Language

Learning
Materials and
Development
 2

Course Description
This course engages the pre-service English
teachers in the selection, development,
production, and evaluation of variety of language
teaching and learning resources based on the
identified K to 12 learning competencies. Through
these activities, they are able to demonstrate
content knowledge on the principles and procedures
of language materials development. Students show
competence in employing innovative strategies on
the design and development of contextualized and
localized instructional materials that provide
opportunities for meaningful, purposeful language
use thereby facilitate language learning and
teaching.
 3

Introduction to
Materials
Development
 4
Learning Objectives
➜Point out the
negative and
➜Discuss what
positive trends of
“materials
materials
development” development
and “materials”
are ➜Relate the
principles and
➜Cite examples of theories of
language language learning
learning to the development
materials used in of appropriate
language learning
5
 6

Materials
➜ ‘Materials’ ‘include anything which
can be used to facilitate the
learning of a language (Tomlinson,
2001).

➜ These are any systematic

description of the techniques and
exercises to be used in classroom
 7

Materials Development
➜ Materials development is both a
field of study and a practical
undertaking.

➜ As a field: It studies the principles

and procedures of the design,
implementation, and evaluation of
language teaching material.
 8

Materials Development
➜ As an undertaking: It involves
production, evaluation, and
adaptation of language teaching
materials (Tomlinson 2001)
 9

Materials Development
➜ Materials development refers to all
the processes made use of by
practitioners who produce and/or
use materials for language
learning, including materials
evaluation, their adaptation,
design, production, exploitation
and research. (Tomlinson, 2014)
 10

“
“Every teacher is a
material
developer…”

-English Language
Center 1997
Classification
of Learning
Materials
 12

By
purpose By format
➜ Instruction ➜ Paper-
al based
By
creator
➜ Authentic ➜ Audiovisual
➜ Commercia
➜ Electronic l
➜ In-house
 13

Authentic vs.
Created Materials
 14

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
➜ According to David Nunan (1998),
authentic materials are the materials
which have been produced for
purposes other than to teach
language. These are spoken or written
language data that has been produced
in the course of genuine
communication, and not specifically
written for purposes of language
 15

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
➜ According to Herod (2002),
authentic learning materials and
activities are designed to imitate
the real world situations.
 16

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
➜ Herrington and Oliver (2000)
suggested a new pedagogical
term, called “authentic learning.”
This term is directly related to the
students’ real life and prepares
them to face and deal with real
world situations.
 17

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
➜ Jacobson et al. (2003) see
authentic materials as printed
materials, which are used in
classrooms in the same way they
would be used in real life.
 18

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
➜ In other words, Stubbs (1996)
defines authentic texts as
“actual, attested, and such that
they have real authentic
instances of use.”
Types of Authentic
Materials
 20

Types of Authentic Materials

➜ Authentic listening materials:
radio news, cartoons, songs, etc.
➜ Authentic visual materials: street
signs, magazines and newspapers
pictures, post cards, etc.
➜ Authentic printed materials: sports
reports, newspapers, restaurant
menus, train tickets, etc.
ADVANTAGES
OF AUTHENTIC
MATERIALS
 22

Linguistic Advantages
➜ Helps learners to produce better
language
➜ Helps learners to acquire the
language faster
➜ Makes learners more confident to
deal with real-life situation
➜ They expose learners to real
language
 23

Linguistic Advantages
➜ They are more related to
learner’s needs
➜ They have a positive effect on
learners’ motivation
➜ They bring cultural information
to the students attention
 24

Non-Linguistic Advantages
➜ According to Thanajaro (2000)
and Otte (2006), authentic
materials have a positive effect
on learner’s motivation and
encourage them to learn better.
➜ “It is a window into culture”
(Sherman 2003)
 25

CREATED MATERIALS
➜ Created materials refer to
textbooks and other specially
developed instructional materials.
(Nunan, 1998)

➜ Materials expressly created for the

foreign language learner. (Kmiecik
& Barkhuizen, 2006)
 26

CREATED MATERIALS
➜ Those that are specifically
designed for the language
learners. They are adapted or
simplified or written keeping in
mind the language proficiency of
the learners in question. (Awasthi,
2006)
DISADVANTAGES
OF AUTHENTIC
MATERIALS
 28

➜ “Too difficult and time consuming

to select, edit, and prepare”
(Miller 2005)

➜ Martinez (2002) argues that they

are “too culturally biased and
difficult to comprehend by
learners in the classroom.”
[“authentic texts from one culture
 29

➜ Kilickaya (2004) believes that

using authentic materials with
weak learners frustrate and
demotivate them, because they
lack the required skills and
vocabulary to deal with presented
texts successfully.
GUIDELINES FOR
DESIGNING
MATERIALS
 31

➜ Set objectives.
➜ Derive content from objectives.
➜ Establish a sequence for content.
➜ Define techniques and exercises
for each content.
➜ Decide on your materials for
accomplishing your objectives
and developing your content.
FRAMEWORK FOR
DESIGNING
MATERIALS
33
 Tomlinson’s
Principles of
Materials Design
 35
Instructional materials must meet some basic
principles:

2.
1.
Materials
Materials
should help
should
learners to
achieve
feel at ease.
impact.
 36
Instructional materials must meet some basic
principles:
4.
3. What is
Materials being taught
should help should be
learners to perceived by
develop learners as
confidence. relevant and
useful.
 37
Instructional materials must meet some basic
principles:
6.
5. Learners
Materials must be
should ready to
require and acquire the
facilitate points being
learner self- taught.
investment.
 38
Instructional materials must meet some basic
principles:
8.
7. The learners’
Materials attention
should should be
expose the drawn to
learners to linguistic
language in features of the
authentic input.
 39
Instructional materials must meet some basic
principles:
10.
9. Materials
Materials should
should take
provide learners
with opportunities into account
to use the target that the
language to positive effects
achieve
communicative
of instruction
purposes. are usually
 40
Instructional materials must meet some basic
principles:
12.
11. Materials
Materials should take
should take into account
into account that learners
that learners differ in
differ in affective
learning attitudes.
 41
Instructional materials must meet some basic
principles:

13.
Materials
should permit
a silent period
at the
beginning of
instruction.
 42

The most effective way of ‘helping teachers

to understand and apply theories of
language learning – and to achieve
personal and professional development – is
to provide monitored experience of the
process of developing materials’
(Tomlinson, 2001).
 43

GENERALIZATIOn
➜ Define ‘materials’ in the context
of language teaching and
learning.
➜ What is ‘materials development’?
➜ Give examples of materials that
are used in a classroom.
➜ Why are materials important in
teaching and learning language?
 44

There is no published or universal set of

principles for materials design and in fact
commercial material writers claim to be
whimsical in their approach and “follow
their intuitions rather than an overt
specification of objectives, principles and
procedures” (Tomlinson 2011) and
“replicating previous materials, adapting
activity types that have worked for them
before and relying upon creative
inspiration.”
 45

ASSIGNMENT
➜ List five (5) examples of authentic
materials and five (5) examples of
created materials.
➜ Write your answers on your paper with
you name clearly written.
➜ Take a picture of your answers, and
send to me through direct message in
Messenger.
➜ Send your answers on until next
 46
REFERENCES
Merca (2017). Principles in materials design.
Retrieved February 13, 2022, from https://
www.slideshare.net/rhonamerca/principles-in-mat
erials-design-75060697

Talebi (2017). Materials Development in ELT.

Retrieved February 13, 2022, from https://
www.slideshare.net/SajjadTalebi/materials-develo
pment-in-elt
 47

Thanks for Listening!