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Lesson 5 Critical Reading: Implicit and Explicit Information Overview

This lesson focuses on critical reading, emphasizing the importance of evaluating arguments, distinguishing between fact and opinion, and understanding implicit and explicit information. It introduces different types of claims: claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy, detailing their definitions and requirements for proof. Critical reading enables readers to interact with the material, judge its legitimacy, and form well-supported opinions based on the information gathered.

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Jeanel Alimurung
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7 views3 pages

Lesson 5 Critical Reading: Implicit and Explicit Information Overview

This lesson focuses on critical reading, emphasizing the importance of evaluating arguments, distinguishing between fact and opinion, and understanding implicit and explicit information. It introduces different types of claims: claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy, detailing their definitions and requirements for proof. Critical reading enables readers to interact with the material, judge its legitimacy, and form well-supported opinions based on the information gathered.

Uploaded by

Jeanel Alimurung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 5

Critical Reading: Implicit and Explicit Information

Overview:
It is important to read critically. Critical reading requires you to evaluate the arguments in the text.
You need to distinguish fact from opinion and look at arguments given for and against the various
claims. This also means being aware of your opinions and assumptions (positive and negative) of
the text you are reading so you can evaluate it honestly. It is also important to be aware of the
writer's background, assumptions, and purposes.

All writers have a reason for writing and will emphasize details that support their reason for
writing and ignore details
that do not. Every claim requires the proper use of language and logic in presenting the validity of
your statements, propositions, and arguments. However, a claim must not be confused with
evidence or vice versa because every evidence supports and supplements the claims. Thus, in
this lesson, you will find out how the information in the text agrees with the writer’s belief and
judgment, and exercise your ability to interface language and logic through the analysis of claims
presented in textual material.

Henceforth, you will be acquainted with implicit and explicit information and the different types of
claims: claim of fact, claim of value, and claim of policy.

Claim Claim Clai


Statements of Fact of Value m
of
Pol
icy
1. Honesty is the best policy.
2. Staying late at night can cause obesity.
3. Smoking can lead to respiratory infection.
4. Be kind for everyone has a hard battle to win.
5. Social media makes every youth share common goals.
6. Extra Judicial Killings lessen the crimes in our community.
7. All students must be strictly prohibited to bring any gadgets at
school.
8. Barkada Kontra Droga would eradicate drug addiction in the
community.
9. Zero Waste Management should be strictly implemented in the
school campus.
10. To compete globally, the Department of Education adapted the K
to 12 curriculum.

Critical Reading Leads to Significant Understanding:


Readers interact with the material through critical reading. When you practice critical
reading, you are not just gathering information; you are also judging the importance and
legitimacy of the information you have gathered by judging the purpose, manner of
presentation, and holistic development of the arguments presented in the text.
To properly evaluate the ideas you have gathered while reading, you must be able to know
the different kinds of information which are explicit information and implicit information.

Two Kinds of Information:


Explicit Information is the information stated in the text. Readers can see the piece of
information stated in the given passage.
Implicit information is the information not directly presented in the text. As readers, we
need to read between the lines to understand the details that the writer is trying to tell us.
Sometimes, we read because we need to perform a particular task after reading.
The different kinds of information we have gathered through reading may be used as a
basis for our next task. We can sufficiently discuss our opinion depending on the evidence that
we have collected from the texts we have read. Proofs or claims can be used based on the type
of presentation or argumentation that you wish to do.
What is a Claim?
A claim is a statement that is not considered accepted by all. It may be unverified or
controversial to a certain degree. It is usually related to one side of the issue. It is also called a
position. It is argumentative and specific.

Types of Claims
1. Claim of Fact (COF)
Claim of Facts relate to statements that can be easily verified and not dependent on a
person's preference. It also asserts that a condition has existed, is existing, or will exist and are
based on facts or data. Facts that are universally accepted are not considered claim of fact but
instead a statement of fact.
Claims of fact are often qualified by such terms as generally, probably, or as a rule. And, to
verify whether these statements are claim of fact or not, ask these questions: Is it debatable? Is it
verifiable? Is it specific? Can it be solve objectively?

 Types of factual claims (generally "objective")


1. Factual/historical
2. Relational - causal connections
3. Predictive
 Proof requires:
 sufficient and appropriate grounds  clearly defined terms -no loaded
 reliable authority language
 recent data  a clear distinction between fact and
 accurate, typical data inference
Claim of Fact Statement of Fact

courts will side the Philippines too. speed and rain volume.
problems.
president is Duterte.

to step foot on the moon.

1. Claim of Value (COV)


Claim of Value involves judgments and evaluations. It judges whether something is good/bad,
right/wrong, just/unjust, ethical/non-ethical, etc. We judge the worth of something. It attempts to
prove that somethings are more or less desirable than others.
Some claims of value are simply expressions of taste, preferences, and prejudices. The most
important in proving claim of value is by establishing standards of evaluation.
 Proof requires:
 Establishing standards of evaluation (i.e. a warrant that defines what constitutes
instances of the relevant value) note the priority of the value in this instance
 Establish the advantage (practical or moral) of your standards
 Use examples to clarify abstract values
 Use credible authorities for support
Claim of Value
speaking.
2. Claim of Policy (COP)
Advocates a specific course of action. It asserts that specific policies should be instituted as
solutions to problems.
Claims of policy argue that certain conditions should exist. Almost always "should" or
"ought to" or "must" are included in this claim.
 Proof requires:
 Making proposed action (clear), need (justification), plan (must be workable),
benefit (advantages) considers opposition / counter arguments.
Claim of Policy

marijuana.
scout leaders.

CHECK THIS OUT!


Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of Policy
Generally, Facebook received Facebook is better than Twitter Facebook must be doing well
most visits than Twitter and and Instagram. considering the number of visitors it
Instagram. has every day.
debatable, verifiable, specific, Requires a “standard” to verify Suggests a solution or a policy
objective

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