inboard (Horiz.) 26 0 Move towards 9

Outboard (Horiz) 44 0 Move towards 9

Rim and Face P = PARALLEL READING
Alignment A = ANGULAR READING

P A
D/2
Equipment Driver

X Inboard Out board

Y
PARALELL READING

VERTICAL
HORIZONTAL

12 Ock

9 Ock. 3 Ock

6 Ock
56
ANGULAR READING

VERTICAL

12 Ock 0

X
6 Ock

57
ANGULAR READING HORIZONTAL

3 Ock 0

X
9 Ock

58
 OR

A P
D/2
Equipment Driver

X Inboard Out board

59
 CALCULATION
METHOD

P A
0 0

- 14 0 +8 0

-6 -16

P = PARALLEL READING A = ANGULAR READING

 X=
P A
Y= 0 0
D=
Sag = - 1 -14 0 +8 0
/2
-6 -16
VERTICALLY
/2
INBOARD = X AV – PV Mils
D -3
SAG
Y
OUTBOARD =
D AV – PV Mils = +1

PV -2 -16 AV
HORIZONTALLY

INBOARD = X AH – PH Mils PH -7 +8 AH
D
Y
OUTBOARD =
D AH – PH Mils
61
 X = 4 in
Y = 12 in P A
0 0
D = 4 in
Sag = -1 -14 0 +8 0
/2
-6 -16
VERTICALLY /2

INBOARD = { 44 -16 } – (-2) = -14 -3

SAG
= +1
OUTBOARD = {12 -16 } – (-2) = -46
4 PV -2 -16 AV

HORIZONTALLY
PH -7 +8 AH
INBOARD = { 4 8 } – (-7 ) = +15
4

OUTBOARD = {12 8 } – (-7) = + 31 Mils

4 62
 EXAMPLE
PV
PV = - 2
AV = - 16 mils
PV = - 2 mils
Outboard
PV = - 2

Inboard

AV = -16

D=4
X=4

Y = 12
 GRAPHICAL METHOD

Vertically
PV

Outboard
PV
Inboard

(-) AV

D X
Y

PV
PV
Horizontally
PH

AH

Inboard Outboard
PH

D X PH

65
 Horizontally
If PH = +7

AH = +8 INCHES

Inboard
+7
Outboard
D=4
X=4

Y = 12
EXAMPLE
PH = - 7
PH = - 7 mils
AH = + 8 mils

AH = +8

Inboard
PH =-7
D=4 X=4 Outboard

Y = 12
D X Y Sag
2 4 8 0

0 0
Remove Shims

-12 P 0 0 A 0 Add shims

Move to 3 O'clock
Move to 9 O'clock

44 0

-6 PH 0 AH

Inboard (Vertical) -22 Remove Shims 0

Outboard (Vertical) -22 Remove Shims 0
Inboard (Horizontal) 6 0 Move to 3 O'clock
Outboard (Horizontal) 6 0 Move to 3 O'clock
 Optical Alignment

Transducer Reflector
F M

Equipment

Driver

Inboard Out board

 Reflector

Bracket Bracket

Chain Shaft
SIDE VIEW
HRIZONTAL 0 VERTICAL
ANGLE 90 PRISM
POSITION
ADJUSTTMENT ADJUSTTMENT

Bracket

Shaft Chain
 Transducer
GREEN LED:
INDICATES BEAM
ADJUSTEMENT
RED LED:
LASER ON
WARNING

HOUSING MARK
= CENTER OF
BRACKET POSTS
LOCKING
KNOB

SCRATCH-RESISTANCE
LENS

POEWR
DATA CABLE
REFLECTOR
1- PRESS M and remove transducer cap.
-The laser beam now is on.
-Leave the reflector cap on for now.
-Beam strikes the cap, it should be visible.
- Hold a sheet of paper to locate the beam

Rotate the side thumb

Wheel to raise or lower
the reflector

This lever to lock

The reflector position
 REFLECTOR

HORIZONTAL
ADJUSTMENT

VERTICAL
ADJUSTMENT
 OFF Beam misses detector
Red Blinks quickly
Green Is OFF

OFF

END Beam hits non linearized

area of detector
Red & Green Blinks quickly
Alternatively
END

COORDINATES Beam hits

area of detector
Red & Green Blinks Slowly
-2 1 Together
1- PREPARING FOR ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

a- Solid flat foundation

b- Machine mobility ( 2 mm higher & screw type positioning )

c- Soft foot ( Must be checked immediately)

d- Thermal growth
HORIZONTAL MACHINE ALIGNMENT

Select DIM Cycle through with and

1-Transducer to reflector

2-Transducer to coupling center

3-Coupling diameter

4-RPM

5-Transducer to front feet

6- Front feet to rear feet

DIM CONFIRM EACH
1 ENTERY WITH
ENT
2

4 RPM
5 6
 DIM

1-Transducer to reflector
120 mm

2-Transducer to coupling center

60 mm
 DIM

3- Coupling diameter D

4-Transducer to front foot, right m/c

180 mm
DIM

BEAM
DEFLECTOR
 DIM

5-Front foot to back foot , right m/c

M 5-Laser beam adjusting
1- PRESS M and remove transducer cap.
-The laser beam now is on.
-Leave the reflector cap on for now.
-Beam strikes the cap, it should be visible.
- Hold a sheet of paper to locate the beam

Rotate the side thumb

Wheel to raise or lower
the reflector

This lever to lock

The reflector position