INTRODUCTION OF MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT such as Life, Speak out, and Keynote provide

authentic input, allowing teachers to complement

Materials- are anything that facilitates the learning of
it with real-world examples.
language. They can be linguistic, visual, auditory or 6. Encourage communication- to fully utilize the
kinesthetic, and they can be presented in print, through communicative method, materials should
live performance or display, or on cassette, CD-ROM,
encourage students to express themselves, with
DVD or the internet’.
teachers potentially achieving this through
Who should develop the materials? malleable instruction.
7. Give multiple examples Croatian teacher
These days most commercial materials are written by emphasizes the importance of teachers stepping
professional materials writers writing to a brief beyond published materials, exploring and
determined by the publishers from an analysis of market questioning simplifications for stronger students,
needs (see Amrani, 2011). rather than focusing on topics or functions.
Teachers also need experience, training, and support to 8. Be varied- coursebook often use a classic ppp
become materials writers who can produce imaginative format, which is effective for students. However,
materials of relevance and appeal to their learners various in task types, interaction patterns, or
prompts can keep students engaged throughout,
Instructional Material as repetition can make the activity boring.
9. Be visually appealing- The author has developed
Refers to those alternative channels of communication,
a framework for evaluating materials and has
which a classroom teacher can use to concretize a concept
added the principle of recognizing the visual
during the teaching and learning process.
aspect of the material, as it makes significant first
impression on both the reader and the student.
10. Be flexible to adaptation and supplementation
MATERIALSDEVELOPMENT
FORMS OF MATERIALS
Teaching Materials
PRINTED MATERIALS
- Teaching materials are resources that are used to
facilitate the way learners understand and impart - Contains text, images, symbols that are printed on
knowledge of language. writing materials, such as paper.
- Example: textbooks, worksheets, videos, audio - Hard copy
recordings, online resources - Examples: Books, workbooks, worksheets,
newspapers, journals, and magazine
MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT
NON-PRINTEDMATERIALS
- Materials development is a procedure of creating,
evaluating, adapting, and utilizing materials to - Contains text, pictures, graphics, and
aid in language learning and growth. It is both a documentaries.
practical effort that aids language learning and an - Digital media
academic area that explores the concepts and - Examples: Videos and Audios
methods behind the design, creating,
BOTH PRINT AND NON- PRINT SOURCES
implementation, assessment, and analysis of
learning materials. (Nunan, 1991). - Self-access and internet
- Self-access- a method of learning in which
PRINCIPLES OF MATERIALS AND FRAMEWORK
students use books, videos, etc. to study on their
FOR MATERIAL DESIGN
own.
1. Be relevant- despite being subjective, relevance
Roles of Materials
can drive intrinsic motivation in learners. Needs
analysis, like materials design, helps find Overview of How Materials Facilitate Learning and
common ground and shared relevance, allowing Engagement
learners to engage with materials effectively
2. Challenge students- We all agreed that finding Materials play a vital role in enhancing learning by
well-balanced material was critical in keeping catering to different learning styles through various
learners engaged. Setting them attainable yet hard formats (print, digital, visual, auditory), stimulating
assignments will assist motivate them to realize curiosity and motivation with achievable challenges, and
their full potential. supporting comprehension with clear explanations. They
3. Link to real life & meaningful- The principle, encourage interaction through collaborative activities,
inspired by task-based learning, suggests that connect to real-life applications for meaningful learning,
including real-life tasks in every lesson would be and foster a sense of ownership in students. By integrating
unrealistic, and there is room for somewhat diverse and engaging materials, educators create a
unrealistic language practice in learning L2. dynamic learning environment that deepens
4. Be current- The inquiry identifies a recurrent understanding and promotes active participation.
difficulty with published material during peak Example of Roles of Materials
season, recommending that publishers prioritize
subject selection and picture selection for distinct - Instructional Materials
target groups. These include textbooks, workbooks, and
5. Be authentic Students have unlimited access to homework assignments. They provide structured
authentic internet input, making it impossible to content and exercises that help students learn new
include purpose-written resources. Course books concepts and practice skills.
 - Graphic Organizers - A textbook is a collection of the knowledge,
These visual tools help students organize and concepts, and principles related to a particular
present information. They cater to visual learners subject or course. It refers to educational
and allow students to see relationships between resources designed to support teaching and
concepts, enhancing comprehension and learning by providing structured content on
retention. specific subjects or topics.
- Teacher-Made Resources
Materials such as worksheets, handouts, and ADVANTAGES
assessments created by teachers are tailored to - STRUCTURED INFORMATION
meet specific learning objectives. - STANDARDIZED KNOWLEDGE
- Multimedia Materials - RESOURCE FOR HOMEWORK AND
Videos, interactive software, and online resources REVISION
engage students through various media formats. - RELIABILITY
They can present content in dynamic ways, - ACCESSIBILITY
making learning more appealing and relatable.
- Open Educational Resources DISADVANTAGES
These are freely accessible materials that include - LACK OF ENGAGEMENT
full courses, textbooks, and multimedia content. - OUTDATED INFORMATION
OER supports diverse learning experiences and - LIMITED PERSPECTIVES
promotes equity in education by providing high - ONE SIZE FITS ALL APPROACH
quality resources to all students. - DEPENDENCE ON TEXTBOOKS
AUTHENTIC VS ARTIFICIAL MATERIALS FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN MATERIAL
Authentic Language Learning Materials refers to the use DEVELOPMENT
in teaching of text, photographs, video selections, realia WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES IN
and other teaching resources that were not specially MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT?
prepared for pedagogical purposes
- Global Coursebook
Examples of this materials: - Global coursebooks cover topics that can be
Newspaper Magazines songs podcast tv shows understood by students all over the world. They
include general knowledge and concepts that
Artificial Language Learning Materials don’t depend on a specific culture. A global
content can be useful, it might not always relate
refers to textbooks and other specially developed
to the everyday lives of students in different
instructional resources that have been prepared to include
regions. Students may find it hard to connect with
examples of specific grammatical item discourse features.
examples or lessons that don’t match their culture
Examples: textbooks, workbooks, flashcards, educational or environment.
videos, infographics, charts - LOCAL COURSEBOOK
- Usually written in the language that students
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
speak and understand well. This helps them
AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
follow the lessons more easily. If the coursebook
AUTHENTIC MATERIALS is not in a language student are familiar with, they
may have a hard time learning.
- According to Nunan （2004） is the use of
spoken and written material that has been MATERIALS AND THEIR USERS
produced for purposes of communication not for Learners have different needs, backgrounds, and learning
purposes of language teaching. styles, making it challenging to build resources that work
ADVANTAGES for everyone.

- Authentic materials provide exposure to real-life Curricula change

language use, making learning more relevant and - Changes in curricular focus, such as alterations in
engaging for students. They can help develop language competency standards or teaching
learners' cultural awareness by exposing them to methodologies, can also disrupt learning
different societal norms and values. continuity and make it difficult to develop
DISADVANTAGES resources that effectively satisfy the new criteria

- These materials may contain complex language TECHNOLOGY

or jargon that can be challenging for learners, - Technology has several challenges in language
especially beginners. Authentic materials might learning materials development despite its
not align with the structured curriculum and can benefits. Over-reliance on technology can also
require additional effort from teachers to integrate undermine traditional teaching methods, while
effectively. technical problems or poorly integrated tools may
ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGES OF disrupt learning.
TEXTBOOKS

TEXTBOOKMATERIALS PROCEDURES and FRAMEWORK in Materials

Writing
Procedures: Needs Analysis, Planning and Design,
Content Development, Activity Design, Materials
Production, Trial and Evaluation, Revision and
Refinement, Dissemination and Implementation

FRAMEWORK IN MATERIALS WRITING

Stage 1. Needs Analysis and planning

- This stage involves identifying the target

audience, their needs, and learning goals. It also
includes planning the overall structure and design
of the materials.
Stage 2. Content development and activity design
DEVELOPING ELECTRONIC MATERIALS FOR
- This stage focuses on creating the core content of LANGUAGE TEACHING
the materials and developing engaging activities
to support learning. WHAT IS E- LEARNING?

Stage 3. Material production and trial - A type of online distance learning that uses the
internet and new digital technologies to enhance
- This stage involves producing the materials in a learning processes.
user-friendly format and conducting a pilot trial
to gather feedback. WHAT IS E- MEDIA

Stage 4. Revision, Evaluation, and dissemination - The term “electronic media” refers to materials
that has been digitally processed so that the user
- This stage involves incorporating feedback,
is able to access it through a single source, such
evaluating the materials' effectiveness, and as computer.
disseminating them to the target audience.
BASIC COMPONENTS OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA
LANGUAGE AND LEARNER-CENTERED
THAT ARE USED IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
MATERIALS
HYPERMEDIA

- is an extension to what is known as hypertext, or

the ability to open new Webpages by clicking text
links on Web browser.
- Refers to the capacity to make links between bits
of information.

Example:

- One classic example of hypermedia is the World

Wide Web, which allows users to access multiple
web locations.

COMMUNICATION MEDIA
FOUR PRINCIPLES:
- Communication media refers to the various
CONTEXT channels, methods, or tools used to transmit,
- Should relate to students’ real-life experiences exchange, or share information between two or
more parties.
CONVERSATION - Example: emails, bulletin boards, video
- Discuss the subject matter with the teacher and conferencing, chat rooms
other learners MULTIMEDIA
CONSTRUCTION - Multimedia refers to the presentations of media
- Build upon what they already knew, connecting of information and instruction through a
new information with previous experiences combination of graphics, audio, text, or video.
- Five major components of multimedia:
COLLABORATION - Text, images, sound, video, animation
- Working together on tasks MATERIAL DESIGN AND CURRENT TRENDS IN
TECHNOLOGY

CURRENT TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY

- LANGUAGE LEARNING APPS

- These apps offer interactive lessons that adapt to
the learner's proficiency level. They utilize games
like features, spaced repetition, and instant
feedback to make learning more enjoyable and
effective.
 - ONLINE FLASHCARDS
- These apps or sites use spaced repetition to help
learners memorize vocabulary and grammar
structures efficiently. Users can create their own
flashcard decks or download premade ones for
different languages.
- VOICE, RECOGNITION & SPEECH
PRACTICE
- These tools have built-in voice recognition that
allows learners to practice pronunciation. The app
provides instant feedback on pronunciation and
fluency.
- AUDIO & VIDEO RESOURCES
- Videos can be used in variety of instructional and
teaching settings in classroom, as a way of
presenting content, initiating discussion, for
providing illustration for a certain topic and
content, self-study and evaluation situations.
- CHATBOTS AND AI CONVERSATION
- Integrating conversational chatbots into language
learning materials can simulate real-life
dialogues.
- INTERACTIVE GRAMMAR &
VOCABULARY GAMES
- Gamification for learning is the application of
game-related mechanics (including leaderboards,
badges, points, levels, rewards, and recognition)
to learning initiatives
- AI-DRIVEN TRANSLATION TOOLS
- An AI tool is a software application that uses
artificial intelligence algorithms to perform
specific tasks and solve problems
- E-BOOKS WITH INTERACTIVE FEATURES
- Interactive e-books or digital textbooks that
integrate audio, video, and hyperlinks provide a
rich learning experience.

TECHNOLOGY IN ELT

TECHNOLOGY

Is anything which makes life easier.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

The teaching of English to speakers of other languages.

TECHNOLOGY IN ELT

- Increasing accessibility to a global audience,

enhancing language learning skills, improving
communication abilities, and providing greater
flexibility in course content and delivery
methods.

Benefits of Using Technology in English Learning

- Accessibility
- Personalization
- Flexibility
- Cost-effectiveness
- Communication and collaboration