Scribd
Upload
44 views12 pages

Module 9 - DC Motors-Working Principle - Back Emf - Torque

The document explains the working principle of DC motors, highlighting that they operate based on the interaction between a current-carrying conductor and a magnetic field, which produces mechanical force and torque. It details the role of the commutator in reversing current direction to maintain continuous torque and introduces the concept of back emf, which opposes the applied voltage. Additionally, it notes that the same machine can function as both a DC generator and a DC motor depending on the energy conversion process.

Uploaded by

akunofficial2580
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
44 views12 pages

Module 9 - DC Motors-Working Principle - Back Emf - Torque

The document explains the working principle of DC motors, highlighting that they operate based on the interaction between a current-carrying conductor and a magnetic field, which produces mechanical force and torque. It details the role of the commutator in reversing current direction to maintain continuous torque and introduces the concept of back emf, which opposes the applied voltage. Additionally, it notes that the same machine can function as both a DC generator and a DC motor depending on the energy conversion process.

Uploaded by

akunofficial2580
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Module 9- DC motors-Working principle,

Back emf, Torque

1
Working Principle of DC Motors
The operation of a DC motor is based on the principle that when a current carrying conductor is
placed in a magnetic field, a mechanical force is experienced by it.

The direction of this force is determined by Fleming’s Left Hand Rule and its magnitude is given by
the relation: F = Bil newton

2
In actual machine, a large number of conductors are placed on the armature.

All the conductors, placed under the influence of one pole (say, North pole) carry the current in one
direction (outward). Whereas, the other conductors placed under the influence of other pole i.e.,
south pole, carry the current in opposite direction as shown in Fig.

A resultant rotor field is produced. Its direction is marked by the arrow-head Fr . This rotor field Fr
tries to come in line with the main field Fm and torque (Te ) develops. Thus, rotor rotates

3
It can be seen that to obtain a continuous torque, the direction of flow of current in
each conductor or coil side must be reversed when it passes through the magnetic
neutral axis (MNA).

This is achieved with the help of a commutator.

Function of a Commutator

The function of a commutator in DC motors is to reverse the direction of flow of


current in each armature conductor when it passes through the M.N.A. to obtain
continuous torque

4
Back emf
It has been seen that when current is supplied to the armature conductors, as shown in Fig. (a),
placed in the main magnetic field, torque develops and armature rotates.

Simultaneously, the armature conductors cut across the magnetic field and an emf is induced in
these conductors.

The direction of this induced emf in the armature conductors is determined by Fleming’s Right Hand
Rule and is marked in Fig. (b).

5
It can be seen that the direction of this induced emf is opposite to the applied voltage.

That is why this induced emf is called back emf (Eb ).

The magnitude of this induced emf is given by the relation;

In this case, the supply voltage is always greater than the induced or back emf (i.e., V > Eb ).

Therefore, current is always supplied to the motor from the mains and the relation among the
various quantities will be; Eb = V – I a Ra.

6
Significance of Back emf

7
Electro-magnetic Torque Developed in DC Motor

8
Thus, it is concluded that torque produced in the armature of a DC machine is directly proportional
to flux per pole and armature current.

Moreover, the direction of electromagnetic torque developed in the armature depends upon the
direction of flux or magnetic field and the direction of flow of current in the armature conductors.

If either of the two is reversed the direction of torque produced is reversed and hence the direction
of rotation. But ,when both are reversed , the direction of torque (or rotation) does not change.

9
Shaft
Torque

10
Comparison of Generator and Motor Action
It has been seen that the same machine can be used as a DC generator or as a DC motor.

When it converts mechanical energy (or power) into electrical energy (or power), it is called a DC
generator and when it is used for reversed operation, it is called a DC motor.

11
12

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy